menara standard chartered report
TRANSCRIPT
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED CULTURE & HISTORY II [ ARC 60203 ] PROJECT 2 // REPORT TUTOR // KOH JING HAO
CO
NT
EN
TS
TABLE
OF
INTRODUCTION 01
FAST FACTS OF THE BUILDING 02
HISTORY OF THE BUILDING 02
THE ARCHITECT 03-04
SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS 05-10
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT OF BUILDING 11-16
ARCHITECTURE STYLE ANALYSIS 17-24
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, STRUCTURE & 25-36
MATERIALS ANALYSIS
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS / COMPONENTS 37-40
ANALYSIS
CONCLUSION 41-42
REFERENCES 43-44
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
INTRODUCTION OF MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
Menara Standard Chartered formerly known as Menara Shahzan Insas represent Malaysia ’s
Headquarters Standard Chartered Bank that is strategically located along the bustling Jalan Sultan
Ismail, which situated in the heart of the KL City Centre. Menara Standard Chartered is the 16th
tallest building and one of the landmarks in Kuala Lumpur. The shape is sculpted into five vertical
“fingers” whose staggered height is reflected in detailing at the ground level which reinforces the
theme at the human scale.Besides, Menara Standard Chartered is within close proximity to many
amenities. Pavilion Shopping Centre is only a stone 's throw away and tenants can easily be in touch
with the variety of amenities provided there. Menara Standard Chartered is located along one of the
busiest roads in the Kuala Lumpur city centre. Apart from that, with the development of Pavilion
Shopping Centre a few years back, the traffic congestion has gotten worse during the peaks hours
even during the weekends as many people would travel via Jalan Sultan Ismail to go to Pavilion. As
the busiest street, the exposure of building is extremely high for them to show the wealth of the Bank
that is the perfect location to set up as Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Headquarters. LA
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1.0
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THE HISTORY
Menara Standard chartered (Shahzan tower) is located in Jalan Sultan Ismail, No.30, level 16, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. It was built in 1990 by Hijjas Kasturi Associates and completed in 1990. The
building was initially called Shahzan Tower. The construction cost was 90 million Ringgit. It was
also called the Shahzan Insas tower as it was owned by Insas Berhad, which is a stockbroking firm.
11 years after its ’ completion, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation through its partner,
Reco City Sdn Berhad bought over the Shahzan Insas Tower in November 2001 for RM135 million.
Due to its strategic location, GIC foreseen that this building with considerable value-add potential
can be redeveloped into a gold class office building. They employed DP architects and renovated
this building in a large-scale. However, the renovation was not easy as they had to ensure during
the process, the massive structure would stay intact. They employed skilled resources and succeed
in transforming the property into one of Kuala Lumpur ’s iconic buildings in a relatively short period
of time. What ’s best, the renovation helped preserved this iconic landmark without demolishing it. In
2002, Shahzan tower changed their name into Menara Prime and have renovation for the interior
and exterior of the building. But, it became Menara Standard Chartered in 2003.
1990
2003
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1.1
1.2
FAST FACTS
BUILDING NAME: Menara Standard Chartered
LOCATION: Menara Standard Chartered, 30, Jalan
Sultan Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, 50250 Kuala Lumpur,
Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ARCHITECT: Hijjas Kasturi
COMPLETION DATE: 1990
FUNCTION OF THE BUILDING: Offices tower.
DESCRIPTION: 46 storey, a net area of almost
30,000 sm
HEIGHT: 196 meters
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1.3 THE ARCHITECT
HIJJAS KASTURI - Kuala Lumpur based Architect, Planner & Principal -
// Born on September 26, 1936 in Singapore
and arrived in Malaysia in 1966.
// The father of Malaysian architecture of the
second half of the twentieth century.
// Bachelor of Architecture (University of
Adelaide)
// Bachelor of Architecture (University of
Melbourne)
// Diploma in Town and Regional
Planning (University of Melbourne)
// Doctorate in Architecture Hon DArch
(Universiti of Malaya)
// Degree of Doctor in Humanities and
Social Sciences, Architecture (University
of Adelaide)
QUALIFICATION
"WHAT I like the most about the job is designing. It is
something you can dream about and you can put in your
talent, aspirations for the future and what you would like
to see in Malaysia. It allows you to create things that tell
stories and inspire." renowned architect Hijjas Kasturi
// Head design and architecture school Mara Institute of
Technology, Selangor, Malaysia,1966-1970
// Senior partner Akitek Bersekutu Malaysia, K.L,1970 -1977
// Chairman Hijjas Kasturi Associates SDN, since 1977 &
Komputa Bina Sendirian Berhad, K.L, since 1982
// External examiner Mara Institute of Technology,1984 -1985
// External examiner, faculty advisor University of Science
of Malaysia, Penang, since 1984
CAREER
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1956 - 1959
Draughtsman with Singapore Housing Trust preparing the
Master Plan for Queenstown, and low-cost flats for
Singapore.
1959-1961
Draughtsman with South Australian Housing Trust
preparing the Master Plan for Elizabeth Town, South
Australia, and various housing schemes.
