Mental and Emotional Health

Chapter 7

Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Person Feels comfortable

with himself or herself

Has good relationships with others

Meets the demands of life

Types of EmotionsSection 7.1

Love Happiness Optimism Humor Fear Anger Guilt Depression Jealousy

Love Love is the feeling of

strong affection or caring for another person.

We all have the need to love, and the need to be loved by others.

Happiness Happiness is a feeling

of joy and well-being or contentment

Optimism Feeling optimistic

means feeling that life experiences will be positive

Humor Humor provides a

way of expressing negative emotions in a more positive way.

Laughter can increase the effectiveness of your immune system in fighting disease.

Fear Fear is the feeling of

danger Fear is often learned

from experiences you had when you were young

Use environmental planning and self talk to manage fear.

Anger Anger is a strong feeling

of irritation. Everyone feels angry at

some time, the important thing is how you deal with the anger.

Channel emotions appropriately or do something physical but positive to manage anger.

Guilt Guilt is the feeling

that you have done something wrong or are responsible for something bad happening.

To manage guilt, find the source of your guilt and try to correct it.

Depression Depression is a feeling of

anxiety, loneliness, and despair.

It can interfere with the ability to carry out daily activities.

To manage depression, try to identify why you feel that way and try to put it in perspective.

Jealousy Jealousy is the feeling

of wanting something that someone else has or the fear of losing something that you have.

To manage jealousy, discuss the it with the other person involved.

Loneliness Loneliness is a

feeling of isolation or alienation.

Engage in activities that will make you part of a group.

Shyness Shyness is the feeling

of being timid or bashful.

Engage in activities that will make you part of a group an d don’t be afraid to try new things.

Defense Mechanisms and Positive Strategies

Section 7.2

Common Defense Mechanisms Compensation Daydreaming Denial Displacement Projection Rationalization

Reaction formation Regression Repression Sublimation Somatization

Compensation Covering a weakness by overachieving in

another area Example: focusing all your attention on

sports because you think you are a better athlete than student

Daydreaming Escaping from an unpleasant situation by

using your imagination Example: in the dentists chair you focus

on the fun you are going to have over the weekend

Denial Failure to accept reality Example: refusing to accept the death of a

relative or a close friend, refusing to accept that a romantic relationship is over

Displacement The transfer of negative feelings about

someone to someone else. Example: you are very angry with you

mother and you take it out on your sister or your best friend.

Projection Putting (projecting) negative feelings on

someone else. Example: blaming your teacher for failing

a test you did not study for.

Rationalization Justifying irrational behavior. Example: not doing your homework one

evening because you feel like you’ve spent too much time on your schoolwork

Reaction Formation Expressing emotions that are the exact

opposite of what you feel. Example: acting like a clown in a group to

hide your feelings.

Regression Using childlike ways of expressing

emotions like anger or disappointment Example: throwing a tantrum when you

don’t get to watch your favorite TV program.

Repression Blocking out unpleasant memories. Example: forgetting when you were in the

hospital.

Sublimation Redirecting bad or unacceptable behavior

into positive behavior. Example: channeling your aggression into

an athletic sport where aggressive behavior is acceptable.

Somatization Converting emotions into bodily

symptoms. Example: getting stomach cramps every

time final exams are scheduled.

Self-ideal is your mental image of what you would like to be.

Self-concept is the current mental image you have of yourself.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self-actualization-fulfilling your potential Self-esteem-respecting yourself and others Love and affection-your ability to give and

receive affection; Feeling of belonging Safety and security-your ability to protect

yourself from harm Physiological needs-fulfilling your needs for

food, water, shelter, sleep and sexual expression

Types of Mental and Emotional Disorders

Section 7.3

Organic Disorders Mental and emotional

disorders resulting form a physical cause.

For example, a brain tumor can affect mood, speech and comprehension.

Eating Disorders Anorexia- excessive

dieting resulting in a state of self starvation

Bulimia- bingeing on food then purging to avoid weight gain

Anxiety Disorder A condition in which

fear or anxiety prevents one from enjoying life and completing everyday tasks

Types of Anxiety Disorders General anxiety disorder- constant feeling of

anxiety and fear with physical symptoms Obsessive-compulsive disorder- persistent

recurring thoughts accompanied with the need to repeatedly perform a certain action

Panic disorder- intense feelings of terror that occur suddenly without a cause

Phobia- persistent fear of something

Dissociative Disorders A condition in which

someone’s personality changes to the point that the person believes that sometimes he or she is someone else

Types of Dissociative Disorders Multiple personality disorder- having two

or more distinctive personalities which can show different physical conditions and are often the exact opposite of each other

Amnesia- loss of memory

Mood Disorder A condition in which

one mood is experienced almost to the exclusion of other feelings

Types of Mood Disorders Depression- experiencing feelings of

sadness, loneliness, and hopelessness for an extended period of time

Bipolar disorder (manic-depressive) - experiencing exaggerated feelings of euphoria, irritability, depression; Exaggerated mood swings; Reckless behavior

Personality Disorder An emotional

condition in which a parson's patterns of behavior negatively affect the person’s ability to get a long with others

Types of Personality Disorders Antisocial personality disorder- showing a

preference to remain distant from others’ Paranoia- consistent mistrust of others for

no reason Aggression- behavior that displays an inner

conflict between being dependent and being assertive which results in erratic moods

Somatoform Disorder An emotional

condition in which there are physical symptoms but no identifiable disease or injury. The physical symptoms are caused by psychological factors.

Types of Somatoform Disorders Hypochondriasis- believing and showing

signs of serious illness without any physical cause

Schizophrenia Impaired perceptions,

thinking processes, emotional health, and physical activity

Seeking Help

Section 7.4

When to Seek Help A prolonged feeling of depression Feeling life is out of control Inability to concentrate or make decisions Difficulty getting along with family or

friends

Intense fears Persistent difficulty sleeping Emotional problems dealing with physical

illness Inability to stop destructive behaviors like

drinking, overeating, and abusing drugs

Who Can Help? Parent Teacher School counselor Doctor Clergy member Mental and emotional

health services

Types of Therapy Psychoanalysis Behavioral Therapy Group Therapy Chemical Therapy

Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis is a

form of therapy used to examine unresolved conflicts from the past

Behavioral Therapy Behavioral therapy

focuses on the patients behavior rather then on the underlying cause.

Group Therapy In group therapy,

people with similar problems meet with a therapist to discuss their problems

Chemical Therapy Chemical therapy is

the use of drugs to treat mental and emotional disorders