mesame qveynebidan evrokavsiris bazarze axali xilisa da...
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
Tbilisi 2010
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
Export of frEsh fruits and VEgEtablEs to EuropEanunion MarkEt froM third CountriEs
leT veb-gverdis misamarTze www.delgeo.ec.europa.eu
veb-gverdis mi-
samarTze www.eugbc.net
ISBN
avtorebi: konstantine zaldastaniSviliTaTia julayiZe
978-9941-0-2619-5
1
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
s a r C e v i
1. Sesavali 3
2. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli standartebi 5
3. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis 14
4. janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa
da mcenareul produqtebze 20
5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze 25
danarTi 1 axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul
standartebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma 32
danarTi 2 axali xilisa da bostneulis samrewvelo
gamoyenebis sertifikatis forma 33
danarTi 3 fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma 34
danarTi 4 mcenaris gadaadgilebis dokumenti 36
danarTi 5 publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli evrokavSiris
sakanonmdeblo dokumentebi 37
Summary Export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables from Third Countries to the European Union Market 38
2
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
3
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
1. Sesavali
mesame qveynebidan1 axali xilisa da bostneulis2 evrokavSiris
bazarze importis wesebis umravlesoba harmonizebulia
evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebs Soris da rogorc axali xilisa
da bostneulis marketingul standartebs, aseve sursaTis higienisa
da uvneblobis zogad moTxovnebs moicavs. winamdebare publikacia
aRwers aRniSnul standartebs da evrokavSiris Sida bazris im
moTxovnebs, romelTa codnac aucilebelia mesame qveynebidan, maT
Soris saqarTvelodan, axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris
bazarze eqsportirebisTvis.
evrokavSiris sasoflo-sameurneo (maT Soris axali xilisa
da bostneulis) bazris erTian organizebas, sasoflo-sameurneo
produqtebis warmoebisa da marketingis wesebs, specifikur debule-
bebs zogierTi sasoflo-sameurneo produqtisTvis, aseve sasoflo-
sameurneo produqtebiT mesame qveynebTan vaWrobis reJimebs evro-
kavSiris sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007 regulacia
gansazRvravs.
evrokavSiris sabWos zemoT aRniSnul regulaciaze dayrdnobiT,
evrokomisiam SeimuSava 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia,
romelic gansazRvravs konkretulad axali xilisa da bostneulis
zogad da specifikur marketingul standartebs da eqsport-importis
procedurebs. aqedan gamomdinare, evrokomisiis es regulacia, mesame
qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze
eqsportiorebisTvis erT-erT mTavar saxelmZRvanelo dokuments
warmoadgens.
evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis
Tanaxmad, marketinguli standartebi moicavs xilisa da bostneu-
lis warmoebisa da komercializaciis yvela etaps, importisa da eqs-
portis CaTvliT. marketinguli standartebi momxmarebels awvdis
informacias produqtis warmoSobis qveynis, produqtis klasisa da
saxeobis Sesaxeb. es standartebi gansazRvraven produqtis xarisxs,
klasifikacias, zomas, SefuTvas, dafasoebas, Senaxvas, transportire-
bas, wardgenas da etiketirebas. mesame qveynebidan importirebisas,
1 mesame qveynebad iwodebian is saxelmwifoebi, romlebic ar arian evrokavSiris wevri
qveynebi, im qveynebis CaTvliT, romlebic evrokavSirTan specialuri politikuri da
ekonomikuri uerTierTobebiT sargebloben (evrokavSiris asocirebuli wevri qveyne-
bi, evrokavSirTan stabilurobisa da asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT dakavSirebuli
qveynebi da a.S.)
2 evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, axali xili da bostneuli miekuTvneba
sakvebis im kategorias, romelic moicavs: axal xils, bostneuls, mwvanils, ylortebs,
sokos da agreTve minimalurad damuSavebul sakvebad gamzadebul xilsa da bost-
neuls. minimalurad damuSavebaSi igulisxmeba xilisa da bostneulis gasufTaveba,
daWra, danawevreba, an daqucmaceba maT SefuTvamde.
4
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
produqtis standartebTan Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris wevri qvey-
nebis Sesabamisi sainspeqcio organoebis mier mowmdeba.
produqtis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisoba, produqtis
mier evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTisas mowmdeba, da masze e.w. Se-
sabamisobis sertifikati gaicema. xsenebuli sertifikati aucilebe-
lia, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris
bazarze Sesatanad. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli
standartebi da maTTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis procedura wi-
namdebare publikaciis meore TavSia aRwerili. mesame TavSi ki mo-
cemulia specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis.
axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis,
marketingul standartebTan erTad, aucilebelia sanitaruli da
fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba, rac evrokavSiris
kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, adamianisa da mcenareTa janmrTelobis
dacvis kidev erTi garantiaa. evrokavSiris sanitaruli da
fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos
2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. aRniSnuli direqtivis
Tanaxmad, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis
evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas, saWiroa mcenaris janmrTelobis
da fitosanitaruli sertifikatis wardgena. sertifikati gacemuli
unda iqnas mesame qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier da unda
adasturebdes, rom saeqsporto sasoflo-sameurneo produqcia ar
Seicavs adamianis janmrTelobisTvis mavne organizmebs da ar aris
mcenareuli daavadebebis matarebeli. am sakiTxis Sesaxeb informacia
publikaciis meoTxe TavSia mocemuli.
axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze importi-
sas, evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi amowmeben am produqciis Sesabam-
isobas sursaTis higienasa da sursaTis uvneblobaze evrokavSiris
iseT moTxovnebTan, rogorebicaa sakvebi danamatebis, pesticidebis
da damabinZureblebis arseboba. evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kanon-
mdeblobazea damokidebuli, Tu sad Catardeba amgvari Semowmeba:
sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze, importioris sawyobSi Tu sacalo
vaWrobis qselSi. sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris mTa-
var sakanonmdeblo aqts evrokavSiris sabWosa da evroparlamentis
2002 wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia warmoadgens. am regula-
ciis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze importirebuli sakvebi “unda
Seesabamebodes sursaTis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobis
moTxovnebs an am moTxovnebis eqvivalenturad aRiarebul pirobebs”.
aqedan gamomdinare, evrokavSiris bazarze mesame qveynebidan (maT So-
ris saqarTvelodan) importirebuli sakvebi unda Seesabamebodes
imave standartebs, rac evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebisTvisaa
dawesebuli. evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis zogadi moTxovnebi
aRwerilia publikaciis mexuTe TavSi.
5
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSiris bazarze cxoveluri warmoSobis
produqtebis eqsportisgan gansxvavebiT, axali xilisa da
bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis wesebi naklebad
mkacria. cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze
eqsportisTvis, evrokavSirisgan eqsportze Tanxmobis miReba da
mesame qveynis mewarmis im sawarmoTa siaSi Seyvanaa aucilebeli,
romlebsac aRniSnuli produqciis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis
ufleba aqvT. es wesi ar vrceldeba evrokavSiris bazarze
axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportiorebze. Tumca, axali
xilisa da bostneulis eqsportiori valdebulia, uzrunvelyos
saqonlis Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis zogad
standartebTan da waradginos fitosanitaruli da marketingul
standartebTan Sesabamisobis sertifikatebi.
2. axali xilisa da bostneulis marketinguli standartebi
rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris
No 1221/2008 regulacia gansazRvravs axali xilisa da bostneulis
seqtoris zogad da specifikur marketingul standartebs. aRniSnuli
regulaciis Tanaxmad, axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris
bazarze realizacia dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqti
saRia, akmayofilebs sabazro xarisxs da masze miTiTebulia
warmoSobis qveyana. evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis sainspeqcio
organoebi3 aseve uzrunvelyofen importisTvis gankuTvnili
produqciis zogad marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis
Semowmebas da gascemen Sesabamisobis sertifikats, rac aucilebelia
axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze Setanisas.
evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis
pirveli danarTis nawili A adgens axali xilisa da bostneulis
zogad marketingul standartebs, rogorebicaa:
1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac
produqti unda iyos:
o mTeli;o saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an
gafuWebis stadiaSia da moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);
o sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis
3 sainspeqcio organo(ebi) - evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvru-
li sainspeqcio organo(ebi), romelic pasuximgebelia axali xilisa da bostneulis
marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze, produqciis Tavisufal mimo-
qcevaSi gaSvebamde.
6
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
gareSe);
o mavneblebis gareSe;
o mavneblebis mier gamowveuli dazianebis gareSe;
o uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;o yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;
o iseT mdgomareobaSi, rom gauZlos trasportirebas
da daniSnulebis adgilamde miaRwios
damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi;
2. simwifis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviTac
produqti unda iyos damakmayofileblad mwife. produqtis
simwifis xarisxi imgvari unda iyos, rom produqtma
gaagrZelos damwifeba da simwifis damakmayofilebel dones
miaRwios;
3. am moTxovnebidan gadacdoma, romlis mixedviTac
eqsportirebuli produqciis TiToeul lotSi dasaSvebia
produqtis mTeli raodenobis mxolod 10% iseTi
produqtebis arseboba, romlebic ar akmayofilebs xarisxis
minimalur moTxovnebs. xsenebuli ar vrceldeba produqtze,
romlebic lpobis stadiaSia, an gafuWebulia im doneze, rom
moxmarebisTvis uvargisia;
4. produqtis warmoSobis qveynis aRniSvnis moTxovna, romlis
Tanaxmad produqtze garkveviT da srulad unda iyos
aRniSnuli produqtis warmoSobis qveyana. warmoSobis
qveyana, produqtis daniSnulebis qveynis momxareblisTvis
gasageb enaze unda iyos miTiTebuli.
evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis
Tanaxmad, xilisa da bostneulis zogierTi saxeoba Tavisufalia
zogadi marketinguli standartebis moTxovnisgan. esenia:
• sokoebi, garda kultivirebuli sokosi (CN4 code 0709 59)• kapari (CN code 0709 90 40)• mware nuSi (CN code 0802 11 10)• naWuWiani nuSi (CN code 0802 12)• naWuWiani Txili (CN code 0802 22)• naWuWiani kakali (CN code 0802 32)• miwis Txili (CN code 0802 90 50)• zafrana (CN code 0910 20)evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis
4 CN – kombinirebuli nomenklatura - evrokavSiris saimporto tarifis erTiani
statistikuri da satarifo nomenklatura. damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT ev-
rokavSiri-saqarTvelos biznes sabWos 2008 wlis broSura “evrokavSiris bazarze
importirebuli saqonlis dabegvris Taviseburebani” www.eugbc.net.