1961 - 1963
Architectural Assistant with Brown & Davis, South
Australia, working on hospital planning, commercial and
religious buildings and housing.
1963 - 1965
Architect with Hume Proprietory Ltd., Melbourne,
Australia planning the construction of factories,
warehouses and district offices.
1966 - 1967
Architect/Planner with Urban Renewal Department of
the Singapore Housing and Development Board, in
charge of the central transportation terminus study,
planning for Ministry of Internal Defence Headquarters
and City Development.
1967 - 1969
Team Leader for feasibility study for the establishment of
Institut Teknoloji MARA.
Founding Head, School of Art and Architecture, Institut
Teknologi MARA.
Master Planner for ITM Complex at Shah Alam.
Architect for MARA Vocational Institute, Malacca.
1969 - 1977
Founding principal partner of Akitek Bersekutu,
subsequently Akitek Bersekutu Malaysia.
1977
Founding principal of Hijjas Kasturi Associates Sdn
(HKAS)
// Asean Energy Efficiency Award for Securities
Commission Headquarters, Bukit Kiara
// PAM 2000 Excellence Awards in Recognition of
Design Excellence in Commercial Building
// Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia’s Gold Medal Award,
Sept 2001 for outstanding works and invaluable
contribution in architecture.
// Award in Urban Redevelopment, Conservation and
Restoration for Kampung Glam, Singapore by
Pertubuhan Perancang Malaysia, Oct, 2001
// Vocational Excellence Award for the recognition of
outstanding achievements in the field of
Architecture by the Rotary Club of Metro Kuala
Lumpur, Oct 2002
AWARDS IN MALAYSIA
HISTORY
2 .2 RELAT IONSH IP OF
BU ILD ING TO SURROUND ING
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SITE CONTEXT ANALYSIS2.0
Menara Standard Charted are a private working place and due to
it’s the headquarter of Standard Charted Bank in Malaysia hence
the placed are allowed to be access to the building are only the
car park building, main lobby, and café inside the building. Public
were not allowed to entrance any of the working floor which is 1st
floor and above unless special occasion or requested visit only.
North side and South side are the entrance to the lobby of the
building. Cafeteria, lobby of the building and ATM area are the
only area that is accessible by the public.
2.1 BUILDING ACCESSIBILITY
2 .3 RESPONSE TO CL IMATE
2 .1 BU ILD ING ACCESS IB IL ITY
Accessible by the
Public GROUND FLOOR
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Menara Standard Chartered is a quite unique and
stand out among the surrounding building
because the implementation of concrete and glass.
The concrete faces create a simple smooth texture
symbolizing trusty and solid building as the images
of Standard Chartered Bank. The glass façade did
in a way collaborated with the concrete showing
the original inspiration of five fingers as the shape
of the building.
2.2 RELATIONSHIP OF
BUILDING TO SURROUNDINGS
Menara Standard Chartered implemented the use of
concrete as East and West façade which preventing
the over exposure of sun penetration into the building
creating uncomfortable working environment and
temperature control as another factor as well. As a
modern architecture style building glass façade are
widely use around the world included the surrounding
building of Menara Standard Chartered such as
Pavilion Tower
The comparison of Pavilion Tower are pretty simple as
in the façade is fully cladded with glasses due to the
privacy of an office building is not required as high as
Standard Chartered Bank Headquarter in Malaysia.
Pavilion tower used very least concrete on cladding
due to the company images needed to be glamour
hence all glasses panel and very few concrete seen at
the exterior of the building
2.2.1 COMPARISON
Menara Standard Chartered and Wisma Genting has a pretty similar characteristic which is the
implementation of the concrete and glass panels. Both building had strips of concrete in between the
cladding of glasses but Wisma Genting four faces is cladded as the same manners but Menara Standard
Chartered had 2 faces with majority of concrete and 2 faces majority of glasses creating the contrast of
materials. Building like Wisma Genting created a lot of glares it would be unpleasant if staying the area for a
long period of time and might causing eye diseases. Menara Standard Chartered chosen blue-ish tint and
creating a more pleasant shine and lesser reflection created by the building. In the other hand, Wisma
Genting chosen a greenish tint reflecting most of the light out and kept the building in a cooler condition
but creating a very unpleasant glare to the environment and that is the downside of using full glass
cladding.
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
WISMA GENTING
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Menara Standard Chartered and Central Plaza had a whole different concept of cladding, Central Plaza
had been cladded with aluminium panel and the colour of the panel is slightly pinkish- bronze then
internal layer of the cladding is with glasses panel. Besisdes that, the West side of Central Plaza is similar
to Menara Standard Chartered just that Menara Standard Chartered had a line of glasses panel instead of
fully covered up with concrete. Central Plaza is covered up with huge 3 faces of concrete with very little
opening. As in texture of the building Central Plaza is creating crossing and a little of complex texture; in
the other hand, Menara Standard Chartered had a smooth texture throughout the 4 faces even with the
different materials used. Clearly Menara Standard Chartered is a newer building just by judging the
patterns and designs apply to the building.
