metabolisme protein-asam amino uni 2012
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Dietary protein
Body protein Synthesis of nonessential amino acids
Amino acids pool
Body protein Synthesis of :
Porphyrins Creatine
Ammoniak Ureum Neurotransmitter Purines Pyrimidines others
Glucose Ketone bodies
CO2
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Sumber asam amino :• 1. Protein dalam makanan
• 2. Proses synthesa asam amino nonessential
(transaminasi terhadap metabolite)
• 3. Degradasi protein tubuh
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Kegunaan asam amino :• 1. Membentuk protein yang dibutuhkan• 2. Membentuk biomolekul
(derivat asam amino)• 3. Membentuk glukosa • 4. Membentuk badan-badan keton
• 5. Menghasilkan energy
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Jenis asam amino :
Essential : Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
Tryptophan, Valin
Nonessential :Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Hydroxylysine,
Hydroxyproline
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Asam amino : C, H, O, N.
Atom C nya berasal dari :Metabolite proses glykolysaMetabolite proses penthosephosphat cycleMetabolite proses Krebs cycle
Enzym-enzym yang berperan, banyak, misalnya :1. Glutamat dehydrogenase2. Glutamin synthetase, dll.
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Pyruvate AlanineOxaloacetate AspartateAspartate AsparagineD3-Phosphoglycerate SerineGlyoxylate GlutamateAlanine GlycineCholineSerineGlutamate Proline, ArginineMethionine Serine CysteinePhenylalanine Tyrosine
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Gugus -Amino : NH3 Urea (dibuang melalui Urine)
Rangka atom C nya Metabolite tertentu seperti Pyruvat, Oxaloacetat, dll
(diproses melalui siklus Krebs)
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Pemisahan gugus -Amino :
(berlangsung di hepar) • Transaminasi (Enzim Aminotransferase
dan Coenzim Vit. B6)• menggunakan -Ketoglutarat• menghasilkan Glutamat• deaminasi oksidatif (Enzim Glutamate
dehydrogenase)
• membebaskan Ammonia (NH4+)
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COO –R CH2
CH2 HC-HN4
+ + O=CCOO –
COO - -Amino acid - Ketoglutarate
R COO – CH2
C=O + CH2 H4N+-CH
COO - COO –-Keto acid Glutamate
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Ditemukan (1932) oleh Hans Krebs dan Kurt Henseleit
Proses detoksifikasi terhadap NH3 Dimulai dengan pembentukan Carbamoyl
Phosphate : Enzym Carbamoyl phosphat synthetase I
CO2 + NH4 + 2 ATP + H2O Carb. Ph + 2 ADP + Pi + 3 H+
Siklus Urea berhubungan dengan Siklus Krebs(Fumarat Malat Oxaloacetat)
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Urea CycleUrea Cycle
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• Carbamoyl phosphate :
– CO2 + NH4+
– Berlangsung di mitochondria– Membutuhkan N-acetylglutamate sbg
allosteric activator– Enzym : Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
• Arginase :– Hanya di jaringan hepar– Memecah Arginine menjadi Urea dan Ornithine
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Membentuk 7 jenis molekul Metabolit :
1. Pyruvat
2. Acetyl Co-A
3. Acetoacetyl Co-A,
4. - Ketoglutarat
5. Succinyl Co-A
6. Fumarat
7. Oxaloacetat
Dari metabolite yang terbentuk
Asam Amino Glukogen dan Ketogen
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3 At. C : Alanin, Serin, Cystein Pyruvat
4 At. C : Aspartat dan Asparagin Oxaloacetat
5 At. C : Glutamin, Prolin, Arginin, Histidin
Glutamat - KetoglutaratMethionin, Isoleucin dan Valin
Succinyl Co-APhenylalanin dan Tyrosin
Acetoacetat dan Fumarat
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Tyrosine dihidroksilasi menjadi DOPA Dekarboksilasi terhadap DOPA membentuk
Dopamine Hidroksilasi terhadap Dopamine membentuk
Norepinephrine Methylasi terhadap NE membentuk
Epinephrine Oksidasi terhadap DOPA oleh Tyrosinase (Cu)
menjadi Dopaquinone Melanin
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Glycine Porphyrin Heme Tryptophan 5 Hydroxytryptophan
melalui dekarboksilasi
5 Hydroxytryptamin (Serotonin) Histidin Histamin Glutamat Glutathion (GSH) Aspartat dan Glutamin Purine
dan Pyrimidine
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• Phenylketonuria (PKU) : Enzim Phenylalanine hydroxylase
• Albinism : Tyrosinase Melanin (-)
• Alkaptonuria : Homogentisate oxidase
• Parkinson’s disease :penurunan produksi dopamine oleh Substantia Nigra dan Locus coeruleus
• Mapple syrup urine disease : -keto acid decarboxylase