medieval cities
TRANSCRIPT
MEDIEVAL CITIES TOWN PLANNING
FRANCE
ITALY
SPAIN
GREECE
ATHENS
ACROPOLIS
FLORENCEBRITAIN
VIBHUTI PATHARESUKANYA NARVARSHA SHET SRUSHTI PUNYARTHIASHWINI DUESKARRUPALI THAKURPRIYANKA JADHAV
MEDIEVAL CITIES
DARK AGES
FEUDALISM
CRUSADES
400
500
600
800
900
1000 1100
1200 1300
1400
700
CLASSICALGREECE &ATHENS
DECLINE OF ROMAN EMPIRE
RENAISSANCECONSTANTINE TO BYZANTINE
FRANCE
FLORENCE ITALY
HIPPODAMUS
ARISTOTLECONSTANTINEEMPIRE
TOWN
PLANNERS
HELLENTHIS
PARIS
TIMELINE
INDIA
ITALY
SPAIN
FRANCE GREECE
Medieval cities in the European Middle Ages. took many forms, Greatly in central-northern Italy based on partial democracy, while in Germany they became free cities, independent from local nobility.
TYPES OF LOCATIONSe.g. the hill towns of southern France, southern Germany, and of central Italy.
ORIENTATIONtopography.
SHAPEgeometric shapes; yet simple, geometric plans were adopted
CLASSIFICATIONMedieval towns can be classified according to function e.g.:Farm Towns - especially in Scandinavia and BritainFortress Towns - Toledo, Edinburgh, Tours, WarwickChurch Towns - York, ChartresMerchant Prince Towns - Florence, SienaMerchant Guild Towns - Hanseatic League towns
THE WALLED TOWNSECURITY WAS A MAJOR FACTOR.
CLASSICAL ATHENS HAD PROTECTED ITSELFAGAINST ITS ENEMIES AND HAD BUILT THE “LONG WALLS,”
HELLENISTIC WORLD,TOWNS WERE WALLED, TOWERS WERE BUILT, AND
THE MULTI-FOCAL TOWN
A SMALL NUMBER OF VILLAGESTHAT HAD PREVIOUSLY CROWNED ITS HILLS.
THIS PATTERN WAS TO BE REPLICATED
DIFFERING INSTITUTIONALNUCLEI—A CASTLE, CATHEDRAL, MONASTERY, OR MARKET—WHICH INTIME CAME TO COMPLEMENT ONE ANOTHER.
CARCASSONNE
IT CONTAINS MARKET SQUARE, CASTLE & CHURCH OF ST.NAZZAIR.IRREGULAR PATTERN FOR STREETS IS SEEN.
PLANNED TOWN IT HAD LAID OUT STRAIGHT STREETS, INTERSECTING AT RIGHT ANGLES, AND THUS ENCLOSING RECTANGULAR BLOCKS.
PIRAEUS
•THE PLANNED EUROPEAN CITY WAS NOT RESTRICTED TO THOSE THAT DERIVED FROM THE GREEKS OR THE ROMANS.
ORIGINS of MEDIEVAL ClTIES
1. CATHEDRAL, CHURCH, CLOISTER, 2. MONASTERY I.E. THE BISHOP’S SEAT
3. FORTRESSES (ROYAL CASTLES, PALACES; 4. PRINCELY COURTS)
5. THE MARKET PLACE/STAGING POINTS
6. THE FREE SETTLEMENTS (I.E. INDEPENDENT)
7. THE HISTORIC TOWNS (USUALLY OLD ROMAN ONES)
MEDIEVAL CITIESLOCATION OF MEDIEVAL CITIES
EUROPE
Piraeus
Olynthus
Rhodes
• The entire development of Athens has originated from the acropolis. It is the focal point of Athens.
• The Acropolis hill, so called the "Sacred Rock" of Athens, is the most important site of the city.
ACROPOLIS
TIMELINE
460 BC
432 BC 408 BC
PIRAEUS
OLYNTHUS RHODES
INTRODUCTIONMEDIEVAL MORPHOLOGY OF TOWNS – BASTIDES AND MEDIEVAL TOWN PLANS
BASTIDES IN MEDIEVAL TIMES
GRID MORPHOLOGY IN MEDIEVAL ROMAN TIMES
ARCHAIC ATHENS (800 BC/750 BC -494 BC)
Peisistratos built the first wall around the city. This wall was almost circular and had eight gates. Many monuments were built on the Acropolis
No concrete town planning appears to have existed; the streets of the city were in their majority narrow and irregular in shape, while the inhabitants built their houses arbitrarily
Hippodamos devised an ideal city to be inhabited by 50,000 people
He studied the functional problems of cities and linked them to the state administration system.
As a result he divided the citizens into three classes (soldiers, artisans and 'husbandmen'), with the land also divided into three (sacred, public and private).
Broad, straight streets
Right angles
Open space for development of agora
Classical Athens(494 BC -478 BC)
DARK AGES (1,150 BC/1,100 BC – 900 BC)
Invasion of Peloponnese which came as a blow and the Athenians took time to stand up again. The attack resulted in the reduction of population.
Hellenistic Athens(339 BC - 168 BC)
• Demand for regularity.
• Acropolis was the initial core.
• Some main streets started at its entrance, as well as from the road immediately surrounding it, proceeded radially throughout the city and came to an end at the city wall gates.
• In doing so, they left some free areas, the most important of which was Agora.
PRIVATE SPACEOPEN SPACE
ACROPOLIS
ATHENIAN AGORA- NEW BUILDINGS BUILT HERE
NEW
NEW ROMAN CLOSED AGORA- HOUSES AND BUILDINGS HERE WERE DEMOLISHED.
ATHENS IN THE 19TH CENTURY
• orientation was aimed at Piraeus and primarily the Acropolis, at whose feet it spread out in an open embrace.
• extending from it to the West, the North and the East.
• The road network was elaborated in part as spokes with hubs at circular plazas, and in part as horizontals and verticals in the direction of the main axes, always with absolute regularity.
ACROPOLIS
PIRAEUS
SPOKES AT CIRCULAR PLAZAS
HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL
• The shape of the main axes would be an isosceles triangle, with its peak at today’s Omonia Square, its sides defined by Piraeus and Stadiou streets, and Ermou Street as its base.
FORMATION OF SQUARE BY FOUR BOULEVARDS AND TO HOUSE THE ROYAL PALACE
THE EXPANSION OF FLORENCE BEYOND ROMAN WALLS
FLORENCEFLORENCE, Tuscany – CAPITAL• has a population of around half a million
inhabitants, • spreads on the banks of the Arno,
between the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian seas.
• It is a city which bustles with industry and craft, commerce and culture, art and science.
• it is easily accessible from most important places both in Italy and abroad
Typical layout of medieval manor
TYPOLOGIES
WATERMILLTENANTS
CASTLEARENA
CHURCH
CATHEDRAL
OPEN SPACES
•DIVERSE LAND USE MIX IN A CITY OF SHORT DISTANCES•HIGH QUALITY GREEN SPACES•SPATIAL CONCEPT-PRINCIPLES OF GRADUAL DENSITY•FLEXIBLE MOBILITY IN ATTRACTIVE URBAN SPACES
STREETS NETWORK
Rectangular in plan, it was enclosed in a wall about 1800 meters long. The built-up area, like all the cities founded by the Romans, was characterized by straight roads which crossed at right angles.