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
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CENTRAL PLAZA
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
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Image source:http://legacy.skyscrapercenter.com/
class-image.php/userpics/10005/ width=1000&height=800&image=/images/albums/
userpics/10005/MenaraStandardChartered_Ext-OverallAerial_%28c%29Tansri__Muliani.jpg
The climate response of this building is cleaver and simple. The
line of glass panel on the East Side and West side allowing minority
of light penetrate through the building and preventing direct
sunlight to shine into the building. Keeping the building cool and
also giving it an enough amount of sunlight is a very important
factor to a office building. Menara Standard Chartered intake the
soft sunlight rather than direct facing the sun.
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2.3 RESPONSE TO CLIMATE
WEST ELEVATION
By using glass panel for both North and South side can get a softer
lighting as Malaysia weather is summer-like at all time. Positioning of
the building are no less than perfect, a perfect balance between natural
sunlight and cooling environment. The used of material played a role
as well in terms of balancing thermal and lighting. Reflective tint glass
panels are deployed to reflect some amount of heat and strong
sunlight but also allow the correct amount of sunlight to shine in and
saving the uses of power of the building.
3 .2 C IRCULAT ION
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ARCHITECTURE LAYOUT OF BUILDING
3.0
Every building has its main lobby
to connect the entrance to other
spaces and units. In the Menara
standard charted is using the
same concept to able users enter
the building indirectly. The users
experience the journey before
reach their destiny.
The main lobby contain many
spaces and facilities which are
café , shops ,elevators to the
offices , elevator to the car park ,
main couther for security and
toilets.
3.1 PLAN TO SECTION
ANALYSIS
3 .3 ORGAN IZAT ION
ANALYS IS
3 .1 PLAN TO SECT ION ,
ELEVAT ION ANALYS IS
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The layout of the floor plan in the figure 1 show that the
arrangement of the space are balanced and well
arranged. The both entrances are located symmetrical
facing each other and the elevator places are same .
There are few shops and facility are designed for the
users, for example shop, café, and bank. Beside that,
the waiting area for the users are well located beside
the window to enjoy the natural light while waiting
clients or others users.
THE GROUND FLOOR PLAN OF MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
FIGURE 1
THE LOBBY OF MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
MENARA BANK BANKING OFFICE
MAIN ENTRANCE FOR THE BUILDING
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CAFE
SHOPSBANK
ELEVATOR
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THE SIDE ELEVATION
PUBLIC SPACE
PRIVATE SPACE
COMMERCIAL AREA
3.1.1 ELEVATION ANALYSIS
THE FRONT ELEVATION
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The blue box is shown the public space. The public space is
connected by the entrance and the private space. Users
have to pass though the public space only can reach to the
private space. Beside that the public space is also a space
for user to rest or waiting.
For the red boxes are represent the private space which only
allow the employees or employer to enter. The private
spaces are hide in the space with the concept of space
within the space. It also improve the security system and
strictly not allow visitors to enter.
The yellow boxes is the commercial space which are for the
visitors or employees to have other service such as food or
drinks.
3.2 SPACE ORGANISATION
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3.2.1 CIRCULATION
PUBLIC CIRCULATION
PRIVATE CIRCULATION
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The circulation in the building is to provide
multiple ways to reach different area .The two
different entrance into the building show that
there different directions into the building.
There are two type of circulation shown in the
plan which are public circulation and private
circulation.
There public circulation is able for users to use
for any activities and is open for users who are
not workers in the building , however the private
circulation is used for workers or officers in the
building and not easily to excess .
3.2.2 ENTRANCE INTO THE LOBBY
There are two different entrances into the main
lobby , which are the main entrance facing the
main road and another entrance which is able to
reach car park . Users of the usually using the
second entrance during lunch time or after work.
The second entrance is able to walk to nearby
mall or restaurant ,hence , users are using it
during lunch time mostly. However for the main
entrance become decorative and used by
visitors .
THE MAIN ENTRANCE INTO THE BUILDING
THE SECOND ENTRANCE INTO THE BUILDING
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3.2.3 THE CIRCULATION FOR USERS
TO THE ELEVATOR
For the officers or users , working in the building they have to
passed though the main lobby only able to reach the
destination.
There are two chapels for the elevators , the L-18 penthouse
elevators which is located beside the café and toilets , and the
level 1-15 which is located beside the bank and shop . Both
different chapels are able to reach different levels in the
buildings .
3.3 ORGANIZATION ANALYSIS
THE CIRCULATION OF THE ENTRANCES AND
THE L-15 PANTHOUSE ELEVATOR
THE CIRCULATION OF THE ENTRANCES AND
THE L-18 PANTHOUSE ELEVATOR
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The red boxes space(private elevator
for employees ) is located within the
Blue space which is the public space.
3.3.1
SPACE WITHIN A SPACE
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An interlocking is occurred from
overlapping two spatial field and
emerged of a zone. The space for
lobby is created and formed.
