Mercury Measurement Programs within NOAA/ARL

Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Steve Brooks, Mark Cohen, Tilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston LukeTilden Meyers, Paul Kelley, Winston Luke

NOAA/Air Resources LaboratoryNOAA/Air Resources Laboratory

Prepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury MeetingPrepared for the NOAA Atmospheric Mercury MeetingNovember 14November 14--15, 2006, Silver Spring, MD15, 2006, Silver Spring, MD

I. Intensive MonitoringI. Intensive Monitoring

Previous Intensive Measurements:Previous Intensive Measurements:Cove Cove MtnMtn, TN , TN --Summer 2002Summer 2002Gulf of Mexico (Ship) Gulf of Mexico (Ship) ––Summer 2003Summer 2003Oxford and Oxford and WyeWye, MD , MD ––Summer 2004Summer 2004HarcumHarcum, VA , VA ––Summer 2005Summer 2005TEXAQSII, Moody Towers TEXAQSII, Moody Towers ––Summer 2006Summer 2006

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Hour of Day

ng m

-3

Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.ELA, Canada

Diurnal Hg(0) ConcentrationsDiurnal Hg(0) Concentrations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Hour of Day

pg m

-3

Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.

Diurnal HgDiurnal Hg--p Concentrationsp Concentrations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Hour of Day

pg m

-3

Harcum, VAOxfordWyeGulf of Mex.Cove Mtn.ELA, Canada

Diurnal RGM ConcentrationsDiurnal RGM Concentrations

10 - 2020 - 50

50 - 100

100 – 200

Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 emissionsof Hg(II) (kg/yr)

coal

incinerator

metals

manuf/other

Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source

other fuel

9 AM - 7 PMother times

200pg/m3

100pg/m3

Concentration of RGM as a function of wind

direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)

1999 RGM emissions near Oxford, Maryland

Wind speed and direction at Oxford (Jun-Aug, 2004)

Hg(0), RGM, Hg-p -TEXAQSII/Moody Towers 2006

0102030405060708090

100

240 240.5 241 241.5 242 242.5 243 243.5 244 244.5 245Julian Decimal Day, 2006

[RG

M, H

g-p]

pg

m-3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

[Hg(

0)] n

g m

-3

RGM

Hg-p

Hg(0)

Hg(0), RGM, Hg-p -TEXAQSII/Moody Towers 2006

0102030405060708090

100

275 275.5 276 276.5 277 277.5 278 278.5 279 279.5 280Julian Decimal Day, 2006

[RG

M, H

g-p]

pg

m-3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

[Hg(

0)] n

g m

-3

RGM

Hg-p

Hg(0)

NERILABTOP

Ultrasonic anemometer Ultrasonic anemometercontroller box

Switch controlbox

Mass flow controller

Switching valves

Pump

Heating mantels with denuders

II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)II. Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (RGM)

III. LongIII. Long--term Monitoringterm Monitoring

Canaan Valley Institute-NOAA

BeltsvilleEPA-NOAA

Three sites committed to speciated mercury

ambient concentration measurement network

Grand BayNOAA

Motivation and Goals Motivation and Goals •• Establish longEstablish long--term data record of ambient term data record of ambient

concentrations (Hgconcentrations (Hg00, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition, RGM, FPM) & Wet Deposition

•• Discern trends in atmospheric concentrationsDiscern trends in atmospheric concentrations

•• Derive dry deposition estimatesDerive dry deposition estimates

•• Concurrent measurements of secondary and coConcurrent measurements of secondary and co--emitted primary pollutantsemitted primary pollutants

•• Elucidate sourceElucidate source--receptor relationshipsreceptor relationships

•• Correlation with ancillary trace species to better Correlation with ancillary trace species to better understand the origins and chemical cycling of understand the origins and chemical cycling of mercury in the atmospheremercury in the atmosphere

•• Data set for model evaluation Data set for model evaluation

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

Grand Bay Grand Bay Estuarine Estuarine Research ReserveResearch Reserve

10

Barry

Holcim Cement

NOAA Grand BayNERR Hg site

WeeksBay

OLF

Molino

Pace

Ellyson

Jack Watson

AL24

AL02

Crist

Pascagoula MSW incin

haz waste incin

paper manufpaper manuf

Victor J. Daniel

MobileBay

Mobile

Pascagoula

Mississippi Alabama

NOAA

SEARCH

USGS

UWF/FSU

MDN

Monitoring Site

coal-fired power plant

waste incinerator

manufacturing

metallurgical

other fuel combustion

type of mercuryemissions source

total atmosphericmercury emissions (kg/yr, 1999 EPA NEI)

50 - 100

100 - 200

200 - 400

1 – 50

Location of the new NOAA Grand Bay NERR Atmospheric Mercury monitoring site, other atmospheric Hg monitoring sites, and major Hg point sources in the region (EPA 1999 NEI emissions inventory)

