method and art of ansel adams arhi 198 directed reading professor tad beckman gautam thatte,...
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Method and Art ofAnsel Adams
ARHI 198 Directed ReadingProfessor Tad Beckman
Gautam Thatte, 11/22/2002
Overview How and when was Ansel Adams
introduced to photography? The shift from pictorialism to
modernism What was Group f/64? Technical Legacy of Ansel Adams Examining some photographs
Introduction to Photography Was first introduced to it in the 1915 San
Francisco Panama Pacific Int’l Exposition Took pictures of Yosemite on his first trip
there using his Kodak #1 Box Brownie Part-time work with a photo-finisher for two
winters comprised his photographic schooling
In 1921, some of his photos were published in a Yosemite magazine and even sold there
Adams gave up the pictorialist approach by 1925, and in the spring of 1926, met an ardent patron in Albert Bender
In 1927, Adams published his first portfolio, Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras
Why black and white photography?
He never processed his color films or made his own color prints
“Rarely would an image fit the camera format so perfectly that Adams felt no change was necessary”
About In Color, colleague Al Weber remarked only twelve out of fifty prints, over forty years, warranted printing
Pictorialism to Modernism
Hand of Man (Stieglitz, 1902)
Wheels (Sheeler, 1939)
Influencing Factors Visited the artist colonies in Santa
Fe and Taos in the late 1920s Stieglitz and Steichen introduced
modern European art as early as 1909Cubism was an important influence; it was being
better understood and mimicked through the photographic medium. This geometric influence yielded machinery and city architecture, and numerous close-ups and severely cropped views.
- Rosenblum
Met Paul Strand in Taos. He showed Adams his negatives and this “caused Adams to finally commit to photography as a career”
Also met John Marin and Georgia O’Keefe in Taos and inherited the idea of using indigenous American elements as subjects
Edward Weston converted to straight photography years before Adams did; his works were an inspiration, but his vegetables seem contrived until Adams photographed Rose and Driftwood
Group f/64 Forming Group f/64 was the idea of
Willard Van Dyke and Preston Holder Saw that their colleagues better
understood the modernist principles through their art; Ansel in the Sierras, Imogen Cunningham’s plant and nude forms, and their belief that Weston’s work was superior to that of Strand
Pure photography did not mean no manipulation; it was agreed that negatives and prints could be manipulated as long as a prescribed list of techniques considered to be photographic in nature was used. The choice of lens could alter spatial relations and relative scale. The tonal contrast of the negative could be enhanced or diminished during development. Dodging and burning during the printing of the image could lighten or darken specific areas of the photograph. But all of these techniques could be used only to a limited degree, so that they did not interfere with the essence of the reality of the scene before the photographer.
The Group f/64 Manifesto
Did Adams photograph only landscapes?
Rose and Driftwood and other portraits
Commercial assignments for Polaroid and United States Potash Documentary
photography including the Manzanar relocation camps, and Three Mormon Towns
Technical Legacy of Adams Explained visualization, the zone
system (with Fred Archer) and printing Attempted to make his photographs
and his teaching available Books included Making a Photograph,
the Basic Photo Series and Examples: The Making of 40 Photographs
Visualization The conscious process of projecting the final
photographic image in the mind before taking the first steps in actually photographing the subject
Adams recognized that visualization is not arcane and is intuitive for many people, and wrote the Basic Photo Series to refine the process for those who were familiar with it, and to assist those individuals who strive to create aesthetically pleasing photographs
Requires technical knowledge of all the resources available when taking the photograph; lenses, filters, light meters etc
The Zone System The Zone System divides the
range of tones produced by a printing paper into ten zones ranging from Zone 0 (pure black) to Zone IX (pure white), with Zone V representing middle gray
Assists in deciding which elements of a photograph should consist of detail
Representation of a wider range of zones is high-contrast
http://www.sentex.net/~sfinlay/technique1.htm
An excellent example of representing every zone
AspensNorthern New Mexico, 1958
Printing Process Had an excellent mastery over the
technical aspects of photography He experimented with various
papers, and development techniques from the very beginning
Believed that photographs should be reproducible and at the same quality
Photographs of Ansel Adams
“ Moonrise represents the product of a series of conscious interpretive decisions by the photographer, not simply the record of a beautiful scene. At each stage of the process, Adams applied his technical mastery of the medium to create an image that would convey the emotions he felt.”
Jonathan Spaulding
Monolith, The Face of Half Dome
Image was Adams’ first conscious visualization
Knew after the first exposure that the effect he wanted would be achieved by using a red filter
Moonrise, Hernandez
Most popular image
Could not find his Weston exposure meter!
Resulted in only one negative
Did not accurately date this photograph
Mount Williamson, Manzanar
Site of the Manzanar Relocation Camp
Was a very high-contrast image and printing was rather difficult at first
Is this a real photo?
References Alinder, Mary Street. Ansel Adams, A
Biography Spaulding, Jonathan. Ansel Adams and
the American Landscape Seeing Straight: f.64. Essays by Naomi
Rosenblum and Therese Thau Heyman