The relationship of the
building are five different high
form have corresponding
planer surface stick to each
other
3.3.5
INTERLOCKING SPACE
3.3.4
ADDITION
3.3.3
GEOMETRIC
The rectangular shape is
state one by one and
higher and higher to form
the outline of the building
form.
3.3.2
SYMMETRICAL
The section of the building
from the direction show that
the whole façade is balanced
symmetrical, as its
symmetrical line in the
middle
4 .1 BU ILD ING GENERAL
STYLE
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ARCHITECTURE STYLE ANALYSIS4.0
Menara Standard Chartered is characterised the late modernist style architecture that
began to appear in the late 1990s and early 2000s. High Tech Architecture also known
as structural expressionism is a type of late modernism that combining elements of
high-tech industry and technology into building design. The style has become a bridge
between modernisms and post-modernisms. Kuala Lumpur’s central business district
today has many new and tall buildings with late Modernism and post-modernism
architecture fill the skyline of the city.
4.1 BUILDING GENERAL STYLE
" Influence of Late Modernism "
4 .1 . 1 BU ILD ING FORM
DES IGN CONCEPT
4 .1 . 2 CHARACTER IST IC OF
STYLE
4 .1 . 3 CHARACTER IST IC
ARCH ITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
4 .2 I NFLUENCES OF THE
WEST
The 196 meter Menara Standard Chartered was one of the city’s most prominent
buildings when it was completed. The number five was significant to the client’s family,
as the patriarch was Malaysia’s fifth Yand di-Pertuan Agong, or king so to distinguish it
visually, the form was sculpted into five vertical ‘fingers’ of stepped height. The
arrangement is reiterated at a more human scale in the five staggered bays of the
building’s base. The firm’s repeated use of vertical detailing on high-rise buildings
makes a structure look slimmer and smaller than it really is.There is no visual means of
counting or measuring the number of floors, whereas a definition of each floor gives the
human eye a scale for assessing mass, increase its imposition on human perception.
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4.1.1 BUILDING FORM DESIGN CONCEPT
One of the main characteristics found in a late modernism building is
how its adornments are very limited. With the restricted adornments,
it emits a sense of minimalism and simplicity which giving a clean
aesthetic in which the materials are matched in simple well
accomplished joints and simple rectangular forms. The organization
of form which resulted from five vertical linked boxes which
distinguish visually for the significant number 5 for the clients family
that became the emphasis of the building. The whole form of the
tower is an addition of 5 rectangles together in parallel.
" Inspiration from human fingers "
ADDITION LINKED BOXESVERTICALLY
4.1.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STYLE
The typical characteristics of Late Modernist
architectural elements is easily seen from Menara
Standard Chartered such as the flat roof.
Besides,.it can also be seen from the use of
modern materials and system in this building.
Architect Hijjas Kasturi perfectly played with the
materials that pose an emphasis towards the
alternative usage of concrete and glass curtain
wall; windows that create an ornamental view at
different angles to adapted the late modernist
style. He also took into consideration and
thought deeply on the connection between
interior spaces and the site surrounding. So, he
used large expanses of glass in the curtain wall
system to bring the building’s site into the
building. An interconnected relation in between
the exterior and interior,also fully utilized the
dramatic views and natural landscaping.
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4126 Its orientation on the site along an east-west axis, exposing
only the slimmer elevation of solid concrete walls to the
sun, protecting the building from unnecessary heat gain.
4.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
FLAT ROOF
Un-ornamented
planes for roofs gives
a more simplicity look
One of the features of late modernism is open floor
plans with minimum of partitions and decorative by
creating a space in which functionality areas are all
combined to form a whole structure. This also
enhance user circulation by fully maximize the floor
areas for freely movement. From the right diagram we
can clearly see that Menara Standard Chartered has a
very wide floor plan with only 4 internal columns at the
lobby.
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Its orientation on the site along an east-west axis, exposing
only the slimmer elevation of solid concrete walls to the
sun, protecting the building from unnecessary heat gain.
OPEN FLOOR PLANS
Used of modern material such as the
steel reinforced concrete, are widely
used in the building as a finished
material for the exterior solid wall and
also as the structural support for the
building.
Steel Reinforced Precast Concrete
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Curtain wall system are the focus characteristic that widely
used in this tower, as an outer covering of Menara Standard
Chartered in which the outer walls are non-structural, but
merely keep the weather out and the occupants in. As the
curtain wall is non-structural it can be made of a lightweight
material such as steel, aluminium and glass. Curtain-wall
systems are typically designed with extruded aluminum
members. The aluminium frame is typically infilled with
glass, which provides an architecturally pleasing building,
as well as benefits such as natural light can penetrate
deeper within the building during daytime that gives a
completely different feel and atmosphere to the user within
the building.
DESIGN OF THE FACADE //
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The design of Menara Standard Chartered windows
were glazed into the curtain wall system to provide
required ventilation and also as operable windows.
The implementation of this modern technology
reduces the extreme heat of Malaysia climate
preventing UV rays and heat from entering the
building that retaining the cool atmosphere within
the interior.