7
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
mixedviT, specifikuri marketinguli standartebi miesadageba Semdeg
produqtebs da individualuria TiToeuli maTganisTvis:
1. vaSli 6. msxali
2. citrusebi 7. marwyvi
3. kivi 8. tkbili wiwaka
4. salaTa 9. sufris yurZeni
5. atami da neqtarini 10. pomidori
xilisa da bostneulis zemoT CamoTvlili aT saxeobas, aseve
miesadageba SefuTvisa da etiketze aRniSvnebis specialuri
wesebic. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi TviToeuli zemoT
CamoTvlili produqtisTvis mocemulia evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5
dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis pirveli danarTis B nawilSi. winamdebare publikaciis momdevno TavSi, magaliTis saxiT, aRwer-
ilia specifikuri marketinguli stanadartebi citrusebisTvis.
specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, produqti
unda akmayofilebdes xarisxis minimalur moTxovnebs, produqtis
zomis specialur moTxovnebs da unda iyos erTgvarovani. garda
amisa, TiToeuli produqti, romelic specifikuri marketinguli
standartebis moTxovnebs eqvemdebareba, sami gansxvavebuli xarisxis
klasad iyofa:
• eqstra klass miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produqti,
romelic garegnulad erTgvarovania, mxolod odnavi
zedapiruli defeqtebiT;
• pirveli klasis produqti aris kargi xarisxis, mxolod
mcire defeqtebiT;
• meore klasis produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,
romelsac SeiZleba gaaCndes erTi an ramdenime defeqti.
yvela saxis axali xili da bostneuli, romelsac ar miesadageba
specifikuri marketinguli standartebi, unda akmayofilebdes
evrokavSiris kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil zogad marketingul
standartebs. Tu produqtis realizators SeuZlia daamtkicos, rom
produqti Seesabameba gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE)5 mier dadgenil marketingul standartebs, unda CaiTvalos, rom igi
akmayofilebs zogad marketingul standartebs.
evrokavSiris bazarze moxvedramde, unda moxdes marketingul
5 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) – gaeros erT-erTi regionuli
komisiaa, romelic aerTianebs evrokavSiris, aRmosavleT da samxreT evropis, dsT-s
da CrdiloeT amerikis 56 qveyanas saqarTvelos CaTvliT. mdgradi ganviTarebisa da
ekonomikuri keTildReobis xelSewyobis mizniT, UNECE wevri qveynebi TanamSromlo-
ben ekonomikur sakiTxebSi da SeimuSeveben saerTaSoriso normebs, standartebsa da
rekomendaciebs, maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis seqtorisTvis.
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
standartebTan mesame qveynebSi warmoebuli axali xili da
bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba.
amgvari Semowmeba SeiZleba moxdes:
• saeqsporto produqciis mier evrokavSiris sazRvris
gadakveTis adgilze,
• evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi, an
• saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (mesame) qveyanaSi.
evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze axali xilisa da
bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas
evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainpeqciis organo axorcielebs. amgvari
Semowmeba unda moxdes SerCeviT, riskebis Sefasebis safuZvelze.
riskebis Sefasebis kriteriumebia:
• mesame qveynis kompetenturi sainspeqcio organos mier
gacemuli iseTi Sesabamisobis sertifikatis arseboba,
romelis eqsportis ganxorcielebamde gacemac, mesame qveynis
moTxovnis safuZvelze, evrokomisiis mier aris nebadarTuli;
• produqtis saxeoba, produqtis warmoebis periodi, produqtis
fasi, SefuTvis da CatvirTvis operaciebi, Senaxvis pirobebi,
warmoSobis qveyana, transportirebis saSualeba an tvirTis
moculoba;
• eqsportioris pozicia da reputacia bazarze, misi produqci-
is mravalferovneba, saqonlis warmoSobis adgili an Senax-
vis, daxarisxebis an gayidvisas Catarebuli samuSaoebi;
• wina Semowmebis Sedegebi evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas,
aRmoCenili defeqtebis tipi da raodenoba, mowodebuli
produqciis xarisxi da gamoyenebuli teqnikuri aRWurvilobis
done.
mesame qveynis eqsportiorma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom
Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseT gzas, evrokavSiris SezRuduli
sainspeqcio resursebis gamo, Tan axlavs saeqsporto produqciis
evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi dayovnebis da
Sesabamisad misi xarisxis dakargvis riski.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organo, evrokavSirSi
importis punqtSi axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul
standartebTan Sesabamosobis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi gascems
Sesabamisobis sertifikats, romlis formac mocemulia danarTSi
#1. saimporto produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
gaices erTi Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafiodaa
miTiTebuli saimporto produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze in-
speqciis gavlis Semdeg, sabaJo samsaxuri axali xilsa da bost-
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
neuls gaatarebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu tvirTs axlavs Se-
sabamisobis sertifikati an is sainspeqcio organosgan informire-
bulia, rom mocemul tvirTs aseTi sertifikati miniWebuli aqvs.
SesaZloa evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organom CaTvalos,
rom ar arsebobs produqciis marketingul standartebTan Seusa-
bamobis riski da produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi ar Seamowmos. aseT
SemTxvevaSi, sainspeqcio organo sabaJo samsaxurs ugzavnis beWed-
dasmul deklaracias an xsenebulis Sesaxeb acnobebs sxva formiT,
ris safuZvelzec sabaJo samsaxurs SeuZlia gaataros produqciis
Sesabamisi lotebi.
mesame qveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze importirebuli axali
xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Seusabamobis
aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis makoordinirebe-
li samsaxuri amis Sesaxeb acnobebs evrokomisias da evrokavSiris
wevri sxva qveynebis makoordinirebel samsaxurebs, romlebic am
informacias sakuTari qveynis masStabiT avrceleben.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis sabaJo sawyobebSi axali xilisa da
bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmeba
mxolod maSinaa SesaZlebeli Tu saqonlis evropel importiors
Sesabamisi ufleba gaaCnia.
Sesabamisobis Semowmebis aseTi gza, rasakvirvelia, gamoricxavs
saqonlis Seyovnebas evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi,
Tumca mesame qveynis eqsportiorebs, Sesabamisi uflebis mqone
evropel importiorebTan molaparakebebisas nakleb “Tavisuflebas”
utovebs.
saeqsporto produqciis warmoSobis (mesame) qveyanaSi axali xilisa da
bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebis
uflebas mesame qveyanas evrokomisia aZlevs. AamisaTvis mesame
qveyanam TxovniT unda mimarTos evrokomisias. Sesabamis nebarTvas
evrokomisia gascems im SemTxvevaSi, Tu evrokavSiris bazrisTvis
gankuTvnili mesame qveynis saeqsporto produqcia akmayofilebs
evrokavSiris marketingul an mis analogiur standartebs da Tu
evrokavSirs Sesabamis mesame qveyanasTan vaWrobis kargi gamocdileba
gaaCnia.
eqsportis ganxorcielebamde, warmoSobis qveyanaSi axali
xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis
Semowmebas is upiratesoba gaaCnia, rom minimumamdea dayvanili
evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebSi saqonlis Seyovnebis
riski da mesame qveynis eqsportiorebi ufro Tavisuflebi arian
evropeli importiorebis SerCevisa da maTTan molaparakebebisas.
mesame qveynisTvis, mis teritoriaze axali xilisa da bostneulis
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze Tanxmobis
micemis SemTxvevaSi, evrokomisia adgens mesame qveyanis oficialur
samsaxurs, romelic pasuximgebelobas aiRebs marketingul
standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebasa da xsenebul sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT evrokavSirTan kontaqtzec, aseve mesame qveynis
sainspeqcio organoebs, romlebic uSualod ganaxorcieleben
Sesabamisobis Semowmebas. Tanxmoba gaicema mxolod Sesabamis mesame
qveyanaSi warmoSobil produqciaze da SeiZleba vrceldebodes
mxolod garkveuli saxeobis produqtebze.
mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi unda iyvnen saxelmwifo
struqturebi an oficialurad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo struqture-
bis mier. maT unda gaaCndes marketingul standartebTan Sesabam-
isobis Sesamowmeblad aucilebeli gamocdileba, kadrebi da teqni-
kuri saSualebebi. im qveyanaTa nusxa, romlebsac evrokomisiidan
miRebuli aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul standartebTan Sesa-
bamisobis Semowmebis Tanxmoba, evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulaciis me-4 danarTis A nawilSia moyvanili, xolo
amave regulaciis me-4 danarTis B nawilSi mocemulia informacia
am mesame qveynebis pasuxismgebel oficialur samsaxursa da sain-
speqcio organoebis Sesaxeb. sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelo ar aris
im mesame qveyanaTa CamonaTvalSi, romlebsac evrokomisiidan miRe-
buli aqvT maT teritoriaze marketingul standartebTan Sesabam-
isobis Semowmebis Tanxmoba.
mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma. Sesabamisobis Semowme-
bis Sedegad unda gascen danarTSi #1-Si mocemuli axali xilisa
da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan Sesabamisobis ser-
tifikati, an sxva formis sertifikati, romelic winaswar aris
SeTanxmebuli mesame qveyanasa da evrokavSirs Soris. saeqsporto
produqciis ramodenime lotis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gaices erTi
Sesabamisobis sertifikati, romelSic mkafiodaa miTiTebuli saim-
porto produqciis Sesabamisi lotebi. Sesabamisobis sertifikati
Sevsebuli unda iyos evrokavSiris erT-erT oficialur enaze. ser-
tifikatze aRiniSneba eqsportioris saxeli, sainspeqcio organo,
inspeqciis adgili, tvirTis daniSnulebis qveyana an regioni, tvir-
Tis transportirebis saSualeba, SefuTvebis raodenoba, produqtis
tipi, saxeoba, klasi, tvirTis mTliani wona, sertifikatis moqmedebis
vada, Semowmebis adgili da TariRi, inspeqtoris xelmowera.
