methods of observation
DESCRIPTION
Methods of Observation. 1. Define Target Beh 2. Gather Info about beh. Recall. 1. Outcome recording 2. Event recording 3. Interval recording 4. Time Sample REcording. Methods. * Beh produces unique result * Define the beh in terms of whether or not it occurred. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Methods of ObservationMethods of Observation
![Page 2: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
RecallRecall
![Page 3: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
MethodsMethods
![Page 4: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Outcome RecordingOutcome Recording
![Page 5: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Event RecordingEvent Recording
![Page 6: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Interval RecordingInterval Recording
![Page 7: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Time Sample Time Sample RecordingRecording
![Page 8: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Reliability and Validity of Reliability and Validity of Everyday ObservationsEveryday Observations
![Page 9: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Reliability & ValidityReliability & Validity
Reliability: consistency in results; Reliability: consistency in results; accuracyaccuracy Repeated observations over timeRepeated observations over time Compare observations by more than 1 Compare observations by more than 1
observerobserver More agreement more reliabilityMore agreement more reliability
Validity: measuring what you think Validity: measuring what you think you’re measuringyou’re measuring Make use of outside observersMake use of outside observers
Does beh look like everyday instance?Does beh look like everyday instance?
![Page 10: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Experimental MethodsExperimental Methods
Single-subject experimentSingle-subject experiment Presenting and withholding treatment Presenting and withholding treatment
(the actual beh modification technique)(the actual beh modification technique) Study one person repeatedly over timeStudy one person repeatedly over time
Establishes baselineEstablishes baseline Established reliabilityEstablished reliability Rules out alternative explanationsRules out alternative explanations
![Page 11: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Comparison (AB) DesignComparison (AB) Design
Baseline (A) Treatment (B)
DAYS
NumberOf Beh
•One baseline phase ; one treatment phase•Does not rule out alternative explanations for change in beh
![Page 12: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ABA Reversal DesignABA Reversal Design
DAYS
•One baseline phase ; one treatment phase; back to baseline phase•DOES rule out alternative explanations for change in beh
Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A)
Num
ber
Of
Beh
![Page 13: Methods of Observation](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062810/56815a6b550346895dc7c674/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ABAB Multiple Reversal ABAB Multiple Reversal DesignDesign
DAYS•One baseline phase ; one treatment phase; back to baseline phase; another
Treatment phase•DOES rule out alternative explanations for change in beh•Can be used to compare two behaviors (see pg 91)
Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A) Treatment (B)
Num
ber
Of
Beh