WINDOWS
INFILLED WITH GLASS
GLASS
The large usage of glass giving the
building design a sleek and modernistic
look while allowing natural light to
penetrate into the building. Besides,
that 's also create more interaction to the
site surrounding.
SIDE ELEVATIONFRONT ELEVATION
VERTICAL LINE EFFECT OF THE
GLASS CURTAIN WALLVIEW OF CURTAIN WALL
FROM EXTERIOR
VIEW OF CURTAIN WALL
FROM INTERIOR
CURTAIN WALL DETAILS
Aluminium Extrusion
Heat-SoakedTempered Glass
Menara Standard Chartered is reflected a pure modern
building as demonstrated in the west such as Seagram
Building in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. This
main influence can be clearly seen from the use of
curtain wall, flat roof and large usage of glass. Mies van
der Rohe, famous for his saying “less is more,” was one
of the prominent modernist architects, well known for
pioneering the extensive use of glass in buildings. His
works introduced a new level of simplicity, minimalism
and transparency, and his buildings were often referred
to as "skin-and-bones" architecture for their emphasis
on steel structure and glass enclosure.
SEAGRAM BUILDING
1958 by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
4.2 INFLUENCES OF THE WEST
1990 by Hijjas Kasturi
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED
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The identifiable features of Seagram building
includes:
// Rectangular forms
// Flat roof.
// Lack of ornamentation or decorative details.
// Curtain wall system
// Extensive use of glass
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SIDE ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION
From the diagrams above, we can clearly see that the similarity features between Menara Standard
Chartered and Seagram Building. The vertical details on both high-rise buildings make it look slimmer
and smaller.Besides, the extensive use of modern materials such as glass that infilled in curtain wall
system to enhance the connection between the interior and site surrounding, at the same time it give a
modern and minimalism look.
The form of standard
chartered is influences from
the Seagram building which
it embraced the structures
with minimalist geometries,
rather than camouflaging
them with superfluous
ornament and decorative
details.
RECTANGULAR FORMS
FRONT ELEVATION
MENARA STANDARD
CHARTERED
DIAGRA,M 1-2
SEAGRAM BUILDING
DIAGRA,M 3-4
4.3 LOCAL CLIMATE
The only local influence that Hijjas Kasturi considered is about the
climate, as we can know that the weather in Malaysia is hot and
humid all around the year, So he adapted this issue by adding
solid concrete wall instead of glass for the front of the building
that exposed to the sun. So that it 'll protecting the building from
unnecessary heat gain.
5 .1 BU ILD ING MATER IALS
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & STRUCTURE
5.0
Menara Standard Chartered has implied the Fazlur Rahman Khan’s bundled tube structure. Instead of
one tube, bundled tube system has several individual tubes interconnected to form a multi-cell tube.
In which the frames in the lateral load direction resist the shears, while the flange frames carry most of
the overturning moments.
The Menara Standard Chartered has used this design, employing five tubes of varying height to
achieve its distinct appearance. The assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame to support
the dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building. By implying bundled tube
structure, the interaction between the individual tubes and the belt trusses at mechanical levels
allows the building to attain its extreme height.
5.0.1 BUNDLED TUBE STRUCTURE
5 .2 COMPAR ISON
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5.0.2 INTERNAL COLUMNS
Figure shows how bundled tube
structure allows building to
achieve extreme height.
Menara Standard Chartered
implying bundled tube
structure
The bundled tube design was
the “innovative in its potential for
versatile formulation of
architecture space”. High rise
buildings no longer had to be
box like but aesthetically
appealing. This is when the tube
units could take on various
shape and could be bundled
together in different sorts of
groupings. It also meant that
"buildings no longer need be
boxlike in appearance: they
could become sculpture."
4 Internal columns are built to support the building. It starts up from the
foundation, goes through the ground, mezzanine and the other floors.
These columns can be found in the interior of the building, and allow a very
wide open plan for easy circulation. They are strategically positioned and performed
a grid. According to the floor plan, the building is separated into 5 sections. Each of
them are not aligned horizontally and show decrease in rhythm. Hence, the 4 columns
are positioned in such way to provide support to the 5 sections evenly.
The columns are the major element of the building’s structure. Once the structure is set,
the curtain wall will be attached to them, as well as the other components of the
building. On the north and south facades of the building, there are 12 columns, 6 on
each façade which create the illusion that the building is being separated in 5 sections.
3D VIEW OF COLUMNS FLOOR PLAN
internal Columns
Columns
5.0.3 CURTAIN WALLING
Curtain walling can be found on the north and south elevations of the building. A curtain wall is the façade
component that structures the climate boundary for a building without supporting the building structure. In
addition, curtain wall can have a wide range or aesthetic appearances.
Menara Standard Chartered applied dark heat-soaked tempered glass as the infill of the curtain wall. It is
wholly supported by aluminum solid panelas its framing. The steel reinforced precast concrete worked as
the panel systems. Menara Standard Chartered used the stick system for the curtain walls framework. Stick
system is one of the curtain wall system that are put in piece by piece on site, with the coating embedded
into the frame from the inside either outside relying upon the conditions.
