Methyl Bromide Alternatives To Manage Nutsedge

Culpepper and Langston

GFVGA Annual Meeting

Methyl Bromide Alternatives

Focus: PEPPER, eggplant, tomato

1. Fumigants

2. Herbicides

Fumigant Alternatives

Telone II

Chloropicrin

Telone C-35

Vapam, Sectagon

K-PAM

Various Combinations

2001 Spring Pepper Trial. Lewis Taylor Farms.

1. Bromide (300 lb/A)2. Telone C-35 (20 GPA)3. Telone C-35 (35 GPA)4. Vapam (37 GPA)5. Vapam (75 GPA)6. Vapam (25 GPA) + C-35 (10 GPA)7. Vapam (37 GAP) + C-35 (20 GPA)8. Non-treated

*All rates applied broadcast per acre.

Telone/chloropicrinTelone/chloropicrin

Vapam tankVapam tank

nitrogen pressure sourcenitrogen pressure source

Telone/chloropicrin injection knivesTelone/chloropicrin injection knives

ptoptodrivendrivenrototillerrototiller

Telone/chloropicrin injection knivesTelone/chloropicrin injection knives

rototiller bladesrototiller blades

nozzles for Vapamnozzles for Vapam

Yellow Nutsedge Response to Fumigants in Pepper. Lewis Taylor Farm. 2001.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

# of

pla

nts

/yd

sq

none

MB (300 lb)

C35 (20 G

)C

35 (35 G)

MS (37 G

)M

S (75 G)

C35 (10 G

) + MS (25 G

)

C35 (20 G

) + MS (37 G

)

MB = bromide, MS = metam sodium, Pic = chloropicrin.

LSD = 1.8; data pooled over herbicide treatments.

2001 Results

1. Bromide (300 lb/A)

2. Co-Application of C-35 + Vapam

3. Telone C-35

*All rates applied broadcast per acre.

2002 Spring Tomato Trial. Meeks Farms, Coffee County*.

1. Bromide (375 lb/A)2. Chloropicrin (282 lb/A)3. Telone II (10 GPA) followed by chloropicrin (150 lb)4. Vapam (56 GPA)5. Vapam (75 GPA)6. Telone C-35 (18 GPA)7. Telone C-35 (36 GPA)8. Telone C-35 (18 GPA) + Vapam (37 GPA)9. Telone C-35 (18 GPA) + Vapam (56 GPA)10. Non-treated

*All rates applied broadcast per acre.

Yellow Nutsedge Response to Fumigants in Tomato. Coffee County. 2002.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

# of

pla

nts

/yd

sq

none

MB (375 lb)

C35 (18 G

)C

35 (36 G)

MS (56 G

)M

S (75 G)

C35 (10 G

) + MS (37 G

)

C35 (20 G

) + MS (56 G

)

LSD = 0.99.

MB = bromide, MS = metam sodium, Pic = chloropicrin.

T2 (10 G) fb Pic (150)

Pic (282 lb)

2001 Results

1. Bromide (300 lb/A)

2. Co-Application of C-35 + Vapam

3. Telone C-35

*All rates applied broadcast per acre.

2002 Spring Results

1. Bromide (375 lb/A)

2. Chloropicrin or Telone II fb chloropicrin

3. Telone C-35 (high rate)

Non-treated C-35 Broadcast C-35 In Bed

25 GPA 35 GPA

Photos taken from Florida Field Day. Bill Stall, 2000.

2002 Fall Pepper Trial. TyTy, GA*.

1. Bromide (300 lb/A) in bed2. Telone II broadcast (12 GPA) followed by

chloropicrin (150 lb/A) in bed 1 wk later3. Telone II prebed (12 GPA) followed by chloropicrin

(150 lb/A) in bed4. Telone C-35 (35 GPA) in bed5. Telone C-35 (35 GPA) prebed6. Telone C-35 (35 GPA) prebed fb chloropicrin (150

lb/A) in bed7. Telone C-35 (18 GPA) + K-PAM (46 GPA) prebed

*All rates applied broadcast per acre.

Nutsedge Response to Fumigants in Pepper. 33 d After Fumigating. TyTy, 2002.*

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

# of

pla

nts

/yd

sq

none

MB (300 lb)

C35 (35 G

) in bed

C35 + K

PAM

LSD = 0.76.

MB = bromide, BC = broadcast, C35 = Telone C35, Pic = chloropicrin.

T2 prebed fb pic

C35 (35 G

) prebed

T2 BC fb pic

C35 fb pic

Nutsedge Response to Fumigants in Pepper. 81 d After Fumigating. TyTy, 2002.*

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

# of

pla

nts

/yd

sq

none

MB (300 lb)

C35 (35 G

) in bed

C35 + K

PAM

LSD = 2.5

MB = bromide, BC = broadcast, C35 = Telone C35, Pic = chloropicrin.

T2 prebed fb pic

C35 (35 G

) prebed

T2 BC fb pic

C35 fb pic

2001 Results1. Bromide (300 lb/A)2. Co-application of C-35 + Vapam3. Telone C35

2002 Spring Results1. Bromide (375 lb/A)2. Chloropicrin or Telone II fb chloropicrin3. Telone C-35 (high rate)

2002 Fall Results1. Bromide (300 lb/A)2. Telone C-35 prebed fb chloropicrin3. Telone C-35 in bed4. Telone II broadcast fb chloropicrin

Non-treated Telone II fb Chloropicrin

Nutsedge Response to Fumigants. TyTy, GA. Fall 2002.

Nutsedge Response to Fumigants. TyTy, GA. Fall 2002.

Telone C-35 Prebed Telone C-35 + K-PAM

Soil Properties and Application Method Will Play A Crucial Role

Picture provided by Tony Weiss, Dow Agro.

Acceptable LONG-TERM Methyl Bromide Alternatives will likely

Require Herbicide Input

Two herbicide options in tomato

1. Tillam

2. Sandea

Sandea - Tomato(Section 3 Label Soon)*

– 0.5 to 0.75 oz following final bed shaping and just prior to laying plastic. Do not transplant for at least 7 d after treatment.

– 0.5 to 0.75 oz POST no sooner than 14 d after transplant. Directed application suggested.

Tomato and Nutsedge Response to Sandea Applied Topically. TyTy, 2002.

Sandea 0.67 oz/A POST Non-treated

Sandea - tomato(Section 3 Label Soon)*

– 5 trials conducted in GA during 2000, 2001, 2002.

– No visual injury

– No maturity effect

– No yield effect

– No grade effect

Cooperative work with Joel Hudgins, Decatur County.

Sandea (0.5 oz/A) topical

Non-treated

Pepper and eggplant is a different story.

Non-treated Sandea (0.5 oz/A)

applied under plastic

Pepper Yields with Sandea Applied Under Plastic. Jumbo - Total Yield.

0

600

1200

1800

2400

3000

None 0.5 oz/A 0.75 oz/A 1 oz/A

box

/A

Lewis Taylor Farms, Tifton, 2001.

Pepper and Eggplant

– Sandea for row middles*

– Otherwise, working on getting herbicides

labeled

*Label anticipated in the near future.

Nutsedge Response to Fumigant/Herbicide Combinations in Pepper. 81 d After

Fumigating. TyTy, 2002.*

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

# of

pla

nts

/yd

sq

none

MB (300 lb)

C35 in bed + herb

LSD = 2.5

MB = bromide, BC = broadcast, C35 = Telone C35, Pic = chloropicrin.

T2 prebed fb pic + herb

C35 prebed + herb

C35 fb pic + herb

Methyl Bromide Critical Use Exemption