ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.10-2003

Flowmeter Test

Methods for Mass

Flow Measurement of

Volatile RefrigerantsApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on Janu-ary 25, 2003; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on Janu-ary 30, 2003; and by the American National StandardsInstitute on April 3, 2003.

ASHRAE Standards are updated on a five-year cycle; thedate following the standard number is the year of ASHRAEBoard of Directors approval. The latest copies may bepurchased from ASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 TullieCircle NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:orders@ashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for or-ders in U.S. and Canada).

©Copyright 2003 American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

ISSN 1041-2336

When addenda or interpretations to this standard havebeen approved, they can be downloaded free of chargefrom the ASHRAE web site at http://xp20.ashrae.org/stan-dards/addenda.htm or http://xp20.ashrae.org/standards/intpstd.htm.

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SPECIAL NOTE

This American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of the AmericanSociety of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Consensus is defined by the American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved this standard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reachedby directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrence of more than a simple majority, but not necessarilyunanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that an effort be made toward their resolution.”Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliance mandatory through legislation.

ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and publicreview.

ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. TheProject Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAEmembers, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interestson all Project Committees.

The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard,d. permission to reprint portions of the Standard.

ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the public by offering a uniform method of

testing for rating purposes, by suggesting safe practices in designing and installing equipment, by providing proper definitions of this equipment, and by providing other information that may serve to guide the industry. The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined by the need for them, and conformance to them is completely voluntary.

In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, eitherstated or implied, that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.

DISCLAIMER

ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of availableinformation and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety orperformance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standardsor Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2002-2003

Thomas E. Watson, ChairVan D. Baxter, Vice-ChairCharles G. ArnoldDean S. BorgesPaul W. CabotCharles W. Coward, Jr.Brian P. DoughertyHakim ElmahdyArthur D. HallstromMatt R. HarganRichard D. HermansStephen D. Kennedy

David E. KnebelFrederick H. KohlossWilliam J. Landman

Merle F. McBrideRoss D. Montgomery

Cyrus H. NasseriDavor Novosel

Dennis A. StankeMichael H. Tavares

Steven T. TaylorDavid R. Tree

Terry E. Townsend, COMaureen Grasso, ExO

Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards

ASHRAE Standard Project Committee 41.10 Cognizant TC: TC 8.1, Positive Displacement Compressors

SPLS Liaison: Charles G. Arnold

Richard L. Hall, Chair* Prakash Pandeya*

James L. Douglas* Mark W. Paquette*

Richard J. Dunklau* Joseph W. Pillis*

Georgi S. Kazachki* Dean H. Rizzo*

Alexander D. Leyderman* Bert Stenzel*

John A. O’Brien* Michael A. Wegenka*

*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

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ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.10-2003

Flowmeter Test Methods for Mass Flow Measurement of Volatile Refrigerants

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© Copyright 2003 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.

1791 Tullie Circle NE

Atlanta, GA 30329

www.ashrae.org

All rights reserved.

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2 ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 41.10-2003

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a stan-dard and may contain material that has not been subjectto public review or a consensus process.)

FOREWORD

Selecting an appropriate refrigerant mass flowmeter forperforming measurements in accordance with this standardcan be a daunting task given the wide variety of operatingprinciples, measurement precision, and costs of commercialproducts. Some meters can be used for either liquids or gases;other meters can be used for only one or the other. Consider-able pressure losses are inherent in some approaches, but thepressure losses in some other types of meters are very smalland often negligible. Useful basic information can be found inthe 2001 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 14,“Measurements and Instruments,” and in various textbooksthat focus on measurement technology. Once a meter has beenselected, the user may need to consult with the meter manufac-turer regarding installation specifics, operating range limits,calibration limits, and other similar performance specifics inorder to obtain the expected measurement accuracy.

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This standard provides recommended practices for themeasurement of mass flow rate of volatile refrigerants usingflowmeters.

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(a) This standard applies where the entire flow stream ofthe volatile refrigerant both enters and exits either asa “vapor only” or “liquid only” state.

(b) This standard covers all refrigerants listed in the2001 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals1 andANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997, Designation andSafety Classification of Refrigerants.2

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The following definitions apply to the terms used in thisstandard. Additional definitions are given in ASHRAE Termi-nology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, & Refriger-ation.3

bubble point temperature: a liquid-vapor equilibrium pointfor a volatile pure liquid or for a multicomponent mixture ofmiscible, volatile pure component liquids, in the absence ofnoncondensables, where the temperature of the mixture at adefined pressure is the minimum temperature required for avapor bubble to form in the liquid.

dew point temperature: a vapor-liquid equilibrium point fora volatile pure liquid or for a multicomponent mixture ofmiscible, volatile pure component liquids, in the absence ofnoncondensables, where the temperature of the mixture at adefined pressure is the maximum temperature required for aliquid drop to form in the vapor.

error: the difference between the true value of the quantitymeasured and the observed value. All errors in experimentaldata can be classified as one of two types: systematic (fixed)

errors or random (precision) errors. The terms accuracy andprecision are often used to distinguish between systematic andrandom errors. A measurement with small systematic errors issaid to be unbiased. A measurement with small random errorsis said to have high precision. A measurement that is unbiasedand precise is said to be accurate.

fixed error: same as systematic error.

flowmeter: a device employing a detecting element that deter-mines the flow rate of a volatile refrigerant in the gaseous orliquid phase within a closed conduit by measuring a suitableresponse of the detecting element.

oil circulation rate: the ratio of the mass of lubricant circu-lating through a refrigerant system to the total mass of refrig-erant and lubricant flowing through the system at a specifiedset of operating conditions.

precision error: same as random error.

random error: an error that causes readings to take randomvalues on either side of a mean value. The random error isquantified based on how well an instrument can reproducesubsequent readings for an unchanging input. Random errorscannot be corrected through calibration.

subcooling: at a defined pressure, the difference between agiven liquid temperature and the bubble point temperature.

superheat: at a defined pressure, the difference between agiven vapor temperature and the dew point temperature.

systematic error: an error that persists and cannot be consid-ered as due entirely to chance. Systematic errors can becorrected through calibration.

test article: a compressor, condensing unit, or other apparatusfor which volatile refrigerant mass flow rates are measuredusing this standard.

uncertainty: an estimated value for the error in a measure-ment, which may be the result of both systematic and randomerror. Because only random errors can be treated by statisticalmethods, and only systematic errors can be corrected throughcalibration, uncertainty computed using this standard wouldresult from random errors.

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QKN Operating State—Gaseous or Liquid QKNKN Gaseous refrigerant flowmeters can be applied

where the entire flow stream of the volatile refrigerant entersand exits in a “vapor only” state.QKNKO Liquid refrigerant flowmeters can be applied where

the entire flow stream of the volatile refrigerant enters andexits in a “liquid only” state.

QKO Flowmeter Operating PrinciplesThe 2001 ASHRAE Handbook — Fundamentals,4 Chap-

ter 14, “Measurements and Instruments,” describes severaldiverse physical principles that can be used for measuring

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