message from director general€¦ · mcm, organized the interna onal cycling tour of the sahel,...

MCM BULLETINA Magazine for Employees

Issue 18_1st half 2019

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MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR GENERAL

EITI, a Global Standard

In this issue:

Page 3: ..........................................................................................................................Message from Director GeneralPage 4: ...................................................................................................................................................................BriefsPage 5: ...................................................................................................................................................................BriefsPage 6: ...............................................................................................The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative Page 7: ..........................................................................................................Copper - A Metal Used Through The AgesPage 8: ..................................................................................................................................................Inside the GaragePage 9: ..................................................................................................................................................Inside the GaragePage 10: ............................................................................................Our Employees are at the Heart of our OperationsPage 11: ...................................................................................................................................Investing in CommunitiesPage 12: .........................................................................................................................Employees Making a DifferencePage 13: ..............................................................................................................................................Oriental First BlastPage 14: ........................................................................Literacy is at the core of MCM community development plansPage 15: ..............................................................................................................................Bulletin Guest-Ted KowalskiPage 16: ................................................................................................................................................................Sudoku

In the last edition of this publication, I highlighted the importance of adjusting our approach to running the business in light of dropping feed grades and increasing costs associated with mining at depth in order to ensure the operation remains viable and profitable. The overarching message was that whether the operation continues to run depends on the choices we make on costs, efficiencies and productivity – all of us.

Given the importance of our operation to ourselves as employees, the local community and the country, the gravity of our duty and the choices we make cannot be overstated. This message and the challenge this presents have been well received by the team. The key is to translate the ‘reception’ into tangible actions.

We have seen innovative ideas in safety with initiatives such as Visible-Felt-Leadership (VFL), Cross-Functional Visits (CFV) and Think-Fatal-Danger education campaigns starting to bear fruit in increasing work place safety and reducing property damage incidents. On the mining side, we have seen the commencement of in-pit dumping of waste, increased focus on mining fleet rationalization and improved supervision. All these have a significant positive impact on our costs. One the processing side, efforts around increasing SAG milling rate and debottlenecking the magnetite plant, and maintaining copper recoveries at high levels, even with decreasing copper grades, have also been encouraging to see.

We will need more of the foregoing to keep the business viable and profitable, as well addressing the current challenges i.e. improving gold recovery, stabilizing power and water supply. Work to address these has started with the installation and commissioning of CAT and Perkins engines (to replace the unreliable old power engines) nearly complete, and plans to install Falcon units on final tails (to increase gravity gold recovery) well advanced. Addressing the water supply challenge will require the input of all in sensitizing our community on water usage and eliminating wastage and the use of water for non-critical activities. Also,

I have no doubt other challenges will arise – as they always do!

As I have always pointed out the success of our business depends on the extent to which we apply our minds and the commitment to deliver on the ideas we come up with. As someone once said:

Our ‘company’ (edited) depends on us. It has no power on its own. We, the people, give it power - with our participa-tion, and the choices we make.

As individuals and collectively, we owe it to ourselves as employees, our local community and the nation to make choices that ensure the mine runs for the full scheduled Life of Mine.

Let me finish by thanking everyone for your support over the last 4 and a half years I spent at MCM. As I move to take up another role within FQML, I leave MCM with many good memories and the conviction that the operation will continue to operate successfully.

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MCM Bulletin_Issue 18_1st half 2019

3

MESSAGE FROM DIRECTOR GENERAL

ANTHONY MUKUTUMA DIRECTOR GENERALMAURITANIAN COPPER MINES

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4

BriefsBlood Bank Service

Support Courses Program 2019

MCM GM Petanque Cup 2019

A hospital center components would not be complete without a blood bank service, especially with high number of emergency cases regularly received. Since it was convert-ed into Akjoujt Hospital Center, it had not this crucial component un�l an official request made by Local Authori�es addressed to MCM in order to provide the equipment. First delivery took place in February 2019 and the second delivery took place in May, both deliveries comprise: centrifuge, blood bags refrigerator and agitator, mini vidas, ionograms analyser, blood bags centrifuge, blood sampling chair, auto-clave and a stock of consumable items.

Local authori�es and Akjoujt hospital center staff who a�ended the handover of these equipment, appreciated highly this dona�on which will improve significantly the services provided especially in emergency cases.