Sesabamisobis sertifikatze aRniSnuli unda iyos sityva
“originali”. damatebiTi aslebis saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, miTiTebuli
unda iyos “asli”. evrokavSiris wevri qveyana sertifikatis
mxolod originals cnobs. sertifikati unda iyos 210 x 297 mm.
zomis. dasaSvebia sertifikatis sigrZis gadacdoma - 8 mm-iT meti
an 5 mm-iT naklebi. sertifikatisTvis gamoiyeneba mxolod TeTri
11
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
qaRaldi, romlis wonac ar unda iyos 40 g/m²-ze mcire. dauSvebelia
sertifikatSi teqstis amoSla an masze zemodan axali teqstis
gadawera. Casworebis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi araswori teqsti
unda gadaixazos da mis nacvlad unda daematos swori teqsti.
nebismieri aseTi Casworeba sertifikatSi damowmebuli unda iqnas
sertifikatis gamcemi organos mier. TiToeul sertifikats unda
hqondes rigiTi nomeri, masze unda iyos dasmuli kompetenturi
organos beWedi da unda iyos xelmowerili uflebamosili piris
(pirebis) mier. sertifikatis gamcemma kompetenturma organom unda
daitovos sertifikatis asli.
Sesabamisobis sertifikati SeiZleba aseve gacemuli iqnas
winaswar damtkicebul eleqtronul formatSi, eleqtronuli
xelmoweriT.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis
adgilze damatebiT amowmeben evrokavSiris bazarze Sesatanad
gankuTvnili axali xilisa da bostneulis garkveul nawils, raTa
mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis
sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis sisworeSi darwmundnen.
damatebiTi SemowmebisTvis evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs mosakreblis
dawesebis uflebac aqvT.
sertifikatSi mocemuli informaciis saeqsporto produqciasTan
Seusabamobis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis
sainspeqcio organo Sesabamisi makoordinirebeli samsaxuris6
informirebas axdens. es samsaxuri ki, Tavis mxriv, informacias
evrokomisias miawvdis.
Tu gaCda eWvi, mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul
Sesabamisobis sertifikatis auTenturobasTan an masSi mocemuli
informaciis sisworesTan dakavSirebiT, evrokavSiris wevri
qveynis kompetentur samsaxurs ufleba aqvs, saeWvo sertifikatis
Semdgomi (damatebiTi) Semowmeba moiTxovos. aseT SemTxvevaSi
sertifikati an misi asli mesame qveynis Sesabamis uwyebaSi
igzavneba da damatebiTi informacia gamoiTxoveba. evrokomisia
SeZlebisdagvarad operatiulad unda iqnas informirebuli
Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis da am
Semowmebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb.
Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgomi Semowmebis moTxovnis
SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi produqciis importiors ufleba aqvs ev-
rokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur sainspeqcio organoebs
6 evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis mier gansazRvrulia erTi kompetenturi sam-
saxuri, romelic koordinacias uwevs axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul
standartebTan Sesabamisobis Semowmebas da am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli infor-
maciis miwodebas evrokomisiisTvis (magaliTad, gaerTianebul samefoSi – sursaTis
standartebis saagento). makoordinirebeli samsaxuri SeiZleba iyos aseve sainspeq-
cio organo.
12
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
Txovos saimporto produqciis marketingul standartebTan Se-
sabamisobis Semowmeba evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adg-
ilze.
saeqsporto produqciis daniSnulebis qveyanaSi Setanis nebarTva
ar gaiscema, Tu aRmoCnda, rom tvirTis didi nawili ar Seesabameba
Sesabamisobis sertifikatSi miTiTebul informacias, an evrokavSiris
wevri qveynis kompetenturi samsaxuri mesame qveynidan ver miiRebs
damakmayofilebel pasuxs Sesabamisobis sertifikatis Semdgom
SemowmebasTan dakavSirebiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, produqcia SeiZleba
gatanili iqnas evrokavSiris farglebs gareT, SeiZleba ganadgurdes
sabaJo samsaxuris TanxmobiT, an eqsportioris mier SeiZleba
miRebuli iqnas gadawyvetileba produqciis mTliani moculobis an
misi nawilis marketingul standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis
Sesaxeb. evrokavSiris bazarze SesabamisobaSi moyvanili produqciis
Sesatanad, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio organoebma
Tavidan unda Caataron Semowmeba da dadebiTi rezultatis
miRebis SemTxvevaSi gascen Sesabamisobis sertifikati.…bunebrivia,
zemoxsenebuli procedurebis xarjebs Tavis Tavze eqsportiori
iRebs.
mesame qveynis Sesabamisma pasuxismgebelma samsaxurma
evrokomisias droulad unda miawodos informacia im beWdebisa da
xelmowerebis, aseve maTSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb,
romlebsac mesame qveynis sainspeqcio organoebi Sesabamisobis
sertifikatis gacemisas gamoiyeneben. mesame qveynebidan miRebul
informacias evrokomisia dauyovnebliv ugzavnis evrokavSiris
wevri qveynebis makoordinirebel struqturebs, romlebic Tavis
mxriv, evrokavSiris Sesabamisi wevri qveynebis sabaJo samsaxurebs
ayeneben saqmis kursSi.
evrokomisias SeuZlia gaauqmos mesame qveynisTvis, mis terito-
riaze axali xilis da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan
Sesabamisobis Semowmebaze micemuli Tanxmoba Tu aRmoCnda, rom
saeqsporto produqciis mniSvnelovani nawili ar Seesabameba mesa-
me qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis ser-
tifikatSi asaxul parametrebs, an Tu mesame qveynis pasuxismgebeli
samsaxuridan ver iqna miRebuli damakmayofilebeli reagireba
evrokomisiidan gagzavnil moTxovnaze, serTifikatis Semdgom Se-
mowmebasTan dakavSirebiT.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis makoordinirebelma samsaxurebma
yovelkvartalurad unda miawodos evrokomisias, Sesabamisi mesame
qveynebis da am qveynebidan importirebuli produqciis Sesaxeb
iseTi informacia, rogoricaa:
• importis mTliani moculoba;
• evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze Semowmebuli
13
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
produqciis raodenoba;
• im produqciis raodenoba, romelic ar Seesabameboda mesame
qveynis sainspeqcio organoebis mier gacemul Sesabamisobis
sertifikatis monacemebs.
Semdgomi gadamuSavebis mizniT, mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa
da bostneulis evrokavSirSi eqsportisas, kompetenturma sainspeq-
cio organoebma unda gascen samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikati
(ix, danarTi No 2). aseT SemTxvevaSi produqciis SefuTvaze aucile-
blad unda iyos etiketi, romelzec mkafiod iqneba miTiTebuli: “gam-
iznulia gadamuSavebisTvis”. evrokavSiris wevri qveynis sainspeqcio
organo samrewvelo gamoyenebis sertifikatis asls ugzavnis Sesa-
bamis gadamamuSavebel sawarmos, romelmac sainspeqcio organos unda
daudasturos axali xilisa da bostneulis gadamuSavebis procesi.
evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis danarTi
No 1-is B nawili adgens xilisa da bostneulis SefuTvis wesebs, romle-
bzec specifikuri marketinguli standartebi vrceldeba da romelTa
dacva aucilebelia produqtis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis.
axali xilisa da bostneulis SefuTvis wesebis mixedviT:
• produqtis TiToeuli SefuTva unda iyos gamZle;
• SesafuTad gamoyenebuli masala unda iyos axali, sufTa da
iseTi xarisxis, rac ar daazianebs produqts;
• SefuTvaze Sesabamisi aRniSvnebis dasatanad dasaSvebia
etiketis an beWdis gamoyeneba;
• etiketi da beWedi unda iyos damzadebuli aratoqsikuri
melnisa da webosgan;
• SefuTva daculi unda iyos ucxo nivTierebebisgan;
• produqtze miwebebuli individualuri stikerebi ar
unda tovebdes webos kvals da ar unda azianebdes kvebis
produqtis zedapirs.
specifikuri marketinguli standartebis mixedviT, TiToeul
SefuTvaze garkveviT, mouSorebeli SriftiT unda iyos aRniSnuli
Semdegi informacia:
• eqsportioris saxeli da misamarTi, rac SeiZleba koduri
aRniSvniT (Strix-kodiT) Seicvalos;
• produqtis saxeli, nairsaxeoba;
• warmoSobis qveyana;
• produqtis klasi da zoma (ix. Semdeg TavSi);
• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa);
gadamuSavebisTvis gankuTvnili xilisa da bostneulis tvirTze
miTiTebuli unda iyos “gankuTvnilia gadamuSavebisTvis”. aseT
tvirTs evrokavSiris wevri qveyana aTavisuflebs specifikuri
14
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
marketinguli standartebis dacvis MmoTxovnisgan.
5 kg-ze naklebi wonis sxvadasxva saxeobis (Sereuli) xilisa
da bostneulis SefuTva, unda Seicavdes erTgvarovani xarisxis
produqtebs. aseT SefuTvaSi Semavali TiToeuli dasaxelebis
produqti unda akmayofilebdes Sesabamis marketingul standartebs.
SefuTvas unda axldes saTanado etiketi. Tu SefuTvaSi Semavali
produqtebis warmoSobis qveyana erTze metia es miTiTebuli unda
iyos etiketze Semdegnairad:
a) “evrokavSirSi warmoSobili xilisa da bostneulis narevi
” an
b) “evrokavSiris teritoriis gareT warmoSobili xilisa da
bostneulis narevi” an
g) “evrokavSirisa da mesame qveynis teritoriaze warmoSobili
xilisa da bostneulis narevi”.
