mgmi-conference, 8-9th dec., 2k1 sustainable development in jharia coalfield, india dr kalyan sen,...
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MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 1
SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA DEVELOPMENT IN JHARIA
COALFIELD, INDIACOALFIELD, INDIAdr kalyan sen, directordr kalyan sen, director
Central Fuel Research Institute, DhanbadCentral Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad MGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2KMGMI, NEW DELHI-8-9TH DEC.,2K
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 3
Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000)Reserves in JCF: (After GSI-2000)(up to 1200 m depth)(up to 1200 m depth)
Only repository of prime coking coal in India
Total reserves: 19,430 Mt Prime coking : 5,313 Mt Medium coking: 6,164 Mt So called non-coking: 7,953 Mt
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 4
Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)
1905
1910
1915
1920
1925
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1965
1970
1980
1985
1990
1994
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35O/C(Mt) U/G(Mt) TOTAL(Mt)
PRODUCTION TREND OF COAL IN JCF (Mt)
Year
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 5
Annualized Growth Rate (%) in JCF
Source: DGMS & MoC Reports(Different years)
19
05
19
10
19
15
19
20
19
25
19
30
19
35
19
40
19
45
19
50
19
55
19
60
19
65
19
70
19
75
19
80
19
85
19
90
0
10
20
30
40
-10
-20
Production(Mt)Growth rate (%)
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 6
Sustainable development in any industrial system demands an increase in pdn by national GR level or decrease
in the cost of pdn by same level.
Annualized growth rate, %:
1910 14 1944-66 0.5-4.0
1925 2.0 1988 22.0
1935 -3.0 1989 -13.6
After nationalization : 2-3 % (as compared to
national GR 6-8%)
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 7
Quality of Jharia coals:Quality of Jharia coals:Chemical characteristics:
Barakar Fmn Raniganj Fmn
Moisture (air dried) 0.9-1.8% 1.4-2.3%
Ash 16.7-29.7% 21.3-32.3%
VM(dmf) 20.5-33% 34.7- 40.1%
Carbon (elemental) 88.4-91.5%` 84.6- 88.4%
(pure coal basis)
Heat value (k cal/kg) 8613-8819 8500-8980
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 8
Quality contd….Quality contd…. Petrographic composition: (Visible min. mat. Free basis)
Characteristics Upper seams Lr. Seams
Vitrinite 56.5-70.3% 25.3-57.3%
Liptinite 1.0-3.9%% 0.6-1.4% ?
Inertinite 28.1-38.3% 27.3-62.1%
Ro 0.9-1.25% 1.25-14.3%
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 9
Quality contd….Quality contd….
Lr. Seam (I-V/VI/VII & VIII) coals of the region have high reflectance and produce good coke from washed coal having total reactive contents 55-65%.
Use of such coal as power coal is simply wastage of scarce coking coal resource
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 10
Lower seam coal
Upper seam coalUpper Seam Coal
Lower Seam Coal
Mass Ditribution of upper and Lower seams Coals
Upper Seam Coal
Raw coals crushed to 75mm
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
Relative Density
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Fractional Mass %
AX
Upper Seam Coal
Lower Seam Coal
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 11
Washed Coal Analysis
Chemical (%) East West
Moisture 1.0 1.0Ash 17.0 18.3V. M. ( air dry) 17.0 15.0
Petrographic (vol. %)Vitrinite 53.0 45.0Semi vitrinite 5.0 4.8Exinite (Liptinite) - 0.3Inertinite 35.0 31.5Min. Matter 14.0 15.2-----------------------------------------------------------Mean R0% 1.27 1.29
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 12
Washed Coal
Coke Property
Porosity % 48.5
CRI 12.6
CSR 72.9
M40 82.6
M10 9.8
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 13
1.25 1.35 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.050
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Char. Ash
Fra
ctio
nal
Yie
ld
Mid SP. gravity
Ch
ar. Ash
%
Cleans RejectsFoundry Coal Power Coal
4- product separation
Cost of washed coal is 3 times of raw coal
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 14Figure 4: Concept of Multi-stage Beneficiation
RAW COAL
POWER SECTOR
PRIMARYCLEANS
MIDDLINGS
REJECTS
STEELPLANT
CLEANS
FOUNDRYCOAL
BEE-HIVE COKE-OVENS
1st Stage Washing
2nd Stage Washing
(37% Ash)
(22.6 %)
(34 %)
(62 %)
(17.5 %)(Coke Ash 21%)(Coke Ash 31 %)
(27 %)
100 Wt%
50 %
20 %
30 %
28 %20 %
PIT HEAD WASHERY
COMPOSITE WASHERY
BRICKS
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 15
Figure 4A- A typical product mix from beneficiation of difficult-to-wash coal
( Raw coal ash 35-37%)
Rejects
(60-65% ash)
29%
Middlings
(34% ash)
21%
Foundry Fuel (28% ash)
22%
Cleans
(18% ash)
28%
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 16
ConclusionConclusion
Washing of lower seam coals ardent necessary
Raw coal production level is to be increased by 6 to 8% or expenditure on production to be decreased by same level
CFRI techniques(multi-stage washing) of optimum beneficiation of high ash coal may be helpful
MGMI-CONFERENCE, 8-9TH DEC., 2K 17
ConclusionConclusion
washing of ‘difficult-to-wash’ lower seam
coals is a must to meet the requirement of the
nation
beneficiation of the high ash coals from 35-
50% ash level to 17-18% reduces the yield.
Multi- stage/ stream washing will be the only
cost-effective solution under the present crisis