Ac�ng GM and the Wali of Inchiri region at the handing over ceremony

The 6th edi�on of MCM GM Petanque Cup, an event which every year brings together in Akjoujt a large number of Petanque lovers to compete and enjoy the game over two days took place on the 2nd and 3rd of March 2019 at the Community Liaison Office yard.This year, the tournament witnessed the par�cipa�on of 105 teams from Inchiri, Adrar, Tiris Zemour, Nouadhibou and Nouakcho�. For the first �me, a women team from Nouadhibou par�cipated and competed very well in this male dominated sport. Both -48 and +48 categories Cups were won by ATLANTIC club from Nouakcho� while the Consolante prize was won by MCM Club. Eighteen (18) trophies and rewards were distributed to other teams which won from second to eighth places with a special prize given to the lone women team in this tournament.It is worth no�ng that this event which has seen an important influx from Inchiri community is posi�vely impac�ng local economy.

For the second year, the Mauritanian Cycling Federa�on, in collabora�on with partners including MCM, organized the Interna�onal Cycling Tour of the Sahel, which runs on five legs, from Nouakcho� to Zouerate passing through Akjoujt and Atar.

2019 edi�on features the par�cipa�on of 15 teams from 10 African and European countries. The cyclists crossed more than 400km divided into five legs and they spent few hours res�ng in Akjoujt.

Interna�onal cycling tour of Sahel

Since MCM started its support courses program during the school year 2012-2013, the pass rate at primary and secondary levels has been improving progressively. The success of this program speaks for itself: almost 50% pass rate in the Baccalaureate exam in 2018. The key to this program’s success was a combina�on of many efforts made by MCM, Regional Office of Educa�on and Parents’ associa�on.

2018-2019 program was also a successful story, a�er 160 extra hours provided to candidates at each level and lots of monitoring visits carried out by MCM staff to evaluate the impact, the pass rate reached 54.37% at primary level.

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5

Briefs

MAURITANIDES 2018

Within the framework of promo�ng local business in Akjoujt and crea�ng more opportuni�es for women and youth, MCM organized a visit for a group of women to the main sewing and dyeing centers and markets in Nouak-cho� for three days. The group has seen the whole process of preparing products and the different quali�es and categories. They’ve also taken the opportunity to build rela�onships with products suppliers and traders in order to exchange with them their own products.

A�er the visit was completed, a stakeholder mee�ng was held in Akjoujt, in presence of the CSR team, to share the experience with the rest of women groups. The outcomes of the visit were highly appreciated by all a�endees.

Value Chain Analysis

Interna�onal Women Day

Every year, on 8th of March, women around the world celebrate Interna�onal Woman Day. Here in Akjoujt, MCM has always been present on the side of local women to celebrate together this great day.

MCM donated a financial support to the Regional Office of Social Affairs to help women coopera�ves organize an exhibi�on where they can present their tradi�onal products.

At MCM, every drop of water counts. Over few months, a part of water network pipeline in Akjoujt was con�nuously leaking which caused loss of impor-tant quan�ty of water. On a request from local authori�es, MCM completed replacement of all damaged pipe.

On a request from the Municipality of Bennichab, MCM has built two fiberglass tanks for water storage in an area close to Bennichab.Both tanks are of a storage capacity of 25m3 and they will be used for agriculture purposes.

Water network Rehabilita�on

Fiberglass Tanks in Bennichab

High School Rehabilita�on

The high school of Akjoujt is the highest educa�onal ins�tu�on in the region, built in 1978 and graduate students with Baccalaureate in (Mathema�cs, Sciences and Literature). In 2017, MCM began rehabilita�on and renova�on program for most of the school buildings (reconstruc�on of classrooms, WCs, pain�ng of classrooms and providing school tables).

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6

The Extrac�ve Industries Transparency Ini�a�ve (EITI) is the global standard to promote the open and accountable management of oil, gas and mineral resources.

As Oil, gas and minerals are strategic, nonrenewable resources; and their exploita�on involves major investments, the EITI has established a global standard to promote their open and accountable management. The EITI Standard requires the disclosure of informa�on along the extrac�ve industry value chain from the point of extrac�on, to how revenues make their way through the government, and how they benefit the public. By doing so, the EITI is aimed to strengthen public and corporate governance, promote understanding of natural resource management, and provide the data to the public. More than 60 countries all over the world are implemen�ng EITI standard. Each country implemen�ng ETIT standard has a na�onal EITI commi�ee which comprises representa�ves of all stakeholders Government, Civil Society and Extrac�ve Industry.

As a subsidiary of FQML, MCM has adhered to EITI standard since the beginning of its implementa�on in Mauritania (2006) and has always been an ac�ve member of Na�onal EITI commi�ee.