3. specifikuri marketinguli standartebi citrusebisTvis
specifikuri marketinguli standartebi, winamdebare publikaciaSi,
citrusebis magaliTze iqneba ganxiluli. specifikuri marketingu-
li standartebi citrusebisTvis evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulaciis danarTi No 1-is B nawilSia mocemulia. es
standartebi exeba citruss, romelic naturaluri (gadaumuSavebeli)
saxiT miewodeba momxmarebels. citrusebs miekuTvneba:
• sxvadasxva saxeobis limoni,
• sxvadasxva saxeobis mandarini, maT Soris klementini,
mandarini unSiu da sxva,
• sxvadasxva saxeobis forToxali.
specifikuri marketinguli standartebi yvela saxis citrusisTvis
Semdeg kategoriebad iyofa:
1. xarisxis minimaluri moTxovnebi, romlis mixedviT yvela
klasis citrusi unda iyos:
• mTeli;
• dauJeJavi;
• saRi (gamoiricxeba produqti, romelic lpobis an
gafuWebis stadiaSia da moxmarebisTvis uvargisia);
• sufTa (yovelgvari SesamCnevi ucxo nivTierebis gareSe);
• mavneblebis gareSe;
15
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
• mavneblebis mier gamowveuli dazianebis gareSe;
• ar unda iyos gamomSrali;
• yinvis an dabali temperaturisgan dauzianebeli;
• uCveulo garegani sinotivis gareSe;
• yovelgvari ucxo sunis an gemos gareSe;
• citrusi frTxilad unda iyos mokrefili da unda
iyos damakmayofileblad mwife, citrusis saxeobebis
calkeuli kriteriumebis, mokrefis droisa da citrusis
moyvanis adgilis gaTvaliswinebiT;
• citrusis simwifis xarisxi iseTi unda iyos, rom
transportirebas gauZlos da daniSnulebis adgilamde
damakmayofilebel mdgomareobaSi miaRwios;
2. simwifis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis simwifis xarisxi
ganisazRvreba TiToeuli saxeobisTvis dawesebuli Semdegi
parametrebiT:
• minimaluri wvnianoba da
• Seferiloba, romlis mixedviTac citrusma, normaluri
damwifebis pirobebSi, saxeobisTvis tipuri feri tvirTis
daniSnulebis adgilze miiRos.
limoni - minimaluri wvnianoba pirveli da bolo mosavlisT-
vis (verdelisa da primofioresTvis) 20%-ia, danarCeni mosav-
lebisTvis ki 25% unda iyos. limonis Seferiloba unda iyos
saxeobisTvis tipuri, Tumca dasaSvebia mwvane feris (ara muqi
mwvane) limonic, Tu is akmayofilebs wvnianobis moTxovnebs.
mandarini – minimaluri wvnianoba mandarinisTvis garda
klementinisa - 33%-ia, xolo klementinisTvis 40% unda iyos.
mandarinis zedapiris sul mcire erTi mesamedi unda iyos
Seferili saxeobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli feriT.
forToxali - wvnianoba wiTelxorciani forToxlisTvis -
30%-ia, navelis jgufis forToxlisTvis - 33%, xolo sxva
saxeobis forToxlisTvis - 35% unda iyos. Seferiloba sa-
xeobisTvis tipuri unda iyos. dasaSvebia Ria mwvane feris
forToxalic, Tu Ria mwvane Seferiloba citrusis zedapiris
erT mexuTeds ar aRemateba. amave dros, Tu forToxali moy-
vanilia iseT adgilebSi, sadac haeris maRali temperatura
da tenianobaa, dasaSvebia, rom mwvane Seferiloba citrusis
zedapiris erT mexuTeds aRematebodes, Tu is akmayofilebs
wvnianobis Semdgom minimalur mnoTxovnebs:
• mosambi, saTgudi da pacitani saxeobebisaTvis - 33%;
• yvela sxva saxeobebisaTvis - 45%.
16
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
3. klasifikaciis mixedviT citrusebi iyofa sam klasad:
• “eqstra klass” miekuTvneba umaRlesi xarisxis produ-
qti. am klasis citrusis forma, garegnuli saxe, simwife
da Seferiloba unda iyos tipuri citrusis konkretuli
saxeobisa da komerciuli kategoriisTvis. citruss, ro-
melic eqstra klass miekuTvneba, ar unda hqondes defe-
qtebi. dasaSvebia mxolod odnavi zedapiruli defeqtebis
arseboba, Tu isini garegnulad TiTqmis SeumCnevelia da
produqtis xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens;
• “pirveli klasis” citrusi aris kargi xarisxis produqti,
romelic tipuria citrusis konkretuli saxeobisa da
komerciuli kategoriisTvis. dasaSvebia, mxolod mcire saxis
defeqtebis arseboba, Tu es produqtis garegnul saxeze da
xarisxze gavlenas ar axdens. amgvari defeqtebia:
o formis mcire defeqti;
o Seferilobis mcire wuni;
o produqtis kanis mcire defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis
zrdis process sdevs Tan, magaliTad nawiburebi;
o mcire daJeJiloba, rac gamowveulia setyvisgan,
SefuTvisgan da a.S.;
• “meore klasis” produqti normaluri xarisxis produqtia,
romelsac ver mivakuTvnebT citrusis ufro maRal
klass, magram zemoT moyvanil minimalur moTxovnebs
akmayofilebs. am klasis citruss SeiZleba hqondes
garkveuli defeqtebi, kerZod:
o formis defeqti;
o Seferilobis wuni;
o uxeSi kani;
o produqtis kanis defeqtebi, romlebic produqtis
zrdis process axlavs, magaliTad nawiburebi;
o daJeJiloba, gamowveuli setyvisgan, SefuTvisgan da
a.S.
o kanis zedapiruli dazianebebi;
o forToxlis perikarpis odnavi daSoreba.
4. zomis minimaluri moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis mini-
maluri diametri unda iyos:
• limonisTvis – 45 mm.;
• mandarinisTvis, garda klementinisa – 45 mm.;
• klementinisTvis – 35 mm.;
• forToxlisTvis – 53 mm..
5. zomis erTgvarovnebis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, SefuTvaSi
17
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
moTavsebuli citrusi Tanabari zomis unda iyos da zomaTa
qvemoT mocemuli gradaciis farglebSi unda eqceodes:
forToxali limoni mandarini
zomis
kodi
diametri
(mm)
zomis
kodi
diametri
(mm)
zomis
kodi
diametri
(mm)
0 92-110 0 79-90 1-XXX78 da
meti
1 87-100 1 72-83 1-XX 67-78
2 84-96 2 68-78 1 an 1-X 63-74
3 81-92 3 63-72 2 58-69
4 77-88 4 58-67 3 54-64
5 73-84 5 53-62 4 50-60
6 70-80 6 48-57 5 46-56
7 67-76 7 45-52 6 (*) 43-52
8 64-73 7 41-48
9 62-70 8 39-46
10 60-68 9 37-44
11 58-66 10 35-42
12 56-63
13 53-60
* 45 mm-ze naklebi zoma mxolod klementins exeba
dasaSvebia citrusis zomis erTgvarovnebis
moTxovnidan mciredi gadacdoma, rac citrusis
dafasoebis meTodzea damokidebuli:
• Tu citrusi TvliTaa dafasoebuli, citrusis zoma
SeiZleba eqceodes ori momijnave zomis kodis
farglebSi;
• fenebad dafasoebuli citrusis SemTxvevaSi, SefuTvaSi,
erTi da igive zomis kodis mqone yvelaze patara da didi
citrusi ar unda scdebodes qvemoT moyvanil zomebs (es
wesi vrceldeba TvliT Cawyobil citruszec, romelic
ori momijnave zomis kodis farglebSi eqceva):
18
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
citrusis
saxeoba zomis kodi
erT SefuTvaSi Cawyobil
citrusebs Soris
dasaSvebi gansxvaveba
zomaSi (mm)
limoni 0-dan 7-mde 7
mandarini
1-XXX-4
5-dan 6-mde
7-dan 10-mde
9
8
7
forToxali
0-dan 2-mde
3-dan 6-mde
7-dan 13-mde
11
9
7
• Tu citrusi ar aris dafasoebuli fenebad an gasayidad
gamzadebul yuTebSi, maSin SefuTvaSi yvelaze patara da
didi citrusi ar unda scdebodes citrusis Sesabamis
zomaTa gradacias;
• gasayidad gamzadebul drekad SefuTvaSi moTavsebuli
yvelaze patara da didi citrusi ar unda scdebodes
sami momijnave kodis farglebs.
6. xarisxis moTxovnebisgan gadacdomis Tanaxmad:
• “eqstra klasSi” dasaSvebia 5% iseTi citrusisa, romelic
ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram Seesabameba
“pirveli klasis” moTxovnebs. gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi
(ix. qvemoT), aseve misaRebia iseTi produqtebi, romlebic
“pirveli klasis” gadacdomis farglebSi xvdeba;
• “pirvel klasSi” dasaSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa,
romelic ar akmayofilebs am klasis moTxovnebs, magram
Seesabameba “meore klasis” moTxovnebs, an xvdeba “meore
klasis” gadacdomis farglebSi;
• “meore klasSi” dasaSvebia 10% iseTi citrusisa, romelic
ar akmayofilebs arc am klasis moTxovnebs da arc minim-
alur moTxovnebs. es wesi ar vrceldeba iseT citrusze,
romelic lpobis stadiaSia an im donezea dazianebuli,
rom moxmarebisTvis uvargisia. am klasSi aseve dasaS-
vebia 5% iseTi citrusisa, romelsac aReniSneba zedapi-
ruli dazianeba, damskdari an gamomSralia.
19
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
7. zomis moTxovnebisgan gadacdomis Tanaxmad, dasaSvebia
10% iseTi produqtisa, romelic zemoT moyvanil zomis
moTxovnebze dabalia an maT aRemateba. nebismier SemTxvevaSi
es wesi ar vrceldeba citrusze, romlis zomac Semdeg
minimalur moTxovnebze dabalia:
• limoni – 43 mm.;
• mandarini, garda klementinisa – 43 mm.;
• klementini – 34 mm.;
• forToxali – 50 mm.;
8. wardgenis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad:
• citrusis TiToeuli SefuTva unda iyos erTgvarovani,
unda Seicavdes mxolod erTnairi warmoSobis, saxeobis,
tipis, xarisxis, zomis da simwifis donis produqts. “eqs-
tra klasis” citrusis SemTxvevaSi, citrusis Seferilo-
bac erTgvarovani unda iyos. SefuTvis momxmareblis-
Tvis xiluli nawili, SefuTvis mTliani Semadgenlobis
maCvenebeli unda iyos;
• citrusis SesafuTad gamoiyeneba:
o axali da sufTa masala, romelic produqts aseve
saTanadod icavs dazianebisgan. savaWro monacemebis
aRsaniSnad, dasaSvebia qaRaldis da beWdis gamoyeneba,
Tu es aRniSvna aratoqsikuri melniT an weboTi
keTdeba;
o Tu citrusi saTiTaodaa gaxveuli, amisaTvis Txeli,
mSrali, axali da usuno qaRaldi gamoiyeneba;
o dauSvebelia iseTi nivTierebebis gamoyeneba, romlebic
citrusis bunebriv Semadgenlobas, gansakuTrebiT
gemosa da suns Secvlis;
o SefuTvaSi ar unda iyo raime saxis ucxo sagani.
