MGIMO13 December 2007

ESDP

EU – NATO Relations

Gaston STRONCK

Ambassador of Luxembourg

History

1948 - Brussels Treaty - WEU1949 - Washington Treaty - NATO1950 - European Defence Community1954 - rejected by FR National Assembly1954 - modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT)1970 - European Policy Co-ordinationbeginning of the 80‘s - more open

discussions on European security

History II

1992 - Petersberg / Revitalisation of WEU

1996 - NATO Berlin / Brussels - ESDI1997 - Amsterdam Treaty

HR/Policy UnitPetersberg Missions

AMSTERDAM 1997

(TEU – Article 17)CFSP shall include all questions relating to the

security of the Union, including the progressive framing of a common defence policy ... which might lead to a Common Defence, should the European Council so decide. …

• … shall include:• Humanitarian and rescue tasks;Humanitarian and rescue tasks;• Peace-keeping tasks;Peace-keeping tasks;• Tasks of combat forces in crisis Tasks of combat forces in crisis management, including peacemaking.management, including peacemaking.

History III

1998 - FR / UK Summit in St. Malo1999 - 2005 - European Council at

CologneHelsinkiFeiraNiceGotenborgLaekenSeville

EU SUMMIT

COLOGNE June 1999

“ …“ …intend to give the EU the intend to give the EU the necessary means and necessary means and capabilities to assume its capabilities to assume its responsibilities regarding a responsibilities regarding a common ESDP…”common ESDP…”

ESDP - where do we stand ?

Progress reached :• New structures: pol-mil, military and

civilian • Crisis management procedures / decision

making process• Improvement of military capabilities• Development and improvement of

capabilities in the civilian field • Co-operation with third states and

international organisations• Operational engagement

High Representative and Policy Unit

New Structures

Political and Security Committee linchpin of ESDP and CFSP

EU Military Committee Committee for Civilian Aspects New staffs

Specific directorates in the Council Secretariat EU Military Staff Joint Situation Centre Civ-mil Cell and Operation Centre Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability

High Representative

New Structures II Article 26 Amsterdam Treaty

The Secretary-General of the Council, High Representative for the common foreign and security policy, shall assist the Council in matters coming within the scope of the common foreign and security policy, in particular through contributing to the formulation, preparation and implementation of policy decisions, and, when appropriate and acting on behalf of the Council at the request of the Presidency, through conducting political dialogue with third parties.

EUROPEAN UNIONEUROPEAN UNION

PILLAR 1

COMMUNITYPOLICIES

“EUROPEAN COMMUNITY”

PILLAR 2

COMMON FOREIGN AND

SECURITY POLICY

INCLUDING EUROPEAN

SECURITY & DEFENCE POLICY

PILLAR 3

JUSTICE & HOME AFFAIRS

EUROPEAN UNION TREATIESEUROPEAN UNION TREATIES

Secretary General/High RepresentativeSecretary General/High Representative

Policy Policy Unit Unit

Council General Secretariat Council General Secretariat

DG E VIII and DG E IX CPCC DG E VIII and DG E IX CPCC

Political and Security Committee (PSC) Political and Security Committee (PSC)

Joint Situation Joint Situation Centre Centre (SITCEN) (SITCEN)

Committee for Committee for Civilian aspects Civilian aspects

of Crisis of Crisis Management Management (CIVCOM) (CIVCOM)

EU MilitaryEU MilitaryCommittee Committee (EUMC) (EUMC)

Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER) Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Council of the European UnionCouncil of the European Union

European Council European Council (Summit of the Heads of State and Government)(Summit of the Heads of State and Government)

policy-making body

advisory body

EU Military EU Military Staff Staff

(EUMS) (EUMS)

Politico-Politico-MilitaryMilitaryGroupGroup(PMG)(PMG)

Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (CFSP/ESDP)Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (CFSP/ESDP)

ESDP - where do we stand ?

Progress reached:• New structures: pol-mil, military

and civilian • Crisis management procedures /

decision making process• Improvement of military capabilities• Development and improvement of

capabilities in the civilian field • Co-operation with third states and

international organisations

Headline Goal by 2003

• Corps level (up to 15 brigades or 50.000 - 60.000 men) with appropriate air and naval elements

• Rapid deployment within 60 days including a smaller rapid response element at very high readiness

• Militarily self-sustaining, with the necessary C3I, logistics, combat support

• Deployment for at least one year

• Focus : Focus : - - Quality Quality

- - Rapid ResponseRapid Response

• Aim : Aim : -- Interoperability Interoperability

-- DeployabilityDeployability -- SustainabilitySustainability

Headline Goal by 2010

EU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPTEU BATTLEGROUPS CONCEPT

Battlegroup (approx 1500 troops)

Infantry Battalion

•HQ

•HQ Company

•3x Infantry Coy

•Fire Support

•Reconnaissance

•Combat Support

•Combat Service Support

•Staff Support

Strategic Enablers

Air Sea Log Other

• Readiness of 5-10 Readiness of 5-10 daysdays

• Sustainable for 30 Sustainable for 30 days initial operation, days initial operation, extendable to 120 extendable to 120 daysdays

• A distance of 6000km A distance of 6000km from Brusselsfrom Brussels

• 2 concurrent single 2 concurrent single BG-size rapid BG-size rapid

response operationsresponse operations

ESDP - where do we stand ?

Progress reached:• New structures: pol-mil, military and

civilian • Crisis management procedures / decision

making process• Improvement of military capabilities• Development and improvement of

capabilities in the civilian field • Co-operation with third states and

international organisations• Operational engagement

ESDP - where do we stand ?