MCM has always submi�ed relevant data on �me to the independent Administrator who prepares the report showing what the companies declare as payment to the state and what the state confirms to be payments made by the companies. The Independent Administrator also

explains the origin of discrepancies if there are any with an emphasis on con�nuous improvement of the quality and content of the report.To cope with new Open Data standard, MCM was the first company in Mauritania to electronically submit its payments to the state in order to have them directly published on EITI Na�onal Commi�ee website or on the dedicated one once available.

The company has recently received a delega�on from EITI na�onal Commi�ee on its site and went through all the aspects of the opera�ons to make these guests aware of the impact of MCM on na�onal and local economy and the efforts the company is doing to promote sustainable development and preserve environment.

MCM will con�nue its contribu�on to promote and develop EITI Standard in Mauritania for an open and accountable management of the country’s mineral resources.

Aboubekrine ElemineCountry Manager

Extrac�veIndustriesTransparencyIni�a�ve

A Global Standard

The National Committee of EITI in a visit to MCM on February 26th 2019

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7

a Metal used through the AgesCOPPER

Copper was one of the first metals ever extracted and used by humans, and it has made vital contribu�ons to sustaining and improving society since the dawn of civiliza�on.In the Inchiri region, archeologists from CUPRUM project found what is believed to be copper extrac�on traces dated to roughly 3500 years ago.

Copper is easily stretched, molded, and shaped; is resistant to corrosion; and conducts heat and electricity efficiently. As a result, copper was important to early humans and con�nues to be a material of choice for a variety of domes�c, industrial, and high-technology applica�ons today.

How Do We Use Copper Today?

Presently, copper is used in building construc�on, power genera�on and transmission, electronic product manufacturing, and the produc�on of industrial machinery and transporta�on vehicles. Copper wiring and plumbing are integral to the appliances, hea�ng and cooling systems, and telecommunica�ons links used every day in homes and businesses. Copper is an essen�al component in the motors, wiring, radiators, connectors, brakes, and bearings used in cars and trucks. The average car contains 1.5 kilometers (0.9 mile) of copper wire, and the total amount of copper ranges from 20 kilograms (44 pounds) in small cars to 45 kilograms (99 pounds) in luxury and hybrid vehicles.Copper was one of the first metals used to make coins, and that prac�ce began in about 8000 BC.

This coin is a Roman follis featuring an image of Constantius I.

The world's produc�on (supply) and consump�on (demand) of copper have increased drama�cally in the past 25 years. As

large developing countries have entered the global market, demand for mineral commodi�es, including copper, has increased.Copper is one of the most widely recycled of all metals; approximately one-third of all copper consumed worldwide is recycled. Recycled copper and its alloys can be re-melted and used directly or further reprocessed to refined copper without losing any of the metal's chemical or physical proper�es.

What Properties Make Copper Useful?

The excellent alloying proper�es of copper have made it invaluable when combined with other metals, such as zinc (to form brass), �n (to form bronze), or nickel. These alloys have desirable characteris�cs and, depending on their composi�on, are developed for highly specialized applica�ons. For example, copper-nickel alloy is applied to the hulls of ships because it does not corrode in seawater and reduces the adhesion of marine life, such as barnacles, thereby reducing drag and increasing fuel efficiency. Brass is more malleable and has be�er acous�c proper�es than pure copper or zinc; consequently, it is used in a variety of musical instruments, including trumpets, trombones, bells, and cymbals.

Types of Copper Deposits

Copper occurs in many forms, but the circumstances that control how, when, and where it is deposited are highly variable. As a result, copper occurs in many different minerals. Chalcopyrite is the most abundant and economical-ly significant of the copper minerals.

Chile 5330

Peru 2390China 1860

U.S.

A. 1

270

Austr

alia 9

20

Congo 85

0

Mexico 755Zambia 755Indonesia 650Canada 620

Other 4300

Leading Copper Producers(Thousand Metric Tons)

www.geology.com

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8

“I talk to people about these heavy equipment, but it is difficult to describe how big they are” says garage employee, Mama-dou Yero Sow. The exis�ng pit is nearing 15 years of age, and some of the equipment used to load and haul are somewhat ‘long in the tooth’ as well.

MCM site has seen different genera-�ons of mobile equipment including an aging CAT truck from the 1970’s genera�on.