Tumca, dasaSvebia mcire zomis totis (foTlebiT)
gamoyeneba;
o produqtze damagrebuli stikerebi moxsnis Semdgom
ar unda tovebdes webos kvals da ar unda gamoiwvios
citrusis kanis dazianeba;
• citrusi SeiZleba wardgenili iqnas:
o fenebad SefuTuli;
o Cayrili sxvadasxva saxis taraSi. mxolod pirveli
da meore klasis produqtisTvis;
o momxmareblisTvis misayidad gamzadebul maqsimum 5
kg-ian yuTebSi (rogorc TvliT, aseve sufTa woniT).
20
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
9. SefuTvis aRniSvnis moTxovnebis Tanaxmad, citrusis
TiToeul yuTze datanil unda iqnas:
• SemfuTavis da/an mimwodeblis saxeli da misamarTi. es
SeiZleba Seicvalos StrixkodiT;
• citrusis saxeli, saxeoba, tipi. limonis SemTxvevaSi, sad-
ac saWiroa unda aRiniSnos “verdeli” da “promofiore”.
klementinis SemTxvevaSi, sadac saWiroa unda aRiniSnos
“ukurko klementini” an “kurkiani klementini”;
• citrusis warmoSobis qveyana. SesaZleblobis SemTxvevaSi
regionis miTiTebiT;
• komerciuli monacemebi: klasi, citrusis zomis kodi,
gamoyenebuli qimiuri nivTierebebi (aseTis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi);
• kontrolis oficialuri aRniSvna (arasavaldebuloa).
4. janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa da mcenareul produqtebze
janmrTelobis da fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi mcenareebsa
da mcenareul produqtebze mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos 2000
wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivaSi. fitosanitaruli moTxovnebi
vrceldeba axal xilsa da bostneulzec da maTi dacva aucilebelia
mesame qveynebidan axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris
bazarze eqsportirebisas. aRniSnuli direqtivis Tanaxmad, zogierT
mcenaresa da mcenareul produqts, maT Soris zogierT axal xilsa
da bostneuls, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisas unda axldes
mesame qveynis kompetenturi uwyebis mier gacemuli „fitosanitaruli
sertifikati“ an „fitosanitaruli sertifikati re-eqsportisaTvis“
(evrokavSiris fitosanitaruli sertifikatebis formebi mocemulia
danarTSi No 3). evrokomisia uflebamosilia, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisT-
vis gankuTvnil produqciasTan dakavSirebiT, mesame qveynebisgan
gamoiTxovos informacia am qveynebSi moqmedi sanitaruli da fito-
sanitaruli kanomdeblobis, kontrolis meqanizmebisa da riskebis
Sefasebis Sesaxeb. am mizniT, evrokomisia, Cveulebriv, ukavSirdeba
evrokavSirSi Sesabamisi mesame qveynis warmomadgenlobas da mis-
gan miRebuli informaciis safuZvelze uSualod mesame qveynis
Sesabamis kompetentur samsaxurebs mimarTavs.
im mcenareebis, mcenareuli produqtebis da mavne organizmebis
sxva potenciuri matareblebis CamonaTvali, romelTac fitosani-
21
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
taruli sertifikati sWirdebaT, mocemulia evrokavSiris sabWos
2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis mexuTe danarTSi. saqarTve-
lodan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqspor-
tiors, fitosanitaruli sertifikati Semdegi mcenareebis da mcena-
reuli produqtebis eqsportisas sWirdeba:
• citrusis (Citrus L.), iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle), trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) saxeobebisa da maTi hibridebisgan
miRebuli xili foTlebiT da yunwebiT;• oxraxuSis (Apium graveolens L.) da rehanis (Ocimum L.) saxeobebis
mwvanili;• citrusis (Citrus L.,) iaponuri zRmartlis (Fortunella Swingle),
trifoliatas (Poncirus Raf) da maTi hibridebis, aseve induri
kitris (Momordica L.) da badrijnis (Solanum melongena L.) saxeobebis nayofebi;
• anonas [pau-paus] ( Annona L.), komSis (Cydonia Mill.), aRmosavleTis xurmis (Diospyros L.), vaSlis (Malus Mill.,) mangos (Mangifera L.), pasifloras [grenadili] (Passiflora L.), qliavis (Prunus L.), guavas (Psidium L.), msxlis (Pyrus L.), mocxaris (Ribes L.), mixakis xis (Syzygium Gaertn.) da mocvis (Vaccinium L.), saxeobebis xili,
romelic moyvanilia evrokavSiris farglebs gareT;
• bardis (Dolichos Jacq.), magniferas (Magnifera spp.), Warxlis (Beta vulgaris L) da lobios (Phaseolus vulgaris) saxeobebis marcvlebi;
• bambis (Gossypium spp) saxeobebis marcvlebi da bamba;
• vazis (Vitis L.) saxeobebidan miRebuli yurZeni.
fitosanitaruli sertifikati unda adasturebdes, rom mesame
qveynidan evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili
produqcia ar aris evrokavSiris mier akrZaluli mavneblebis da
mcenareuli daavadebebis matarebeli. mavneblebis da mcenareuli
daavadebebis CamonaTvali, romelTa evrokavSiris teritoriaze
Setana da gavrceleba akrZalulia, evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8
maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis pirvel da meore danarTebSia mocemuli.
fitosanitarul sertifikats gascems mesame qveynis samsaxuri,
romelsac fitosanitaruli sertifikatis gacemis uflebamosileba
erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT da mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso kon-venciis7 debulebebis Sesabamisad aqvs miniWebuli. fitosanitaru-
li sertifikati evrokavSiris mier, mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis safuZvelze SemuSavebul formas unda Seesabamebodes.
fitosanitaruli sertifikati evrokavSiris romelime oficialur
7 mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvencia - serTaSoriso xelSekruleba mcenareTa
janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. xelSekruleba 1952 wlidan arsebobs da uzrunvelyofs mcena-
reTa dacvas mavneblebis warmoqnisa da gavrcelebisgan. xsenebul konvencias saqarT-saqarT-
velo 2007 wels SeuerTda.
22
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
enaze unda iyos Sedgenili da unda gaices saeqsporto produqciis
mesame qveynis teritoriis datovebamde araumetes 14 dRiT adre.
evrokavSiris fitosanitaruli moTxovnebisgan mesame qveynis
eqsportiori Tavisufldeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mcenareTas da/an
mcenareuli produqtebis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Setanas ar
axlavs mavne organizmebis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. kerZod, Tu:
• mcenareebi da/an mcenareuli produqtebi mxolod gadakveTen
evrokavSiris teritorias;
• mcenareebis da/an mcenareuli produqtebis mxolod mcire
raodenobis eqsporti xdeba arasawarmoo an arakomerciuli
daniSnulebiT;
• mcenareebis da/an mcenareuli produqtebis eqsporti xdeba
samecniero daniSnulebiT an mcenaris saxeobaTa SesarCevi
samuSaosTvis;
• eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mcenareebi da/an mcenareuli
produqtebi moyvanilia mesame qveynisa da evrokavSiris
uSualo sasazRvro zonaSi.
evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili axali
xilisa da bostneulis Sesabamisoba evrokavSiris fitosanitarul
moTxovnebTan mowmdeba evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilze.
evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva
iTvaliswinebs mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur,
saidentifikacio da mcenaris janmrTelobis laboratoriul
Semowmebas. dokumenturi Semowmeba gulisxmobs tvirTis Tanmxlebi
fitosanitaruli sertifikatis Semowmebas, akmayofilebs Tu ara
sertifikati evrokavSiris standartebs. tvirTis identificirebiT
dasturdeba, Seesabameba Tu ara tvirTi sertifikatSi miTiTebul
mcenareebs an mcenareul produqtebs. aseve aucileblad xdeba
tvirTis nawilis an mTliani tvirTis evrokavSiris bazarze
Setanis adgilze fizikuri Semowmebac, rac mcenaris janmrTelobis
dasadgenad sinjebis aRebas gulisxmobs.
mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis dokumentur, saidentifika-
cio da janmrTelobis fizikur Semowmebas evrokavSirSi Sesvlis
adgilze axorcielebs evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetenturi
uwyeba an sabaJo samsaxuri. kompetenturi uwyeba SeiZleba iyos ev-
rokavSiris wevri qveynis mcenaris dacvis organizacia(ebi), an sxva
saxelmwifo struqtura. saidentifikacio da mcenaris janmrTelo-
bis Semowmeba, garda evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgilisa,
aseve SeiZleba ganxorcieldes evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompe-
tenturi uwyebisa da sabaJo samsaxuris mier gansazRvrul rome-
lime sxva adgilze, romelic sazRvarTan axlosaa ganlagebuli.
evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis adgili SeiZleba iyos
23
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
aeroporti, sazRvao porti, rkinigzis da saavtomobilo sasazRvro
punqti. evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, evrokomisias, rogorc wesi,
winaswar awvdian informacias maTi sazRvris gadakveTis punqtebis
adgilmdebareobis Sesaxeb.
evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtivis
mexuTe danarTis B nawilSi CamoTvlili mcenareebis da mcenareuli
produqtebis evrokavSiris bazarze importisas, evrokavSiris wevri
qveynebis moTxovniT importiori evrokavSiris Sesabamis qveyanaSi
unda iyos registrirebuli. Sesabamisad, mesame qveynis eqsportiorma
evrokavSiris sabaJoze unda waradginos importioris (mcenareebis
da/an mcenareuli produqtebis myidvelis) evrokavSiris wevr
qveyanaSi registraciis nomeri.