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Anchors
Heat Soaked Tempered Glass
Aluminium Frame
Building Structure (floor)
Wall panels of precast concrete
Structural steel or reinforced
concrete frame
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Menara Standard Chartered has used Heat
Soaked Tempered Glass (ASAHI SUNLUX-G
DARK BLUE – TS5A40) for the curtain walling,
where there is a risk of human impact. If
breakage does occur, the breakage pattern is
such that the resultant pieces of glass are
relatively harmless and are unlikely to cause
severe injury. The use of heat-soaked
tempered glass is recommended where the
risk of spontaneous breakage would cause
difficulty, either from a replacement point of
view, or where falling glass fragments may be
unsuitable, such as roof or high level glazing,
balustrades, screens and high level curtain
walling
1. LOADS
2. WINDS
BUILDING MATERIALS 5.1P
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MATERIAL ANALYSIS (EXTERIOR)
Menara Standard Chartered as one of the
significant modern buildings in Kuala Lumpur
that is mainly built up of reinforcement concrete.
The façade of the building is a curtain walling
which made up of glasses and aluminum frames.
5.1.1 DARK HEAT-SOAKED
TEMPERED GLASS
Heat Soaked Tempered
Glass
Steel-reinforced precast
concrete
Aluminum Solid Panel
Image source: https://www.constructionspecifier.com/spontaneous-glass-breakage-why-it-happens-and-what-to-do-about-it/
TEMPERED GLASS BREAKHEAT STRENGTHEN GLASS
BREAK
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5.1.2 LAMINATED GLASS
Laminated Glass
MENARA STANDARD CHARTERED MAIN ENTRANCE
In this building, laminated glass is used as
material for office doors and windows.
Laminated glass is a type of safety glass
that holds together when shattered. It is
made by fusing two or more layers of
glass with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyric
(PVB) through the use of heat and
pressure. In the event of breaking, the
breakage will be held in place by an
interlayer, which between its two or more
layers of glass. The interlayer serves to
retain the glass fragments, limits the size
of opening, offers residual resistance and
reduces the risk of cutting or piercing
injuries. .
The photo below has shown how laminated glass
breakage held in place by an interlayer and how it
serves security purpose. The interlayer keeps the
layers of glass bonded even when broken, and its
high strength prevents the glass from breaking up
into large sharp pieces.
Laminated GlassAnnealed Glass
& http://chicagowindowexpert.com/windowtags/glass-impact-breakage/
5.1.3 ALUMINUM SOLID PANEL
The frame of the curtain wall is made up of
aluminum solid panel which is extremely
effective shading to prevent heat gain within
the building whilst enhancing its architectural
appearance as one of the prominent modern
building.
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Aluminum Extrusion
6mm thick heat-soaked
tempered glass
5.1.4 STEEL-REINFORCED
PRECAST CONCRETE
Plain concrete does not easily withstand tensile
and shear stresses caused by wind, vibrations and
other force. Steel-reinforced precast concrete is
mainly used to support curtain wall and building
itself.
The benefits of our pre-cast concrete parts include
high quality control at the place of production, the
great variety of highest-quality facing designs, and
the reduction of weather-reliant construction time
at the building site.
5.1.5 CONCRETE FLOOR TILES
Menara Standard Chartered has also used
concrete floor tiles to build their outdoor
walkway. Concrete is one of the most
durable and long-lasting surfaces around. It
is an optimal flooring surface for homes,
offices, and retail environments because it
can resist wear and tear, heavy foot traffic,
stains, and moisture exposure.
Concrete tiles are often produced by local
manufacturers and use recycled materials,
such as crushed glass, recycled aggregates,
and silica fume (a byproduct from other
industrial processes). In addition, concrete
tiles are so durable, they rarely require
replacement.
5.1.6 ROOF
The roof of this building is a flat roof made up of reinforced concrete and
framed with structural steel. The tensile strength of steel and the compressive
strength of the reinforced concrete work together to allow the member to
sustain these stresses over considerable spans, especially for high rise building
like Menara Standard Chartered. Reinforced concrete so considered
environmental friendly as the steel is made from 100% recycle scrap.
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The selection of material has considered about the outdoor elements (water features).
Concrete floor tiles are water resistance so it can be installed at the outdoor.
The primary and secondary roof beams may
support a site cast concrete slab, or precast
concrete units.
Menara Standard Chartered has used ceramic
floor tiles for the interior. It is extremely tough
and it 's difficult to crack. A quality installation
can last for 10-20 years and longer if well.
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MATERIAL ANALYSIS (INTERIOR)
Timber Veneer panels are the stylish
alternative to solid wood. Brimming with
unique and exciting design possibilities
this stunning collection offers as extensive
range of colors, textures, grains and ranges
to help create a truly inspiring space..
5.1.7 TIMBER VENEER WALL
5.1.8 LAMINATED GLASS DOOR
The usage of laminated glass door for the
interior is to protect user from getting cut or
any piercing injuries. One of the biggest
benefits of laminated glass is that if it break,
the broken glass sticks to the plastic rather
than falling to the floor and creating a
potentially dangerous mess.