The fleet includes various specialized equipment to meet all pit and

process opera�ons requirements; excavators, haul trucks,

graders, dozers, water trucks, service trucks, forkli�s and drill rigs. In all, there are more than 90 pieces of mobile

equipment maintained by the garage crews.

“Keeping these machines running especially during the heat season is a bit of a challenge for the mechanics” says garage Manager, Baba Salihi.

““I talk to people about these heavy equipment, but it is difficult to describe how big they are”

32 equipment are serviced on weekly basisAround 17 mechanical intervention carried out every week by the garage crews32 equipment are serviced on weekly basisAround 17 mechanical intervention carried out every week by the garage crews

Inside the garageInside the garage

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The equipment that operate in the open pit and process plant are powered by hydraulic motors. “They’re not race cars, but they’re reliable” says Abou Diallo. “Every piece of equipment undergoes a regular maintenance check as part of the preventa�ve mainte-nance program,” adds Baba Salihi.

The mechanics check every system on each equipment including brakes, chassis, electrical systems and hydraulics. Employees at heavy equipment workshop rely some�mes on their collec�ve long term knowledge and the experience they have developed over the years when an equipment’s manual is disappeared or unavailable. The environ-ment in Guelb Moghrein mine is hard on vehicles. The process plant and concentrate areas are hot and dusty, and the open pit area is extremely hot for most of the year.

Every piece of equipment must be properly checked. “If a hose is loose, or there is a crack in an engine intake on a diesel powered forkli� or loader - an expensive diesel engine can be ruined in minutes,” says Mamadou Yero.

He’s the guy responsible for taking care of equipment bodies, and has just finished rebuilding parts of EX17 front and sides. He points to an almost completed excavator that underwent engine components replace-ment. “We rebuild the equipment body so the compo-nents are well protected” says Abou Diallo.

Equipment could come to the garage any�me, so the ground must be prepared. “We ensure housekeeping is always good and the area is safe” says housekeeping guy, Boukhari.

With main pit end looming, load and haul opera�ons will require less equipment in the near future and

some of the current machines will be due for re�rement. Garage employees will always remember the re�red equipment as old friends that they have nursed for a long �me. Regard-less, the garage crew are ready for the new challenges that come with the excitement of Oriental pit opera�ons.

Abou Diallo

Boukhari

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10

Abou stands just outside the open pit Dispatcher area

Bouha is pictured in the servers room

Our employees are at the heart of our operations

Abou’s story

One seasoned employee contribu�ng to our mining opera-�ons’ success is Abou N’gaide.Like many others in the mine, Abou has been constantly improving his skills in mining opera�ons and team leadership. “It has been the best experience in my career” says Abou. “I was here when we started mining the Guelb Moghrein

Occidental, and now we just started mining the Oriental”.With the technologies we use and the large equipment fleet, but it’s employee know-how and how we work together through years of mining experience that have posi�oned MCM for success.“Teamwork is the most important ingredient in a successful company” says Abou. “It takes a while to build a really strong team, but once you do, the way that team works together gives the opera�ons its winning edge.”

Another employee contribu�ng to the success of our opera-�ons here at Guelb Moghrein mine is Bouha El Mehdy. From an earlier point of his life, he knew that he wanted a career as an IT specialist and his choice to join MCM led to that dream being fulfilled.

Bouha first joined the company in the IT department in 2014 a�er comple�ng successfully an appren�ceship period. “Working for MCM was the best decision I made” he readily admits. “I am lucky to be doing a job that I love to do”.With the diversifica�on of IT technologies used at MCM since Bouha joined the team, his world is now full of challenges. Working on high IT technology with highly skilled team is helping Bouha refine and expand his high-tech skills – skills he will hold for the rest of his career.

Bouha’s story


11 www.mcmnews.com

Last year in Akjoujt district, MCM donated just under $300,000 to help support community develop-ment projects. The money we spend today in these projects, is the prosperity of our community we see tomorrow.

We encourage you to visit our website to learn more about our Donations & Sponsorship at:

h�ps://www.mcmnews.com/English/community-programs/default.aspx

MCM partnered with the local authorities of Inchiri region to improve access to water for human, livestock and agricultural use. The large number of boreholes drilled and equipped with solar pumping systems is a demonstration of MCM’s commit-ment to providing cheap access to water for local communities.

“MCM’s revolving loan fund has allowed us to create our own business, and will help us build a better future for our families” - Women groups

Investing in communities: In 2018, MCM donated just under $300,000 to fund projects that support access to water, health, education, small business and capacity building in Akjoujt.