mavneblebis da mcenareuli daavadebebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi,
importiori, mesame qveynis momwodebels mosTxovs damatebiT
informacias, produqciis pirveladi warmoebis da mosavlis aRebis
Semdgom produqciis movlis Sesaxeb. Tu Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCnda,
rom evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili mesame
qveyanaSi warmoebuli axali xili da bostneuli ar akmayofilebs
evrokavSiris fitosanitarul moTxovnebs, tvirTi evrokavSiris
bazarze ar daiSveba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqsportisTvis gankuTvnili
axali xili da bostneuli janmrTelobisTvis didi safrTxis
Semcvelia, tvirTi evrokavSiris bazarze Sesvlis adgilzeve
ganadgurdeba, tvirTi ganadgurebis xarjebi ki eqsportiors
daekisreba.
mcenareebis da mcenareuli produqtebis, maT Soris axali
xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris teritoriaze Sesvlis Sem-
deg, fitosanitaruli sertifikati Seicvleba mcenaris pasportiT.
mcenaris pasporti aris evrokavSiris wevri qveynis Sesabamisi sam-
saxuris mier gacemuli etiketi, romelic produqciis evrokavSiris
mcenaris janmrTelobis standartebTan Sesabamisobas adasturebs.
xsenebuli dokumenti aucilebelia mcenareebis da mcenareuli
produqtebis evrokavSiris bazris SigniT gadasaadgileblad.
evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 11 oqtombris No 1756/2004 regulaciis
mixedviT, mesame qveynebidan importirebuli im mcenareebis da
mcenareuli produqtebis janmrTeloba, romelTac evrokavSiris
fitosanitaruli moTxovnebis dakmayofileba moeTxovebaT,
SesaZloa gamartivebuli wesiTac Semowmdes. amisaTvis,
evrokavSiris wevri qveyana TxovniT mimarTavs evrokomisias,
importirebuli tvirTis gamartivebuli wesiT Semowmebis
Sesaxeb. evrokomisia amgvar gadawyvetilebas Rebulobs Semdegi
kriteriumebis safuZvelze:
• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, yovelwliurad,
evrokavSiris bazarze, mocemuli mcenaris an mcenareuli
24
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
produqtis saSualod 200 partiis importi xdeba;
• Tu ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi mocemuli mcenaris
da mcenareuli produqtis sul mcire 600 partiis inspeqcia
ganxorcielda;
• Tu produqciis partiebis raodenoba, romelSicAmavneblebi
aRmoCnda, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi importirebuli mocemuli
mcenaris da mcenareuli produqtis mTliani raodenobis
1%-ze naklebs Seadgens;
aRniSnuli kriteriumebis safuZvelze, evrokomisia aqveynebs im
mcenareTa da mcenareul produqtTa sias, romelTa janmrTelobis
dasadgenad tvirTis mxolod garkveuli nawilis Semowmebac sak-
marisia. evrokomisia ganaaxlebs amgvar sias, perioduli Sefase-
bebisa da darRvevebis Sesaxeb miRebuli Setyobinebebis safuZvel-
ze. amJamad, mcenaris janmrTelobis gamartivebuli SemowmebisTvis
rekomendirebulia 52 mcenare da mcenareuli produqti, maT Soris
TurqeTidan eqsportirebuli citrusebic.
evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva aseve
iTvaliswinebs mcenaris janmrTelobis Semowmebis SesaZleblobas
tvirTis “daniSnulebis adgilze”, inspeqciis ukeT Catarebis
mizniT. amgvari Semowmeba xorcieldeba evrokavSiris wevri qveynis
kompetenturi uwyebis TanxmobiT, rasac eqsportiori winaswar
moipovebs Semdegi pirobebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi:
• eqsportirebuli produqcia da/an produqciis gadasatanad
gamoyenebuli transporti kargadaa daluquli da
gamoricxulia infeqciis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba produqciis
daniSnulebis adgilze gadatanisas;
• tvirTi gadatanili unda iqnes evrokavSiris kompetentur
uwyebasTan winaswar SeTanxmebul adgilze;
• tvirTs unda axldes “mcenaris janmrTelobis gadaadgilebis
dokumenti”, romelsac eqsportiori avsebs evrokavSiris
romelime oficialur enaze, evrokavSiris wevri qveynis
kompetenturi uwyebis warmomadgenlis zedamxedvelobis
qveS. “mcenaris janmrTelobis gadaadgilebis dokumentis”
nimuSi mocemulia danarTSi #3.
produqcia gadatanili unda iqnes “mcenaris janmrTelobis
gadaadgilebis dokumentze” miTiTebul adgilze. saTanado inspeq-
ciis Semdeg moxdeba aRniSnuli dokumentis damowmeba, romelsac
eqsportiori sabaJo samsaxurs warudgens sabaJo procedurebis
oficialurad gasaformeblad.
mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze dayrdnobiT, evroka-
vSirma SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT
fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masa-
lis gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis
25
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
Setanisa da gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan damzadebuli yuTi,
doli, CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, ev-
rokavSirSi daiSveba Tu:
• Termuladaa damuSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an
fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) meTil-bromidiT;
• xis yuTs aqvs ISPM158 beWedi, romelzec aRniSnulia mcenaris
dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis
abreviatura, mwarmoebeli da xis masalis damuSavebis tipi.
aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar moqmedebs SesafuTad gamoyenebul iseT
xis masalaze, romelic webos, gacxelebisa da wnevis gamoyenebiTaa
damuSavebuli, magaliTad firficari. evrokavSiris inspeqtorebi
Semowmebisas ISPM15 beWeds Seamowmeben eqportisTvis gankuTvnil xis
masaliT SefuTul tvirTze. sxva saxis sertifikati xis masalisgan
damzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris.
ISPM15 beWdis gamoyenebis nebarTvas gascems mesame qveynis
Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyeba da is ase gamoiyureba:
22
mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciaze dayrdnobiT, evrokavSirma SeimuSava kanonmdebloba, romelic aregulirebs kidev erT fitosanitarul moTxovnas - vaWrobis dros SesafuTad xis masalis gamoyenebas, rasac SeiZleba axldes evrokavSirSi mavneblebis Setanisa da gavrcelebis saSiSroeba. xisgan damzadebuli yuTi, doli, CasatvirTi ficari, romlis zomac siganeSi 6 mm-ze metia, evrokavSirSi daiSveba Tu:
• Termuladaa damuSavebuli 56°C-ze 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi an fumigirebulia (dezinficirebulia) meTil-bromidiT;
• xis yuTs aqvs ISPM158 beWedi, romelzec aRniSnulia mcenaris dacvis saerTaSoriso konvenciis logo, warmoSobis qveynis abreviatura, mwarmoebeli, da xis masalis damuSavebis tipi;
aRniSnuli moTxovnebi ar moqmedebs SesafuTad gamoyenebul iseT xis masalaze, romelic webos, gacxelebisa da wnevis gamoyenebiTaa damuSavebuli, magaliTad firficari. evrokavSiris inspeqtorebi Semowmebisas ISPM15 beWeds Seamowmeben eqportisTvis gankuTvnil xis masaliT SefuTul tvirTze. sxva saxis sertifikati xis masalisgan damzadebuli tvirTis evrokavSirSi Setanisas saWiro ar aris. ISPM15 beWdis gamoyenebis nebarTvas gascems mesame qveynis Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyeba da is ase gamoiyureba:
5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, evrokavSirma, sursaTis uvneblobisa da higienis Sesaxeb mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi SeimuSava. am sakiTxisadmi evrokavSiris kompleqsuri midgoma moicavs sursaTis, maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis, warmoebis yvela etaps da aspeqts, iseTi sakiTxebis CaTvliT, rogoricaa sakvebis damabinZureblebi, pesticidebi, sursaTis SefuTva da etiketireba, kvebis axali
8 ISPM15 – mcenaris dacvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTaSoriso fitosanitaruli beWedi SesafuTad gamoyenebuli xis masalisTvis.
damuSavebis tipi
mwarmoebeli
warmoSobis qveyana
5. evrokavSiris moTxovnebi sursaTis uvneblobasa da higienaze
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, evrokavSirma, sursaTis uvneblobisa
da higienis Sesaxeb mTeli rigi sakanonmdeblo aqtebi SeimuSava. am
sakiTxisadmi evrokavSiris kompleqsuri midgoma moicavs sursaTis,
maT Soris axali xilisa da bostneulis, warmoebis yvela etaps da
aspeqts, iseTi sakiTxebis CaTvliT, rogoricaa sakvebis damabinZu-
reblebi, pesticidebi, sursaTis SefuTva da etiketireba, kvebis axali
produqtebi da genmodificirebuli organizmebi. am kanonmdeblobaSi
mocemuli moTxovnebi vrceldeba rogorc evrokavSirSi warmoebul,
aseve evrokavSiris bazarze importirebul produqtebze da amdenad,
8 ISPM15 – mcenaris dacvis saerTasoriso konvenciis mier SemuSavebuli saerTaSor-
iso fitosanitaruli beWedi SesafuTad gamoyenebuli xis masalisTvis.
26
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
isini mesame qveynebis eqsportiorebisTvisac sayuradReboa.
sursaTis uvneblobis principebis dacvas da evrokavSiris
Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebas uzrunvelyofs evropis
sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri. evropis sursaTis uvneblobis
samsaxuris daniSnulebaa evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis
gaumjobeseba da momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacva. samsaxuri
mudmivad axorcielebs sursaTis uvneblobis, aseve cxovelTa da
mcenareTa janmrTelobis riskis Sefasebebs. riskis Sefasebis
safuZvelze, evropis sursaTis uvneblobis samsaxuri SeimuSavebs
da evrokomisias awvdis mecnierul rekomendaciebs, rac SemdgomSi
evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis kanonmdeblobaSi aisaxeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSiris sabWosa da evroparlamentis 2002
wlis 28 ianvris No 178/2002 regulaciis mixedviT, sursaTis uvneblo-
baze pasuxismgebloba evrokavSirSi sursaTis importiors ekisreba.
