MetalsStructure and bonding

Table of contents• Metals• Metallic bonding & Metal’s structure• Giant Metallic Lattice• Properties• Place in periodic table

Metals--is a solid material (an element, compound, or

alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and

features good electrical and thermal conductivity.

Metallic bonding & Metal’s stricture

Metallic bonding is occurs in Metals. It is the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalized electrons.

A giant metallic lattice is a three-dimensional structure of positive ions and delocalized electrons, bonded together by strong metallic bonds.

Giant Metallic Lattice

A giant metallic lattice is often referred to as a

lattice of positive ions fixed in position and surrounded by a sea of electrons. The electrons are delocalized

and can move.

PropertiesThere are three main properties of giant metallic lattice structure:• High melting point and boiling point• Good electrical conductivity• Malleability and ductility

High melting point and boiling point

Most metals have high malting and boiling point.(except Mercury(Hg), its

melting point is -38.83 °C) The electrons are free to move throughout the

structure, but the positive ions remain where they are. The attraction between

the positive ions and negative delocalized electrons is strong. High

temperature are needed to break the metallic bonds are dislodge the ions from

their rigid positions within the lattice. Metals can have 600-1600°C melting

point.

Good electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of electricity. The delocalized electrons can move freely anywhere

within the metallic lattice. This allows the metal to conduct electricity, even in the solid state.

Malleability and ductility

Metals are ductile and malleable.

Ductile means: can be drawn out or stretched. Ductility permits metals to be

drawn into wires.

Copper Wire

Malleability and ductility

Malleable means: can be hammered into shape. Many metals can be

pressed into shapes or hammered out into thin sheets.

Malleability and ductility

The delocalized electrons are largely responsible for this properties. Because they can move, the

metallic structure has a degree of give, which allows atoms or layers to slide past each other.

Place in periodic table

Place in periodic table

Each vertical columns in periodical table is called a group, and contains element with similar properties. So almost all metals are in 1st , 2nd and 3rd groups.

Each horizontal row is called a period. Across each period, elements change from metal to non-metal. As you move down the Periodic Table, this change takes place further to the right. So, trends in properties can exist vertically down a group as well as horizontally across a period.