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12

Copper and gold produc�on consumes lots of water, making the pipeline from Bennichab to Site a cri�cal component of its process here at Guelb Moghrein.

It takes about 0.30m3 of fresh water and 0.42m3 of saline water to process one ton of ore.

Fresh water used for Guelb Moghrein process plant is pumped from Bennichab aquifers located at 120km to the west from site, while the saline water is pumped from a saline aquifers located at 14 km to south-west from Bennichab. Both pipelines go through a primary pumping sta�on in Bennichab and two secondary pumping sta�ons at PK66 and PK20 from site.

Fresh water pipeline produces around 3400 m3 per day, 1200m3 are con�nuously transferred to Akjoujt town and approximately 400m3 are consumed over the 17 taps freely provided along the pipeline for nomadic communi-�es. Saline water is exclusively used for processing ore at the plant.

Pipeline maintenance crew is one of the busiest teams in the company, in addi�on to its responsibili�es on site, the crew must keep monitoring 254km of pipes. “Pipe leaks could occur anytime, anywhere at the pipeline and we have then to intervene immediately” pipe fi�er, Ahmed Samoury says. During the summer, the water consump�on increases dras�cally due to the high demand of people and livestock which exceeds 2000m3 of fresh water per day.

“Sometimes, we work 24 hours continuously to fix a leaking pipe so we keep supplying the plant and communi-ties” pipeline supervisor says. Water shortages that happen from �me to another, represent a huge impact on opera�ons. “The biggest challenge we ever face, is when leaks happen in soft sand area” Pipeline Supervisor Daha Seka says.

Employees Making a Difference

Pipeline crew, Sidi Jmeil, Ahmed Samoury, Abeid Moulane, Mahmoud Ba, Sid’Ahmed Cheibani, Daha Seka

MCM is the first Guelb Moghrein operator who used saline water for ore processing

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13

With the first blast on June 2nd 2019, MCM began development of Oriental pit at Guelb Moghrein mine.

The pit targets rela�vely high grade sulphide ore accessible at approximately 100 ver�cal meters below the Oriental hill. The current development strategy will involve nearly 15 months stripping of the oxide and waste cap on top of the sulphides, at which point mining of the sulphide ore will commence.

The oxide material contains gold and copper; it will be stockpiled separately from the waste to ensure acces-sibility and opportunity to extract value from this material at some point in �me in the future when processing op�ons are determined.

Total pit tonnes is approximately 13Mt with ~1.5Mt of sulphides at an average grade of 0.9% Cu. Access to and processing of the sulphides is expected to com-mence in Q3 2020. The final pit depth will be nearly 125 ver�cal meters from the top of the hill.

Oriental First Blast

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14

We are commi�ed to constantly improving the way we communicate with our stakeholders and employees. As part of this process, we would like to learn your opinion of MCM Bulle�n.In par�cular, we would like to be�er understand how you read MCM Bulle�n and how useful you find its content.

Using your opinion, we aim to improve both the content and format of MCM Bulle�n so that the informa�on we provide more accurately meets your expecta�ons.We would, therefore, be extremely grateful if you would spare five minutes to write your opinion and put it in the communica�on box at the main gate.

We do hope you can find the �me to par�cipate in this research as your input is valuable to us in helping to shape a publica�on a�uned to its readership.

DEAR MCM BULLETIN READER

Helping someone to read and write effec�vely or acquire the basic calcula�on skills, improves the future of everyone in society. Literacy is cri�cal to economic development as well as individual and community well-being, while Illiteracy, is an obstacle to a be�er quality of life, and can even breed exclusion and violence.

The Importance of Literacy to Economic Development

Our life-style and livelihoods are enhanced when our community members have be�er literacy levels. Effec�ve literacy skills open the doors to more educa�onal and employment opportuni�es so that people are able to pull themselves out of poverty and chronic underemployment.

MCM is convinced that a literate community is a dynamic community, convic�on that was transformed into ac�on since 2016 through an ambi�ous literacy program for the benefit of Akjoujt community. Four centers were opened

especially in the poor neighborhoods of Akjoujt to receive women who are willing to help themselves and eradicate illiteracy and poverty at once.

The curriculum at these centers focuses on wri�ng, reading, basic calcula�on, ci�zenship orienta�on and hygiene. So far, 325 women from poor neighborhoods of Akjoujt have already benefited from this program.

Addi�onally, and based on literacy program outcomes, MCM con�nued developing other programs for these groups of women. Small business development training enabled women improve the way they manage their own small business to increase benefice. Revolving loan fund program has significantly changed the living condi�ons of hundreds of families in Akjoujt through funding and developing commercial ac�vi�es.