Tu importiors safuZvliani eWvi aqvs, rom mis mier evrokavSirSi Seta-
nili produqcia ar akmayofilebs sursaTis uvneblobis standartebs,
man dauyovnebliv unda amoiRos saeWvo saqoneli bazridan da amis
Sesaxeb acnobos evrokavSiris Sesabamisi wevri qveynis kompetentur
uwyebebs. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu produqtma ukve miaRwia momxmareblamde,
distributorma momxmarebels saTanado informacia unda miawodos
produqciis bazridan amoRebis Taobaze.
evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2002 wlis 28 ianvris
No 178/2002 regulaciis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze saqonlis
Setanisas importiorma sursaTis warmoebis, gadamuSavebis
da distribuciis yvela etapze unda uzrunvelyos da unda
daamtkicos, rom mis mier importisTvis gamzadebuli sursaTi ar
aris mavnebeli da evrokavSiris sursaTis uvneblobis moTxovnebs
akmayofilebs. mavnebeli sursaTis mikvlevadobis uzrunvelsayofad,
sursaTis imპortiori valdebulia, flobdes informacias rogorc
importisTvis gankuTvnili sursaTis warmoSobis, aseve sursaTis
mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb. zemoT aRniSnuli regulaciis me-18 muxlis
Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris bazarze sursaTis Setanisas, imortiorma
evrokavSiris wevri qveynis kompetentur uwyebas, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi, Semdegi informacia unda warudginos:
• mesame qveynis mimwodeblis saxeli da misamarTi,
produqtis warmoSobis qveyana da tranzaqciis TariRi;
• produqciis moculoba da xarisxi, produqciis detaluri
aRweriloba da rigiTi nomeri;
evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2004 wlis 29 aprilis
No 852/2004 regulacia awesebs higienis zogad moTxovnebs, romlebic
sursaTis mwarmoeblebma unda daakmayofilon. sursaTis mwarmoebe-
li valdebulia:
27
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
• daicvas sursaTi haerisgan, niadagisgan, wylisgan, sasuqis-
gan, cxovelebis, mavneblebis da sxva SesaZlo faqtore-
bisgan gamowveuli dabinZurebisgan;
• sursaTs ganaridos dabinZurebis safrTxis Semcveli
nivTierebebi;
• daicvas sursaTis warmoebisTvis gamoyenebuli aRWurvi-
lobis, manqana-danadgarebisa da satransporto saSual-
ebebis sisufTave;
• uzrunvelyos sursaTis higienurad warmoeba, trans-
portireba da Senaxva;
• sursaTis dabinZurebis Tavidan asacileblad gamoiyenos
sasmeli an sufTa wyali;
• uzrunvelyos sursaTis warmoebis procesSi monawile per-
sonalis janmrTelobis damakmayofilebeli mdgomareoba;
• gaiTvaliswinos mcenaris gamokvlevebis Sedegebi, rom-
lebic mniSvnelovania adamianisa da cxovelis janmrTe-
lobisTvis;
• kanoniTa dadgenil farglebSi gamoiyenos mcenaris
dasacavi produqtebi da biocidebi;
• aRweros mis mier gatarebuli prevenciuli zomebi, gan-
sakuTrebiT mavneblebisa da daavadebebis gavrcelebis
an janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovani Semowmebebis Cat-
arebis dros mcenaris dasacavi produqtebisa da bio-
cidebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi.
axali xili da bostneuli, iseve rogorc sxva saxis sursaTi,
SeiZleba aRmoCndes mikrobiologiuri dabinZurebis safrTxis
winaSe. safrTxes ZiriTadad warmoadgens ori paTogenuri baqteria
– salmonela da listeria. amgvari safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad
evrokavSiri awesebs sursaTis mikrobilogiur moTxovnebs, romlebic
mesame qveynidan importirebul produqciazec vrceldeba.
sursaTis mikrobilogiuri moTxovnebi mocemulia evrokomisi-
is 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulaciaSi. regulaciis
pirveli danarTi adgens specifikuri mikrobebis limitebs sakveb-
is sxvadasxva kategoriisTvis, maT Soris axali xilisa da bost-
neulis garkveuli saxeobebisTvis. salmonelas gavrcelebis sa-
frTxesTan dakavSirebiT, regulaciaSi aRsaniSnavia “ayvavebuli
Teslis” da sakvebad gamzadebuli “daWrili xilisa da bostneu-
lis” kategoriebi. aseTi sursaTis arcerTi erTeuli ar unda Sei-
cavdes salmonelas. oficialuri SemowmebisTvis unda moxdes 25
gr. sinjis 5 erTeulad aReba. salmonelas Tundac sinjis erT
erTeulSi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi produqti ar unda iqnas daSve-
buli bazarze.
28
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
listeriis SemTxvevaSi, sayuradReboa regulaciaSi mocemu-
li sursaTis Semdegi kategoria “saWmelad gamzadebuli sakvebi,
romelic xels uwyobs listeriis monocitogenis zrdas, garda
bavSvis sakvebisa da samedicino daniSnulebis produqtebisa”.
baqteriis dasaSvebi raodenoba da sinjis aRebis moTxovna lis-
teriozisTvisac igivea da igi produqtis jer kidev mwarmoeblis
kontrolis qveS yofnis etapze xorcieldeba. produqtis bazarze
Setanis Semdeg sinji unda gakeTdes 1 gr. raodenobiT 5 erTeu-
lad. TiToeul erTeulSi dasaSvebia mxolod 100 cfu/g (mikroor-
ganizmebis koloniis Semqmneli erTeuli/gramze)9 baqteriis arse-
boba.
evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi valdebulni arian, uzrunvelyon
axali xilisa da bostneulisTvis dawesebuli mikrobiologiuri
kriteriumebis dacva da maTi monitoringi, maT Soris importire-
bul produqciaze. evrokavSiris wevri TiToeuli qveynis Sesabami-
si kompetenturi uwyeba axdens am kriteriumebis mixedviT sakvebi
produqtebis Semowmebas rogorc evrokavSiris bazarze maT Se-
tanamde, aseve bazarze moxvedris Semdeg. kriteriumebis darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi, importisTvis gankuTvnili sakvebi produqti evrokav-
Siris bazarze ar daiSveba da evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifo amis
Sesaxeb evrokomisias acnobebs. Tu importi ukve ganxorcielda da
mavnebelma produqciam momxmareblamde miaRwia, mavnebeli produq-
cia bazridan amoRebul unda iqnas da eqsportiors ekisreba momx-
mareblis saTanadod informirebis valdebuleba.
evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportirebuli sursaTi aseve unda ak-
mayofilebdes sursaTis damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Sesaxeb ev-
rokavSiris kanonmdeblobis moTxovnebs. sursaTis “dabinZureba”
ganisazRvreba, rogorc biologiuri, qimiuri an fizikuri ucxo niv-
Tierebis arseboba, romelic ar aris mizanSewonili sursaTisTvis,
miuxedavad imisa sazianoa is Tu ara cxovelis an adamianis jan-
mrTelobisTvis da garemosTvis. sursaTSi damabinZurebeli niv-
Tiereba rogorc misi warmoebisa da marketingis sxvadasxva etapze,
aseve garemos dabinZurebis Sedegadac SeiZleba aRmoCndes.
evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia
adgens garkveuli damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis Semcvelobis
zRvrul dones kvebis produqtebisTvis, maT Soris axali xilisa da
bostneulisTvis:
• nitratis Semcveloba ispanaxsa da salaTaSi;
• sxvadasxva mikotoqsinis Semcveloba TxilebSi, mSral
xilSi, burRuleulSi da sxva;
• metalebis Semcveloba xilSi, bostneulSi, kenkraSi da
sxva;
9 http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/controls/foodfeed/sampling_testing.pdf
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
• 3- meTil-ciklo-propenis (3-MCPD) Semcveloba
hidrolizebul mcenareul cilebSi da sxva.
aRniSnuli moTxovnebis dacva mkacrad kontroldeba evrokavSiris
bazarze sursaTis eqsportisas. evrokavSiris sazRvris gadakveTis
adgilze produqcias utardeba SerCeviTi laboratoriuli
Semowmeba da darRvevebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi evrokavSiris
Sesabamisi uwyebebi eqsports SeaCereben.
evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis
No 396/2005 regulacia da am regulaciaze dayrdnobiT SemuSაvabuli
evrokomisiis Sesabamisi direqtivebi, aregulireben sursaTSi
dasaSvebi pesticidebis gamoyenebas. pesticidi aris biologiuri
nivTiereba, romelic gamoiyeneba sakvebis, adamianis janmrTelobisa
da garemosTvis saziano mavneblebis gasanadgureblad an maTi
kontrolisTvis. aseTi mavneblebia: mRrRnelebi, mwerebi, sokoebi da
mcenareebi. maT sawinaaRmdegod SeiZleba mxolod oficialurad
daSvebuli pesticidebis gamoyeneba.
evrokavSiris sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117 direqtivis
mixedviT, akrZalulia Semdegi pesticidebis gamoyeneba:
A. dariSxanis naerTebi:
• vercxliswylis oqsidi;
• vercxliswylis qloridi (kalomeli);
• vercxliswylis Semcveli sxva araorganuli naerTebi;
• vercxliswylis tuteebis Semcveli naerTebi;
• alkoqsialkilebi da vercxliswylis arilebis Semcveli
naerTebi.
B. aradegradirebadi qlororganuli nivTierebebi:
• aldrini;
• qlordani;
• dieldrini;
• ddt (diqloro-difenil-triqloreTani); • endrini;
• heqsaqlorani, romelic Seicavs 99%-ze nakleb gama izomers;
• heptaqlorani;
• heqsaqlorbenzeni;
C. sxva naerTebi:
• eTilenis oqsidi;
• nitrofeni;
• 1,2-dibromeTani;
• 1,2- diqloreTani;
• dinosebi (ZmarmJava da Cveulebrivi marilebi);
• binapakrili;
• kaptafoli;
30
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
• dikofoli (romelic Seicavs 78 %-ze nakleb dikofols an
1g/kg-ze met ddt-s);
• maleinis mJavis hidrazidi (garda qolinis, fosforis da
sodis marilebisa);
• qolinis, fosforis da sodis marilebi, romlebic Seicaven 1
mg/kg-ze met hidrazins;
• qintozeni, romelic Seicavs 1 mg/kg-ze met heqsaqlorbenzens
an 10g/kg-ze met pentaqlorbenzens.
evrokavSiri adgens pesticidebis dasaSveb raodenobas kvebis
produqtebisTvis. narCenis zRvruli raodenoba (MRLs – Maximum Residue Levels) aris pesticidis koncentraciis maqsimaluri raodenoba
sursaTSi, romelic gansazRvrulia individualuri nayofis/
pesticidis kombinaciisTvis. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris
sabWos 2005 wlis 23 Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia awesebs narCenis
zRvrul dones 600 substanciisTvis, rac dawvrilebiT mocemulia
evrokavSiris pesticidebis monacemTa bazaSi10.
axali xilisa da bostneulis evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportio-
rebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom eqsportisTvis gankuTvnil sursaTSi
pesticidebis raodenoba ar aRematebodes evrokavSiris mier dawese-
bul pesticidebis narCenis zRvrul raodenobas. evrokavSirSi Sesv-
lis adgilze Catarebuli SerCeviTi Semowmebis Sedegad aRmoCenili
darRvevebis SemTxvevaSi, tvirTi evrokavSiris bazarze ar daiSveba.
eqsportiorebma aseve Tvalyuri unda adevnon narCenis zRvruli
raodenobis cvlilebas, raTa evrokavSiris axali moTxovnebi drou-
lad (eqsportis ganxorcielebamde) iqnes gaTvaliswinebuli.
sursaTis uvneblobis Sesaxeb evrokavSiris kanonmdebloba aseve
aregulirebs sursaTSi sakvebi danamatebis dasaSveb raodenobas.
