mesopotamia “between the rivers”. civilization cause effect farming and domestication food...
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Mesopotamia“between the rivers”
CIVILIZATION
CAUSE EFFECT
Farming and Domestication
Food Surplus
Reliable Food Source
Permanent SettlementsReliable Food Source
Food Surplus Larger Populations
Division of labor (artisans)
CIVILIZATION
• Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent?
Location’s everything
-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- Iraq
Map
• Why is this area known as the Fertile Crescent? - Rich soil (silt)
Location’s everything
-Tigris and Euphrates Rivers- Iraq
Challenges
• What were some of the challenges man had to deal with in order to settle this area?
- dry- flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
• How did man solve these problems?
- Irrigation and drainage ditches
Who were the people that made up
Mesopotamia?• 3 groups
- Assyrians (Assyria)
- Akkadians
(Akkadia)- Sumerians (Sumer)
Sumerian Society
• Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E
• City -states
• What are some characteristics of Sumerian cities?
- Walls
- Defensive towers
- Mud brick structures- Ziggurats
• What was the role of the ziggurat in Sumerian society?- Store food and crafts- Place of religious worship for priests/priestesses - Symbol of government
Sumerian Society
• Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E
• City -states
• Theocracy
- Polytheistic
Sumerian Religion• What type of religion did the Sumerians practice?
• What are some characteristics of their religion?
- Natural events the result of gods and goddesses- Humans inferior- Gods and goddesses own cities
Sumerian Society
• Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E
• City -states
• Class system
• Theocracy
Gods and Goddesses
Divine rightRoyals, priests, priestess
Farmers, Merchants, Artisans
Sumerian Society
• Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E
• City -states
• Class system
• Theocracy
• Creativity
• Writing:- cuneiform - Wagon wheel
- Potter’s wheel- Sundial- Arch- Bronze- Number systembased on 60
• Inventions:
• How did the invention of the wheel affect society?
- More trade
Sumerian Society
• Cities established by 3,000 B.C.E
• City -states
• Class system
• Theocracy
• Creativity
• Trade
Economy
Import Export
Copper and tin Metal goods
Timber Fish, wool, wheat, barley
From city-states to empires
Akkadian Empire (2340 – 2100 B.C.E )
Babylonian Empire (1792 B.C.E)• Hammurabi takes Akkad
and Sumer• codified law
“Code of Hammurabi”
• Sargon takes the Sumerian city-states
The Code of Hammurabi
• Principle of retaliation“eye for an eye”
• Patriarchal
• Consumer - protection laws
• Punishment varied according to social class