meljun cortes ipo context diagram (input process output)

7/27/2019 MELJUN CORTES IPO Context Diagram (INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT)

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MELJUN CORTES



INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT

(IPO CHART)

MELJUN P. CORTES



What is it?

The IPO diagram is a visual representation of aprocess or activity.

It lists input variables and output characteristics.



Why use it?

IPO diagram is useful in defining a process and

recognizing the input variables and responses/

outputs.



When to use it?

Understand what inputs are needed to achieve

each specific output.



Definition of terms

INPUT is the data flowing into thesystem from outside.

PROCESSING is the action of

manipulating the input into a

more useful form.

OUTPUT is the informationflowing out of the system.

FEEDBACK occurs when the outcome

has an influence on the input.



INPUT: The teacher takes registerto see who is not in today.

PROCESSING: The data is loaded into

the school database and processed to

create attendance record of each pupil.

OUTPUT: Print out of a student who has been absent.

FEEDBACK: The teachers needs to find out why

the student has been absent and the reason recorded

in the input once more.

It will also hopefully cause the pupil to have better

attendance record.

Some Examples (Attendance system in school)



Some Examples [cont.]

Album title

Artist name Artist ID

Query

report

Display or

print lists of

albums

produced byparticular

artists

A person

types data

into a

database system

by means of a

keyboard

The keystrokesbeing entered by

the typist is

converted into

ASCII format that

the computer can

understand.

The keystrokesbeing entered are

immediately shown

on the typist’s

monitor so she can

see what is being

entered.



Some Examples [cont.]

Client

Design

Material

Adhesives

Tools

Workers

Finished product

Pay Workers

Happy customer

Making

Check quality Set tools



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Context Diagram & IPO Diagram

Context Diagram

Is the highest level view of a system, similar to Block Diagram,showing a, possibly software-based, system as a whole and its

inputs and outputs from/to external factors.

Shows the entire system as a single process. Interactions with

users and other external entities are shown as dataflow.

They do not show the major functional processes but are

particularly useful for agreeing the system boundary.

Documents the system’s boundaries by highlighting its sources

and destinations. Documenting the system’s boundaries by

drawing a context diagram helps the analyst, the user, and the

responsible managers visualize alternative high-level logical

system designs.



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Purpose of Context Diagram

1. It clarifies to the user audience the analyst's understanding of

the scope of the proposed system, the kinds of users the

system will have, and the data coming out from and going into

the system. A surprising number of misunderstandings are

exposed at this early stage.

2. It motivates and establishes a framework for the more

complicated next level (below).



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How are Context Diagram Drawn

Context diagrams are typically drawn using labeled boxes to

represent each of the external entities and another labeled box

to represent the system being developed. The relationship is

drawn as a line between the entities and the system being

developed. The relationships are labeled with a subject-verb-

object format.

Context diagrams can also use many different drawing types to

represent external entities. They can use oval, stick figures,

pictures, clip art or any other representation to convey

meaning. Decision trees and data storage are represented in

system flow diagrams.



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Symbols Used on Diagrams

•processes are shown as squares with

rounded corners

Process

Inquiries

•external entities (the people with whom the

process interacts)

External

Entities

•Relationship or what we call data flows- it

shows the relationship between external

entities and the process.



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How are Context Diagram Drawn

When drawing a context diagram, you:

Firstly, draw and name a single process box that represents the entire

system.

Next, identify and add the external entities that communicate directly

with the process box. Do this by considering origin and destination of

the resource flows and data flows.

Finally, add the resource flows and data flows to the diagram.

Note: In drawing the context diagram yo u should only be concerned with the most imp ortant

informat ion f lows. These wi l l be concerned with issues such as: how orders are received and

checked, with prov id ing go od cu stomer service and w ith the paying of invo ices. Remember that no

business process diagram is the def in i t ive solut ion - there is no absolute r ight or wron g.



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SUPPLIER CUSTOMER

0

----------------------

-------

SALES

PROCESS

‘terminator’ for

input/output flows

Process

flow of inputs and

outputs to and from

processes



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ACCOUNTING

WAREHOUSE CUSTOMER

0

Order

System

Order

Payment

In - Stock

Request

Status

Message

Invoice Shipping Confirmation

Shipping

Order

Inventory

Reports



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Employee Accounting

Department

0

Payroll

System

Payroll Check

Time Sheet

Tax FormPayroll Report



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Book

Supplier

Library

System

0

Borrowe

r Book

Book Details

Order

Book

Book Request

Availability &

Advice

Reservation

Inquiry

Borrower

Number



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