Menstruation Through Drawings

Menstrual Cycle – Write this in!

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Fill in the following:

• Menstruation

•Menstrual Cramps

•Pregnancy is likely

• PMS

• Ovulation

•Breast Self Exam (BSE)

Pregnancy is likely in the

middle of the cycle

PMS Days 22-28

Ovulation Day 14BSECramps

Menstruation

1

14

721

3

1117

24

2

4

56

910

8

13 1215

16

22

18

19

20

23

2526

27 28

1-5 Menstruation

1-3Cramps

7-9BSE14

Ovulation

11-16 Pregnancy Likely

22-28PMS

Ovulation - release of the ovum from the ovary into the fallopian tube

• Menstruation• shedding the lining of the

uterus and ovum

Fertilization• when the ovum and sperm meet =

pregnancy

ovary

Fallopian tube

ovum

Uterus

Vagina

Cervix

Ovaryovum

Fallopian tube

Cilia (hairs)Sperm cell

Fertilization

See TB 444 What occurs during this fertile time?

Ovulation and a possible pregnancy if sperm cells

are present.

Window of opportunity for pregnancy

Sperm cells can live for 3-7 days Ovum (egg cell) lives for 1 day

On your handout notes!

Hormones from the brain sent to control the menstrual cycle

Ovulation occurs during the middle of the cycle

Hormones from the ovaries change throughout the course of the cycle

Endometrial lining builds up after menstruation to prepare for pregnancy

Hormone levels

change throughout

the cycle

# 1

# 2

# 4

# 5

# 3

How Can You Get Pregnant?! PATH

1. Testes2. Epididymis3. Vas Deferens4. Seminal Vessicle5. Prostate Gland6. Ejaculatory Duct7. Cowper’s Gland8. Urethra/Penis9. Vagina10. Cervix11. Uterus12. Fallopian Tube

(hopefully the correct one!)

13. Ovum

• Sperm must reach ovum. But…– Ovum only viable (good) up to 48 hours after

ovulation1. Millions of sperm ejaculated 2. Many killed by acidity of vaginal fluids3. Survivors: exposed to contractions of uterus (like a

washing machine effect in the uterine cavity) 4. Survivors: thousands hunted and killed by

phagocytes that see them as non-self 5. Survivors: Only a few thousand reach ovum6. BUT- only ONE winner…

Cannot immediately fertilize ovum, usually about 6-8 hours for their membranes to become weakened

• So…sexual intercourse must occur: – no more than 72 hours before ovulation (3 days)

or – no later than 48 hours after ovulation (2 days)

Twins Fraternal– Ovaries release 2 mature

ova instead of 1

– Two embryos (cluster of cells) that implant into the uterus

– Same or different sex

– Different genetic makeup

Identical– 1 fertilized ovum divides

and 2 embryos develop

– Same sex, look almost exactly alike

– 1/3 of twins are identical

– Same genetic makeup

egg eggegg

embryoembryoembryoembryo