1

10 km

Pascagoula MSW Incinerator

Pascagoula, MS

1

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

1 km

30.4294, -88.4277

30.412, -88.404

1

Grand Bay NERR SiteGrand Bay NERR Site

BB

BB

CC

CC

CC

CC

CC

AA

AA

AA

AA

AA

AA

AA

TypeType

**Relative HumidityRelative Humidity

**Wind DirectionWind Direction

**Wind speedWind speed

**Nitrogen Oxides (NO, Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOyNOy))

Oct 2006Oct 2006Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Oct 2006Oct 2006OzoneOzone

Oct 2006Oct 2006Sulfur dioxideSulfur dioxide

Sept 2006Sept 2006Reactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury

Sept 2006Sept 2006Elemental mercuryElemental mercury

**Major ions in precipitationMajor ions in precipitation

**Total mercury in precipitationTotal mercury in precipitation

**PrecipitationPrecipitation

**TemperatureTemperature

Sept 2006Sept 2006Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury

Start DateStart DateMeasurementMeasurement

Type of Measurement:A = concentration in ambient airB = concentration in precipitationC = meteorological parameter

Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurementsat Grand Bay NERR, Mississippiat Grand Bay NERR, Mississippi

* to be established

1

View looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife ServView looking south and west from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ice Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRPavilion at Grand Bay NERR

15

Pictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring SitePictures of Planned (Eventual) Monitoring Site

View looking east from the U.S. Fish View looking east from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pavilion at and Wildlife Service Pavilion at Grand Bay NERRGrand Bay NERR

coal

incinerator

metals

manuf/other

Symbol colorindicates typeof mercury source

1 - 5050 - 100

100 - 200

200 – 400

400 - 700

700 – 1000

> 1000

Symbol size andshape indicates 1999 mercuryemissions, kg/yr

rural AQS

NADP/MDN

CASTNet

IMPROVE

Monitoring sites

other AQS

Hg site

100 miles from DC

Bremo

Beltsville monitoring site

Morgantown

Chalk Point

Dickerson

Possum Point

Large Incinerators: 3 medical waste,

1 MSW, 1 haz waste(Total Hg ~ 500 kg/yr)

Brunner Island

Eddystone

Arlington - Pentagon MSW Incin

Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner

Montgomery CountyMSW Incin

Beltsville, MDBeltsville, MDCASTNetCASTNet SiteSite

Harford County MSW Incin

Simplified wet/dry depositionSimplified wet/dry deposition

no plume chemistryno plume chemistry

EDASEDAS--40 km met data (340 km met data (3--hr res) hr res)

results displayed are the concentration results displayed are the concentration averaged between 0averaged between 0--10 meters above the 10 meters above the ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous ground for a 1 gram/hr continuous emissions rateemissions rate

Morgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hrMorgantown RGM ~120 kg/yr or ~14 g/hr

Example Example ---- 1010--1111 g/m3 (dark blue) is in the g/m3 (dark blue) is in the range 10range 10--1111 to 10to 10--99 ~ 140 ~ 140 –– 14,000 pg/m314,000 pg/m3

Example Example ---- 1010--1313 g/m3 (green) is in the range g/m3 (green) is in the range 1010--1313 to 10to 10--1111 ~ 1.4 ~ 1.4 -- 140 pg/m3140 pg/m3

Simple dispersion example for emissions from Simple dispersion example for emissions from Morgantown coalMorgantown coal--fired power plantfired power plant

Beltsville site

18

11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-050.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Hg(

0) c

once

ntra

tion

(ng/

m3)Hg(0)

data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier

Hg Concentrations at Beltsville

Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time

11-Aug-05 16-Aug-05 21-Aug-05 26-Aug-05 31-Aug-05 05-Sep-05 10-Sep-050

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

RG

M c

once

ntra

tion

(pg/

m3) RGM

data generously provided for discussion purposes by Fabien Laurier

Hg Concentrations at Beltsville

Note – times shown are UTC, e.g., 7 PM UTC = 3 PM Eastern Daylight Savings Time

SOSO4422--, NO, NO33

--, NH, NH33, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Hourly) (Hourly)

SOSO4422--, NO, NO33

--, NH, NH44++, HNO, HNO33, SO, SO22 (Weekly) (Weekly)

Relative HumidityRelative HumidityWind DirectionWind DirectionWind speedWind speed

Nitrogen Oxides (NO, Nitrogen Oxides (NO, NOyNOy))Carbon MonoxideCarbon MonoxideOzoneOzoneSulfur dioxideSulfur dioxideReactive gaseous mercuryReactive gaseous mercury

Elemental mercuryElemental mercury

Major ions in precipitation (weekly)Major ions in precipitation (weekly)Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)Total mercury in precipitation (weekly)

PrecipitationPrecipitationTemperatureTemperature

Fine particulate mercuryFine particulate mercury

MeasurementMeasurement

Status of Atmospheric MeasurementsStatus of Atmospheric Measurementsat Beltsville, MD at Beltsville, MD CASTNetCASTNet SiteSite