Progress reached:• New structures: pol-mil, military and

civilian • Crisis management procedures / decision

making process• Improvement of military capabilities• Development and improvement of

capabilities in the civilian field • Co-operation with third states and

international organisations• Operational engagement

CO-OPERATION WITH PARTNERSCO-OPERATION WITH PARTNERS

AUSTRIAAUSTRIA

CYPRUSCYPRUS

FINLANDFINLAND

BELGIUMBELGIUM

CZECH REPCZECH REP

DANEMARKDANEMARK

ESTONIAESTONIA

FRANCEFRANCE

GERMANYGERMANY

GREECEGREECE

HUNGARYHUNGARY

ITALYITALY

LATVIALATVIA

ROMANIAROMANIA

LITHUANIALITHUANIA

LUXEMBURGLUXEMBURG

NETHERLANDSNETHERLANDS

POLANDPOLAND

PORTUGALPORTUGAL

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIA

SLOVENIASLOVENIA

SPAINSPAIN

UNITED KINGDOMUNITED KINGDOM

BULGARIABULGARIA

+3+3

MALTAMALTA

IRELANDIRELAND

SWEDENSWEDEN

USA USA CANADACANADA

ICELANDICELAND

NORWAYNORWAY

TURKEYTURKEY

!!

+ third + third countriescountries

NATONATO European UnionEuropean Union

ESDP - where do we stand ?

Progress reached:• New structures: pol-mil, military and

civilian • Crisis management procedures / decision

making process• Improvement of military capabilities• Development and improvement of

capabilities in the civilian field • Co-operation with third states and

international organisations• Operational engagement

click here to click here to finishfinishClick on one of the flags to fade Click on one of the flags to fade

in/out the name of an operation, in/out the name of an operation, then click the “i”-button for further then click the “i”-button for further information…information…

click click here to to jump jump back to first back to first slideslide

Map of Past and Current ESDP Operations Map of Past and Current ESDP Operations (2/06)(2/06)

EUPOL EUPOL PROXIMAPROXIMA

EUFOR – EUFOR – ALTHEAALTHEA

EUJUST EUJUST THEMIS*THEMIS*

EUJUST LEXEUJUST LEXCONCORDIACONCORDIA

EUPOL COPPSEUPOL COPPS

EUPOL EUPOL KINSHASAKINSHASAEUSEC DR EUSEC DR CongoCongo

ARTEMISARTEMIS

EU supportEU support for for AMIS IIAMIS II

AMMAMM

EUPMEUPM

•AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (since 8/05)AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (since 8/05)•EU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05) EU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05) *Coop. of Commission & ESDP*Coop. of Commission & ESDP•EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05)at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05)•EUFOR – ALTHEA:  EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04)EUFOR – ALTHEA:  EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04)•EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)•EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (since 12/05)EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (since 12/05)•EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1/03)EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 1/03)•EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06)EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06)•EUPOL KINSHASA: European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (since 4/05)EUPOL KINSHASA: European Union Police Mission in Kinshasa (DRC) (since 4/05)•EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DR Congo (since 7/05)EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DR Congo (since 7/05)•EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (Darfur, since 8/05)EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (Darfur, since 8/05)

Ongoing Ongoing MissionsMissions

•ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in Democratic ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in Democratic Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03)Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03)•CONCORDIA: EU Military Operation CONCORDIA: EU Military Operation in Former Yugoslav Republic in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03)of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03)•EUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law MissionEUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law Mission to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05) to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05) *some EU-personnel*some EU-personnel remaining at the office of the EUSR for Georgia remaining at the office of the EUSR for Georgia to finalize THEMIS and for the purpose of border to finalize THEMIS and for the purpose of border monitoring and border police reformmonitoring and border police reform•EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in Former EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in Former Yugosl. Rep. of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05)Yugosl. Rep. of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05)

Completed Completed MissionsMissions

ii

ii

ii

iiii

ii

ii

ii

ii

ii

ii

ii

EU BAM RafahEU BAM Rafah ii

EU BAM EU BAM Moldova*Moldova*

ii

EUPATEUPAT ii

CoCo--operation EU operation EU -- NATONATO

“Strategic Partnership”“Strategic Partnership”

COCO--OPERATION WITH NATOOPERATION WITH NATO

- Effective - Effective mutual consultationmutual consultation;;

- - Equality for the decision-making Equality for the decision-making autonomyautonomy of the EU and NATO; of the EU and NATO; - R- Respect for the interestsespect for the interests of the EU and of the EU and NATO members states; NATO members states;

- R- Respect for the principles of the espect for the principles of the Charter Charter of the United Nationsof the United Nations; ;

- Coherent, transparent and mutually - Coherent, transparent and mutually reinforcing reinforcing development of the military development of the military capability requirementscapability requirements in common. in common.

Principles of the Strategic Partnership

CO-OPERATION WITH NATOCO-OPERATION WITH NATO

• Assured access to NATO planning capabilitiesAssured access to NATO planning capabilities

• Presumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified Presumption of availability to the EU of pre-identified NATO capabilities and common assetsNATO capabilities and common assets

• Identification of range of European command options, Identification of range of European command options, role of DSACEUR as EU OpCdrrole of DSACEUR as EU OpCdr

• Further adaptation of NATO's defence planning system Further adaptation of NATO's defence planning system for use in EU-led operationsfor use in EU-led operations

Berlin-Plus Arrangements

CO-OPERATION WITH NATOCO-OPERATION WITH NATO