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Methods of CommunicationOralismone method of teaching a deaf child; this method does not allow the child to sign in or out of the classroomit focuses on teaching the children to read speech cues, and focuses on teaching deaf people to speak instead of sign.it is the education of Deaf students through oral language by using lip reading, speech and mimicking the mouth shapes and breathing patterns of speech instead of using sign language within the classroom.

Justification and Advantages of OralismMany parents have begun to recognize the need for sign when the child is young, but still want their children to be mainstreamed and receive the training to learn speak and lip-read so their children can fit into a hearing society.Oralism tried to make it possible for the deaf people to function normally in society.Some advocates for oralism pointed at the higher reading levels of students who were taught with oralism methods over those who were taught using manualism. Oralism promises Deaf individuals steady jobs and careers in a dominantly non-Deaf society.Disadvantages of OralismIt was a hindrance to the deaf culture continuing to grow and develop.Not everything that is being said by the parent will get by the deaf child only 30 to 35 percent of the information will be understand.The amount of time and effort that is required to achieve results.Deaf students were unable to speechread their teachers when they moved around the classroom or faced the blackboard.

Total CommunicationIt is an educational philosophy of communication and not a method.It is a number of sign systems, such as cued speech, were developed to convey manual representations of English sentence structure along with spoken language.It is simultaneous communication and is the most common form of communication used in educational settings for Deaf children.

It is often the first approach recommended because it encourages a child to use evry available mode of communication to both receive and convey messages.All of the system basically follow the share of the same features.1. they generally familiarize themselves with some ASL or FSL for vocabulary2. to convey grammatical concepts, that are not expressed by separate signs language they invent new signs3. they also produce sentences that copy the syntactic structure of English

Advantages of Total CommunicationIt can provide a safety net for children who have difficulty following oral methods by using English that is supported by sign.It opens all roads and modes of communication for the Deaf child It allows flexibility without eliminating any options.It allows the child to choose the form that is best for them in a given situation.It also allows the child some form of expressive communication. Total communication requires daily activities of auditory training and listening techniques within every academic classroom interaction. Total communication also means providing a consistent, functional and professional acoustical amplification. It is imperative for the audiologist to be a part of the hearing impaired classroom team.

One of the big disadvantages associated with Total Communication is that it tends to limit a childs language experience. Children are never exposed to complex English or complexASL.Educational BilingualBilingual education is an approach to the education of deaf children which uses both the sign language of the deaf community and the written/spoken language of the hearing community.*Individuals, who are Deaf, are consideredbilingualif they are able to communicate effectively in both American Sign Language and English.*They are consideredbiculturalif they are capable of functioning in both the Deaf community and the majority culture.

Justification of Educational BilingualismIt is modeled after English/Filipino as a second language and foreign language interest program.This program have admiration for both ASL/FSL and English/Filipino.ASL/FSL is used as the primarily language of instruction in order to introduce it as the childs first language or the mother tongue.Deaf culture is an important aspect to the curriculum.English language skills are taught after proficiency in ASL/FSL is reached. This approach is for all children, no matter what there hearing loss is, but these programs are usually not to be found in mainstreaming, but in residential and day schools.Advantage of Educational Bilingualism Early contact to comprehensible language, such as ASL/FSL, helps early cognitive development. This promotes increased literacy and greater academic achievement.Students who attend Educational Bilingualism programs develop functional skills in two languages.The emphasis of early language acquisition and establishing ASL/FSL, as their first language, provides a base, in which English is later taught.Students in Educational Bilingualism programs have an increased self-esteem and confidence because of the healthy view of Deaf children and their acceptance of who they are, as well as the increased confidence to function in b environments.

Disadvantages of Educational Bilingualism Bilingual education is an ineffective when the program itself is bad and it will give negative results.Those who dont know English may hold certain classes up because teacher have to take extra time with them and those who know or speak English dont get the full benefit of an education because the teacher is taking to much time with the slower students.Role of Communication and EducationTo enable deaf children to become linguistically competentTo provide access to a wide curriculum To facilitate good literacy skillsTo provide deaf pupils with a positive sense of their own identity

'No Child Left Behind' requires states and school districts to ensure that all students are learning and are reaching their highest potential. Special education students should not be left out of these accountability mechanisms.Dianne Feinstein

Thank you

Reported by:Aileene B. PanoJoanne DumanayosMel Yza Sunga