MCM considers literacy as a crucial socioeco-nomic factor in poverty, and is working to support poor community’s groups and help them overcome illiteracy and poverty through a set of programs. The pass rate at MCM literacy centers reach every year around 70%, which means that we have more than 70 women joining the literate community every year.

LITERACY IS AT THE CORE OF MCM COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PLANS

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Though I was born in London, England, (I le� when I was 6 months old) I spent my forma�ve years in the US (to age 21). I a�ended school there to University level and studied Philology and Business Studies. I then moved to Europe, to Poland, a�er receiving a cultural exchange scholarship to study at the University of Warsaw.

My HR career spans over 40 years in interna�onal human resources, general management and administra�on with a focus on the Oil & Gas, Mining, Construc-�on & Engineering, and Logis�cs sectors. My career commenced in the US when I was appointed to the Mayor’s Office in New York as Execu�ve Assistant in 1975. HR and Management came later when a�er university, I was offered a posi�on in Poland in 1978, where I worked for a Bri�sh Construc�on and Engineering

Company near Warsaw on the construc-�on of a large PVC Complex.

Following this first foray into interna�on-al HR, I then embarked on a long HR and Management journey which took me to many countries. Some countries that I have lived and worked in: ini�ally in the US and then - 2 years in Algeria , Libya 4, UK 4, Saudi Arabia 10, Philippines 3.5, Belgium 1, Kazakhstan 5 years, Iraq 4, Dubai 1, Equatorial Guinea 1. My most recent posi�on was in the mining sector as Group HR Director for a large global mining group.

I would like to share with you what I believe are elements of a successful HR Strategy

1. Shaping clear and coherent policies to ensure that we adopt an approach that is in line with corporate values when dealing with our people.

2. Establishing solid employment rela�onship programs & prac�ces.

3. Providing comprehen-sive and focused Learn-ing & Development.

4. HSE is number 1 and we must produce an effec�ve program throughout the Group.

5. A fair and equitable Reward Program.

6. A focused Performance Management Program aligning individual objec�ves to corporate objec�ves.

7. A strong focus on Employee Rela�ons to create and maintain a good employee rela�ons Climate.

8. An Effec�ve Resourcing Plan to ensure that our Group’s human resources requirements are iden�fied and plans made for sa�sfying these requirements

I believe that in a healthy working environment, employees should expect:

A culture of strong leadership and clear accountability. The management team and the workforce should be agile and responsive and should proac�vely seek growth and improvement. There should be equal emphasis placed on strategy and planning for implementa�on at the execu�ve level and cascaded throughout the Group.

A healthy working environment allows for opportuni�es for innova�on and improvement which are readily generat-ed and recognized, evaluated and where appropriate, implemented. Our teams should be focused on sustainable growth and improvement and all Func�ons and Divisional Units must collaborate to drive overall performance.

Mutual respect is the strongest glue that propagates a healthy working environ-ment!

Bulletin GuestTed Kowalski-ROM Manager

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Last issue’s solution

ToughTough IntermediateIntermediate

The objective is to insert the numbers in the boxes to satisfy only one condition: each row, column and 3x3 box must contain the digits 1 through 9 exactly once.

7 8 5 9 3 1 6 2 4

6 2 4 7 8 5 9 3 1

9 3 1 6 2 4 7 8 5

5 7 8 1 4 9 3 6 2

3 9 6 5 7 2 1 4 8

1 4 2 8 6 3 5 7 9

2 5 7 3 1 8 4 9 6

8 6 9 4 5 7 2 1 3

4 1 3 2 9 6 8 5 7

5 2 8 1 7 4 9 3 6

7 6 9 5 2 3 8 1 4

1 4 3 8 6 9 7 5 2

2 7 5 9 4 1 3 6 8

4 8 1 6 3 7 5 2 9

3 9 6 2 8 5 4 7 1

9 5 2 7 1 8 6 4 3

6 3 7 4 9 2 1 8 5

8 1 4 3 5 6 2 9 7

1 6

6 5 8 7

3 9 6 5 1

3 6

7 5

9 7

2 1 7 5 6

9 8 1 2

6 5

8 3 4 6

4 3

6 1 8 2

4

3 9 8 2 7

8

3 4 9 6

5 7

7 2 4 1

message from director general€¦ · mcm, organized the interna onal cycling tour of the sahel,...

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