5.1.9 CERAMIC FLOOR TILES
5.1.10 FAUX STONE SIDING
Faux stone siding products are lightweight and
durable panels which have a remarkably
realistic rock look and good in aesthetic
appeal, especially for interior use. Installation
and cleaning of faux stone siding is very easy
and fast.
5.1.11 FINE FISSURED CEILING
Fine Fissured Ceiling has been implied in the
building with high -humidity and sag resistant. It
is a fire resistance material and can be recycled
at the end of their usable life.
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COMPARED TO WILLIS TOWER, CHICAGO
Willis Tower, also known as Sears Tower, is a 108-story
skyscraper in Chicago, United State. It had surpassed the
World Trade Center towers in New York to become the
tallest building in the world at 1973 after its completion. The
title had been held for 25 years and remained the tallest
building in the Western Hemisphere until 2014. The building
is considered a seminal achievement for its architect Fazlur
Kahn. Nowadays, it is still the second tallest building in the
United States.
Menara Standard Chartered and The Willis Tower has
similarities in construction and structure. This two buildings
are using the same structure system, which is bundle tube
structure, to achieve extreme height and aesthetically
appealing. The Willis Tower has comprised of a cluster of
nine tubes connected to act as a single unit while Menara
Standard Chartered has employed the varying height of five
tubes that connected to each other.
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COMPARISON 5.2
The exterior of the Willis Tower is
sheathed in black aluminum and
bronze-tinted glass, similar as
Menara Standard Chartered glass
curtain wall and aluminum frame.
However, the Willis Tower building’s
structure consists of more columns
than the Menara Standard Chartered
because of the difference of its
height and material used.
Image source: https://skyscrapercenter.com/building/willis-tower/169
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Menara Standard Chartered The Willis Tower
Office Building
Steel-reinforced precast concrete
Heat Soaked Tempered Glass
Laminated Glass
Aluminum Solid Panel
Flat Concrete Roof
// Wide circulation
// Modern Interior
// Material used has emphasized
its modernism design (timber
veneer wall, plastered ceiling)
5 tubes with varying height
connected horizontally
Commercial Building
Structural steel
Black anodized aluminum
Bronze-tinted glass
Flat Steel Roof
// Luxury Interior
// Wide circulation
// More openings for natural light
// Provide more spaces and
activities for tourist
A series of nine tubes, bound
together
FUNCTION
MATERIALS
USED
ROOF
INTERIOR
BUILDING
LAYOUT
Aluminum roof panel is used as
a canopy in Menara Standard
Chartered, and it is placed
above the open area between
two different building blocks at
the west. The roof used is
categorized as metal roofing. A
metal roof is a roofing system
made from metal piece, or tiles.
It is a component of the building
envelope and they protect
buildings.
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ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS6.0
6.1 ALUMINUM ROOF PANEL
Glass doors in Menara Standard
Chartered are made of Laminated
Glass for safety purposes. The
orientation of most entrances is facing
North and South to avoid direct heat
radiation into the building. Multiple
shading devices are implemented at
the entrance to intercept direct solar
radiation.
6.2 DOORS
BACK ENTRANCE
MAIN ENTRANCE
Curtain walls are used instead of generic
windows. The curtain walls have the
same orientation as the doors, facing
North and South direction. To avoid
direct heat penetration that results in
affecting indoor thermal comfort.
The curtain walls are designed with
several openings which act as operable
windows.This is to allow natural
ventilation into the building to maintain
thermal comfort.
6.3 WINDOWS
6.4 WATER FEATURES P
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Glass Curtain Wall
Steel reinforced precast
concrete (Flat roof)
Heat & Sunlight
A water features is built at the entrance of
Menara Standard Chartered. Water features
often offer additional benefits to the building,
such as increased curb appeal, home value,
reduced noise pollution (due to the sound of
water overpowering outside noise),
increased humidity in dry regions and
improved air quality.
Elevators can be easily found in high rise building such as
Menara Standard Chartered. It is a type of vertical transportation
that moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a
building, vessel, or other structure.
In Menara Standard Chartered, the carpark elevators and office
elevators are located at east and west side of the building away
from each other. This is to separate zoning and to enhance
circulation.
6.5 ELEVATOR
6.6 STAIRCASE
Outdoor steps can be found at the entrance
of Menara Standard Chartered. It indicates
an ascending order of direction that leads
into the building. Besides, It is also designed
for aesthetic purposes and segregate the
building and street.
There are also three staircases which located near the
elevators (west and east) that leads to the emergency exit.
Whenever an emergency appears, the emergency staircase is
an important element to relief the emergency state (fire,
power shortage, elevator shut down), especially for high rise
building.
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Elevators that connected to the carpark
Office elevators which located at the lobby
THE END OFMENARA STANDARD
CHARTEREDANALYSIS
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The architecture of Kuala Lumpur is a blend of old colonial influences,
Asian traditions, Malay Islamic inspirations, modern and post-modern
mix. Being a relatively young city, most of Kuala Lumpur 's colonial
buildings were built toward the end of 19th and early 20th century.