“sakvebi danamati”, evrokavSiris sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107 direqtivis mixedviT ganisazRvreba, rogorc “nebismieri niv-
Tiereba, romelic ar moixmareba rogorc sakvebi da ar warmoadgens
sakvebis maxasiaTebel ingredients, romlis sakvebSi gamiznulad
gamoyenebac teqnologiuri daniSnulebiT warmoebis, gadamuSaveb-
is, momzadebis, damuSavebis, SefuTvis, transportirebis an Senaxvis
dros gamoiwvevs mis gadaqcevas am sakvebis komponentad”.
aRniSnuli direqtiviT daSvebulia sakvebi danamtebis mxolod
Semdegi kategoriebis gamoyeneba:
• feri;
• konservanti;
• anti-oqsidanti;
• emulgatori;
• maril-emulgatori;
10 http://ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public/index.cfm.
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
• gamaTxelebeli;
• Jele nivTiereba;
• Stabilizatori;
• gemos gamaumjobesebeli;
• mJava;
• mJavis regulatori;
• gamocxobis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;
• modificirebuli saxamebeli;
• damatkbobeli;
• gasafuebeli nivTiereba;
• aqafebis sawinaaRmdego nivTiereba;
• moWiqvis nivTiereba;
• fqvilis dasamuSavebeli nivTiereba;
• gamamyarebeli nivTiereba;
• higroskopuli nivTiereba;
• seqvestranti (4);• fermenti (4) (5);• Semavsebeli;
• samoZrao da SesafuTi airi;
• asaqafebeli nivTiereba.
sakvebi danamatebis umetesobis gamoyeneba mxolod SezRuduli
raodenobiTaa daSvebuli garkveuli sasursaTo produqtebisTvis.
sakvebis zogierTi danamatisTvis ar aris dawesebuli maqsimaluri
zRvari, Tumca maTi gamoyeneba unda moxdes saTanado sawarmoo
praqtikis Sesabamisad, iseTi raodenobiT, rac aucilebelia
konkretuli miznis misaRwevad da rac ar iwvevs momxmareblis
SecdomaSi Seyvanas. sakvebi danamati, aseTis Semcvelobis SemTxvevaSi,
miTiTebuli unda iyos sursaTis etiketze.
32
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
danarTi #1
axali xilisa da bostneulis marketingul standartebTan
Sesabamisobis sertifikatis forma
33
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
danarTi #2
axali xilisa da bostneulis samrewvelo gamoyenebis
sertifikatis forma
34
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
danarTi #3
fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma
35
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
fitosanitaruli sertifikatis forma reeqsportisTvis
36
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
danarTi #4
mcenaris gadaadgilebis dokumenti
37
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
danarTi #5
publikaciaSi gamoyenebuli evrokavSiris sakanonmdeblo
dokumentebi
1. evrokavSiris sabWos 2007 wlis 22 oqtombris No 1234/2007 regulacia;
2. evrokomisiis 2007 wlis 21 dekembris No 1580/2007 regulacia;
3. evrokomisiis 2008 wlis 5 dekembris No 1221/2008 regulacia;4. evrokavSiris sabWos 2000 wlis 8 maisis No 2000/29 direqtiva;
5. evrokomisiis 2004 wlis 7 oqtombris No 2004/103 direqtiva;
6. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2002 wlis 28
ianvris No 178/2002 regulacia;
7. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2004 wlis 29
aprilis No 852/2004 regulacia;
8. evrokomisiis 2005 wlis 15 noembris No 2073/2005 regulacia;
9. evrokomisiis 2006 wlis 19 dekembris No 1881/2006 regulacia;
10. evroparlamentisa da evrokavSiris sabWos 2005 wlis 23
Tebervlis No 396/2005 regulacia;
11. evrokavSiris sabWos 1978 wlis 21 dekembris No 79/117
direqtiva;
12. evrokavSiris sabWos 1988 wlis 21 dekembris No 89/107 direqtiva.
38
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
SUMMARY
EXPORT OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FROM THIRD COUNTRIES TO THE EUROPEAN UNION MARKET
1. FORWARD
Present publication describes the requirements for export of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to the European Union market. Accessing the EU market by third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables requires compliance with regulations designed by the EU to ensure food safety and plant health within the EU. The EU also sets marketing standards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables which are also applicable for imports from third countries (including Georgia). In addition to the strict regulatory framework, exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables should be aware of certification and inspection rules at the point of entry into the EU.
The EU legislation defines two main food categories: food of animal origin and non-animal origin. All agricultural products including Fresh Fruits and Vegetables belong to the latter. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables include fresh fruits, vegetables, herbs, sprouts, mushrooms as well as precut ready to eat fruits and vegetables. Food of non-animal origin is entitled to less strict import rules in the EU than the food of animal origin. While third country exporters of products of animal origin need to acquire a special imports approval from the EU (and need an adjunction to the list of third country enterprises, which are allowed to export food of animal origin to the EU market) this rule doesn’t apply to the exporters of the products of non-animal origin. However, third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables still must comply with the relevant EU legislation, which is provided in the present publication.
2. MARKETING STANDARDS FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
The EU sets general and specific marketing standards for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, which are laid down in the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008. According to the EU marketing standards, Fresh Fruits and Vegetables are allowed on the EU market, if the products are sound, of market quality and if the country of origin is marked on the product. Marketing standards specify the quality, classification, size, packaging, storing, transporting, presentation and labeling requirements of the products. The purpose of marketing standards is to inform consumers about the quality of the product and its origin. General marketing standards
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
are provided in Annex A of the European Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008. General marketing standards determine minimum quality requirements for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables, also minimum maturity requirements, tolerance to those requirements and a requirement to mark the origin of produce.
In order to ensure that Fresh Fruits and Vegetables exports from third countries meet the EU marketing standards, exporters are required to have a Certificate of Conformity. Certificate of Conformity indicates that the exported products comply with the EU marketing standards. Certificate of Conformity can be acquired by the third country exporters either in the exporting country or at the point of entry into the European Union. Inspection bodies of the EU Member States carry out conformity checks of consignments of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables with the information provided in the Certificate of Conformity. Relevant certification and inspection procedures are described in the second chapter of the publication and model Certificate of Conformity can be found in the Annex.
3. SPECIFIC MARKETING STANDARDS FOR CITRUS FRUIT
According to the Commission Regulation No 1221/2008 of 5 December 2008, Specific marketing standards apply only to the following 10 products: apples, citrus fruit, kiwifruit, lettuces, peaches and nectarines, pears, strawberries, sweet peppers, table grapes and tomatoes. Third chapter of this publication provides information on the specific marketing standards for citrus fruits which is one of the major export products in Georgia.
Specific marketing standards for citrus fruit apply to varieties of lemons, mandarins and oranges. Specific marketing standards for citrus fruit consist of minimum quality requirements, maturity requirements defined by colouring and minimum juice content, classification, sizing, presentation, and provisions concerning marking of the produce.
4. SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES FOR PLANTS AND PLANT PRODUCTS
The EU has developed a set of sanitary and phytosanitary measures which ensure human and plant health within the European Union. These requirements are laid down in the Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8 2000. The EU phytosanitary measures also apply to certain plant products including some fruits and vegetables. Third country exporters are required to provide a Phytosanitary Certificate at the point of entry into the European Union. Therefore, it is essential for third country exporters of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to comply with EU’s sanitary and phytosanitary measures for plants and plant products.
Phytosanitary Certificate must be issued by the competent authority in the third country and must confirm that the exported agricultural products are not contaminated
40
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
with harmful chemical contaminants or micro-organisms, which can cause harm to human or plant health and which are capable of carrying plant diseases. The model Phytosanitary Certificates are provided in the annex of the present publication.
Conformity checks for phytosanitary requirements for plants and plant products are carried out by the inspection bodies of the EU Member States at point of entry into the European Union. Council Directive No 2000/29 of May 8, 2000 stipulates physical, documentary and identity checks of consignments of plants and plant products. If the inspection detects harmful organisms or plant diseases the exporters will be refused to enter the EU. In some cases the harmful plant and plant product consignments may be destroyed at the place of inspection.
5. FOOD SAFETY AND HYGIENE REQUIREMENTS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Exports of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables to the EU market is subject to strict check of compliance with regard to EU food safety and hygiene requirements, such as restrictions on certain food additives, pesticide residues and chemical contaminants. Member States of the European Union decide where to carry out the official checks and random testing - at point of entry, distribution or retail sale.
The EU food safety legislation is built on the Regulation of the Council and Parliament No 178/2002 of January 22, 2002, which stipulates that all imported food shall comply with EU food safety standards. Under this regulation, food business operator (i.e. importer) is responsible for traceability of the food exported to the EU, which means that the importer should be able to provide all necessary information about the primary production and post harvest handling of the produce in order to satisfy EU food safety requirements. If the importer has a reasonable concern about the quality of the food imported in the EU the importer should inform relevant authorities and the food must be withdrawn from the EU market.
Last chapter of this publication provides general hygiene requirements for primary production of food, which are also applicable to growing and harvesting of fruits and vegetables. This chapter also describes relevant EU rules on microbiological contamination, chemical contaminants, pesticides approved for use in the EU and those which are banned, also harmonised Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) for pesticides and food additives.
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
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mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi
Tbilisi 2010
mesame qveynebidan evrokavSiris bazarze axali xilisa da bostneulis eqsportis sakiTxebi