metrologia_enotita 4
DESCRIPTION
metrologiaTRANSCRIPT
-
19
20
u U
13
14
15
16
17
18
u
(
m
/
s
)
0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.319
10
11
12
time series (sec)0.4
x/c=0.3 x/c=1 x/c=4x/c=7
0.1
0.2
0.3
x/c 7
2009 2010 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 140.0
Velocity fluctuations (m/s)
-
3
( )()
, ,
-
, . (transient state).
, , .. , , , . , , , ,
, .
, y(t) y x(t) t, :
: y(t)=x(t) : 0 y(t)=x(t)
: 0 y(t)+1 y(t)=x(t)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
, ,
: 0 y(t)+1 y(t)+ 2 y(t) =x(t)
-
. (zero order) , . , . y(t)
( ) x(t), :
y(t)=Sx(t)y( ) ( ) S .( . S. )
: ,
, ,
.
-
. 1 (1st order) , .. , . 1 () =21 t=0.
/1 (1 )
te
t: : 63.2% .
, ,
-
,
1
X
Y
,
2
Y
0
.
6
3
2
X0
t1
X ,t
, ,
-
, . 3 95% ( 5%) 5 99% ( 1%) :
() : , t>5
.() : () t, 5t.
-
4 4 , 3000/min. t=2/n, .
3000 / i 50 / , n= 3000/min=50 /s :t=2/50=0.04s
, ():():
>5t=50.04=0.2s >0.2s ,
-
. 2 (2nd order) 2 , XOAX: , X OAX: , :
2
2
1t
: : : 63.2% .
, ,
-
2
X
X 0X 0 ,t (overdamping), (underdamping) ,.
=0.6, (criticaldamping) . =0.6
, ,
, .. .
-
: ().
: 63.2% .
: : 99% . 5. 5
, ,