Most of the styling have been modified to cater to use local resources
and the acclimatized to the local climate, which is hot and humid all
year around.
Late Modernist and Post-Modernist style architecture began to appear
in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Buildings with all-glass exteriors
sprang up around the city, with the one of prominent example being
Menara Standard Chartered designed by Hijjas Kasturi. Menara
Standard Chartered is one of Malaysia’s eye-candy when it comes to its
architecture. Having such a modern structure in the heart of Kuala
Lumpur’s golden triangle, commands a significant presence as a
landmark building. It has received many compliments and reviews from
well-known architects whether locally or globally. All it’s specifically
thought of design not only adds to its modern aesthetic quality, but also
its functionality.
Menara Standard Chartered (1990) is significant of its form that
sculpted into five vertical ‘fingers’ of staggered height is reflected in
detailing at the ground level which reinforces the theme at the human
scale. By repeating use of vertical detailing, the structure actually look
slimmer and smaller than it really is. Besides, it also fully utilized natural
landscaping at the open forecourt to incorporate nature into works life,
to stay connected with nature. The whole curtain wall façade is infilled
with glass that give the building design a sleek and modernistic look
while allowing natural light to penetrate into the building, at the same
time also enhance the connection between interior spaces and the site
surrounding that can provide dramatic views. Menara Standard
Charted has portrayed a sense of minimalism and simplicity which its
adornments are very limited. CO
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Through this project, we had
improved our analysis ability by
site visit and researches, allow
us to interpret architecture
knowledge based on translating
the information & analysis into a
more understandable analytical
diagrams. Besides, we can also
understood the prominence and
relation between the influences
and aspects of the local site in
relation to architecture outcome.
Start from the left:
// Lee Jun Yen 0324552
// Lee Jia Min 0324126
// Lee Fei Syen 0323008
// Law Zhi Chang 0323813
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-tech_architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Kuala_Lumpur
3. Product Catalog: 4 Sided Toggle Glazed Exterior Thermal Glass Curtain Wall System & Design | Arconic.
(2017). Arconic.com. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from https://www.arconic.com/global/en/products/product.asp?
prod_id=4156
4. Curtain Wall. (2017). Retrieved 21 May 2017, from http://www.prodifact.com/curtainwall.htm
5. Hijjas Kasturi Associates Sdn.. (2017). Hijjaskasturi.com. Retrieved 8 June 2017, from
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6. Curtain wall (architecture). (2017). En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 8 June 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)#Glass
7. Tempered Heat-Soaked Safety Glass :: Singapore Safety Glass Your Customised Glass Solutions Provider.
(2017). Ssg.com.sg. Retrieved 9 June 2017, from http://www.ssg.com.sg/product-catalogue/core-
products/product/2-tempered-heat-soaked-glass/1-core-products
8. Hijjas Kasturi Associates SDN. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.hijjaskasturi.com/hkas2006/
9. Chicago Architecture Info. (n.d.). The Willis Tower. Retrieved May 21, 2017, from
http://www.chicagoarchitecture.info/Building/375/The-Willis-Tower.php
10. A view on cities. (n.d.). Sears Tower. Retrieved May 22, 2017, from
http://www.aviewoncities.com/buildings/chicago/searstower.htm
11. Glass Doctor. (n.d.). Pros and Cons of Laminated vs. Tempered Glass. Retrieved June 11, 2017, from
https://glassdoctor.com/content/laminated-vs-tempered-glass
12. Build Direct. (n.d.). Stone, Manufactured Stone, & Faux Stone Siding FAQ. Retrieved from June 21, 2017,
from https://www.builddirect.com/learning-center/faq/stone-siding/
13. Michael L. Rupert. (December 17, 2013). Spontaneous Glass Breakage: Why it happens and what to do
about it. Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.constructionspecifier.com/spontaneous-glass-breakage-
why-it-happens-and-what-to-do-about-it/
14. Glazette India’s leading glass portal. (n.d.). Heat Soaked Glass. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from
http://www.glazette.com/Glass-Knowledge-Bank-32/heat-soaked-glass.html
15. Designing Building Wiki. (May 08, 2017). Curtain wall systems. Retrieved May 19. 2017, from
https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Curtain_wall_systems
16. ConcreteNetwork.com. (n.d.) Concrete Tile. Retrieved June 11, 2017, from
https://www.concretenetwork.com/concrete-tile.html
17. Curtain wall systems - Designing Buildings Wiki. (2017). Designingbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2017,
from https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Curtain_wall_systems
18. Seagram Building. (2017). WTTW Chicago Public Media - Television and Interactive. Retrieved 10 June
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21. McGillick,P.(2006). Concrete metal glass: Hijjas Kasturi Associates:Selected works, 1977-2007,Kuala
Lumpur :Editions Didier Millet
PREPARED BY // LEE JUN YEN 0324552 LEE JIA MIN 0324126 LEE FEI SYEN 0323008
LAW ZHI CHANG 0323813