metabolism powerpoint

7/27/2019 Metabolism Powerpoint

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METABOLISM


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Look at the picture !

What are theydoing?

What must they

have to do that?


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Energy

Energy is the capacity of a

physical system to perform work

Forms of Energy

Is the capacity to cause change

Exists in various forms, of whichsome can perform work


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The First Law ofThermodynamics

According to the first law ofthermodynamics

Energy can be transferred andtransformed

Energy cannot be created ordestroyed


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Where can they get it?


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They getenergy fromfood

How can foodbe changedinto energy?


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Food changed into energy by

one of the metabolismprocess.


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METABOLISM

DIVIDE INTO

FACTORS

ANABOLISM

CATABOLISM

ENZYMES

SUBSTRATE

ATP


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METABOLISM

Metabolism is the

set of chemical

reactions that occur

in living organisms

to maintain life.

Metabolism is usually

divided into two

categories:

1. Catabolism

2. Anabolism


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Catabolism

- is the processes by which a living

organism obtains its energy troughbreaking down larger molecules intosmaller ones.- release energy (exergonic reaction)- E.g : cell respiration


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Exergonic and Endergonic Reactionsin Metabolism

An exergonic reaction

Proceeds with a net release of freeenergy and is spontaneous

Figure 8.6

Reactants

Products

Energy

Progress of the reaction

Amountofenergyreleased(G


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FOOD(BIG MOLECULES)

SMALL MOLECULES

ENERGY


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Anabolism

the processes by which energy and rawmaterials are used to buildmacromolecules To build components of cells such asproteins and nucleic acids. needs energy (endergonic reactions).

E.g: photosynthesis, protein synthesis


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ENERGY

BIG

MOLECULES

SMALL MOLECULES


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An endergonic reaction

Is one that absorbs free energy from itssurroundings and is nonspontaneous

Figure 8.6

Energy

Products

Amount ofenergyreleased(G>0)

Reactants

Progress of the reaction

Free

energy

(b) Endergonic reaction: energy required


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Factors affecting metabolism

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is thesubstance released energy inmetabolism process.


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The Structure andHydrolysis of ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Is the cells energy shuttle

Provides energy for cellular functions

Figure 8.8

O O O O CH2

H

OH OH

H

N

H H

O

NC

HC

N CC

N

NH2Adenine

RibosePhosphate groups

O

O O

O

O

O

-

- - -

CH


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Energy is released from ATP

When the terminal phosphate bond is

broken

Figure 8.9

P

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

H2O

+ Energy

Inorganic phosphate Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

PP

P PP i


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The Regeneration of ATPCatabolic pathways

Drive the regeneration of ATP from ADPand phosphate

ATP synthesis fromADP + P i requires energy

ATP

ADP + P i

Energy for cellular work(endergonic, energy-consuming processes)

Energy from catabolism(exergonic, energy yieldingprocesses)

ATP hydrolysis toADP + P i yields energy

Figure 8.12


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SUBSTANCES CHANGED INMETABOLISM PROCESS

(Such as Glucose in Glycolisis)

Substrate


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enzymes


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The chemical reaction of metabolism

need enzyme to accelerate a reaction.

What are enzymes ?
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/enzymetale.swfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/enzymetale.swf


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- Enzymes are proteins (tertiary and

quaternary structures as catalyst toaccelerate a reaction.

- Enzymes are specific for what they

will catalyst.- End in ase (ex:sucrase, lactase,

maltase)


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Enzym Characteristic

Act as catalystto accelerate a reaction Not permanently changed in the process.

Reusable

Enzym are unaffected by the reaction thatthey speed up.


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Enzymes

FreeEnergy

Progress of the reactions

Reactants

Products

Free energy of activation

Without Enzyme

With Enzyme


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maltase

Maltose glucose glucose

Is anenzyme


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Substrate

ENZYMEENZYME-SUBSTRATE

ENZYME

Product


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Evaluation Seluruh reaksi kimia di dalam tubuh organisme disebut .

Proses pemecahan molekul besar menjadi molekul yang lebih kecildisebut.

Jika ATP dipecah menjadi ADP dan P akan menghasilkan ..

Yang mengkatalis reaksi disebut.

Enzyme is a protein (True or false)

The processes by which energy and raw materials are used to build

macromolecules is.. Enzyme will change permanently after being used (True or False)

Yang menurunkan energi aktivasi dalam suatu reaksi adalah ..


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Metabolisme

Katabolisme

Enzim True

Anabolism

False enzim

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