PowerPoint Presentation

Cultivation Techniques of Documented , Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Pakistan A Presentation ByMr.Allah Dad Khan allahdad52@gmail.com

Bifurcation of PresentationAwareness about MAP,sCapacity Building and Training Cultivation of Map,s a TechniquePackage of Technology for MAP,sWinter Season MAP,s CultivationSummer Season MAP,s CultivationShrubs and trees cultivationSome Glimpses of MAP,s Question Answer Session

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Awareness About Medicinal Plants

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Medicinal herb in PakistanIn Pakistan almost 2000 medicinal plants exists.However few are exploited and 90 % of the country medicinal herb requirement is imported .About 50% populate in Pakistan cure using traditional medicinesThere are more than 40000 traditional herb practitioners.Agriculture Research and development have been focused mainly on major crops and to some extent on minor crops .The medicinal herbs and spices have been ignored altogether as a result this sector is facing problems such as

Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and SindhPlant namesParts usedApproximateAnnual Yield (tons)Aconitum chasmanthum (Atees)Roots5Aconitum heterophyllum (Atees)Roots1Acontium sp. (Atees)Leaves7Adianthum capillusWhole plant120Angelica glaucaRoots7Artemisia vulgarisLeaves/ shoots148Atropa acuminate (angoori shafa)Roots74Berberis lyceum(Dar choob)Roots300Dioscorea deltoideaRhizome148Dioscorea deltoidea (Kartha)Twigs233

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Important medicinal plant species of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province , Kashmir and Baluchistan and SindhPlant namesParts usedApproximateAnnual Yield (tons)Geranium wallichianum (Lejahari)Roots18Myrtus communsFruits45Paeonia emodi( Mamekh)Rhizome99Podophyllum emodi (Ban kakri)Rhizome55Polygonum amplexicauler(bandok)Roots27Rheum emodi ( Rewand chini)Roots259Saxifraga ciliate (Roots37Thymus serphyllum ( Ban Ajwain)Leaves7Valeriana wallichii ( Muski Bala)Rhizome148Zizyphus vulgaris (Unab)Fruits30

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Issues Faced by Communities in Production of Medicinal Plants in In Pakistan Depletion of existing stock and presently most of the MA plants are found scattered in the distant areas.Threat to genetic erosion due to indiscriminate exploitation by the collectors .Quality deterioration by stake holders Few species are reported endanger to the extinct.Development of the technology of propagation and regeneration of MA plants in their natural habitat.Conservation of MA Plants

Opportunities for Cultivation of of medicinal plants

Low cost:herbals are relatively inexpensive and the cost of pharmaceuticals is risingDrug resistance:the need for alternative treatments for drug-resistant pathogensLimitations of medicine:the existence of ailments without an effective pharmaceutical treatmentMedicinal value:laboratory and clinical corroboration of safety and efficacy for a growing number of medicinal plantsCultural exchange:expanding contact and growing respect for foreign cultures, including alternative systems of medicineCommercial value:growing appreciation of trade and other commercial economic opportunities represented by medicinal plants

Economics of cultivation of MAPMost of the world's supply of medicinal herbs is obtained by wild collection (often called"wildcrafting"), not by cultivation. There are still many minor medicinal plant species in Country that are abundant in nature and can be collected in a sustainable fashion. However, because of shrinking wild resources and a strengthening sentiment that biodiversity should be preserved, cultivation is becoming increasingly important.

Economic opportunities and cultivation of MAP

4. Cultivation offers the possibility of not only preserving economically important wild plants in their natural habitats, but also of providing farmers with new crops.5. Domestic and foreign markets for medicinal plants are growing rapidly.

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants A Technique

Capacity Building Training and Visit

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants A Technique

MEDICINAL PLANTS CULTIVATION A variety of medicinal plants grow in the temperate hilly region of Pakistan. These plants gained importance in the allopathic system of medicine . Plants such asDigitalis purpurea,Atropa belladonna,Colchicum sp. (Suranjan talkh), and many others were used in British and American pharmacopoeiasThis has resulted in the depletion of the existing stock and presently most of the plants are found scattered in the distant areas.

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CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS contd

d. Some other species are also endangered through indiscriminate exploitation by the collectors. For quite a few of these valuable plants, either the quality has deteriorated or they have become extinct.e. Development of the technology of propagation and regeneration of medicinal plants in their natural habitat is essential for the conservation of this natural resource. f. Studies carried out by the Medicinal Plants Branch have revealed that temperate medicinal plants acquire perennial habits and therefore take more time to reach the stage of commercial exploitation.

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Advantages of cultivation of medicinal crops has many advantages. These include:As compared to the traditional crops, Medicinal crops provide better returns than traditional crops. Have very high domestic and export demand. Fetch better prices in the market.Could be stored for a long time, and sold at a time when better prices prevail in the market; Some Plants are largely drought tolerant, and not easily grazed by animals.Have low incidence of pest attacks and diseases. Require minimum resources, therefore the cost of cultivation is lower compared to the traditional crops. Could be raised as inter-crops, along with traditional crops, and also on degraded lands.

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WORLD IN 21st CENTURY100% increase in Worlds population (12 billion by the year 2035).50% reduction in forests cover.Life expectancy close to 100 years in most parts of the world.World resources of fossil fuel will be totally consumed. Medicinal Plant products are used through out world as FoodstuffsFlavoring agents and spicesPerfumes and cosmeticsPharmaceutical and biological agentsRecreational substances

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CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS contd

In country cultivation of medicinal plants is very intermittent.Definately the medicinal plants are not alternative in major crops. These must be included as minor crops.

Cultivation in Rainfed area Plants as xerophyte are growing there potential must be exploited through awareness and training.

Cultivation as intercropping in various cropping systemVarious medicinal plants , keeping in view their growth habit can be inter cropped in orchids, forest and with major crops . Cultivation of treesThe deciduous natural medicinal plants require more than 10 to 15 years for harvesting and economic return. These plants may be planted on separate lands, on slope hill sides ,Banks of canal and water resources.Weeds as Medicinal PlantsThere is a need develop agro technologies to keep theses weeds as a secondary crop. The farmers can earn an additional income for collecting and selling different parts of weeds.

Package of Technology for Cultivation of MAPs

Package of technology for medicinal herb plants 1Climate

As per ecological zone 2Organic FertilizersFarm Yard manure, compost /biopost3Soil

Land Preparation Loamy Soil preferred

Through one to two PloughingFollowed by planking4SeedChoosing Seeds and seedlings Next in line comes choosing the seeds. The best option would be to choose disease resistant varieties

Package of technology for medicinal herb plants Contd5Seed availabilityMethod of seeding/sowingThrough reliable sourcePlanting Seeds One by OneThe Scatter Method/ broadcastTransplanting Seedlings/ nursery6IrrigationThrough Taps , Bucket irrigation, Drip Irrigation which ever is feasible 7Insect Pests and DiseasesTo be controlled through expert advice8HarvestingProper maturity level or as directed

Package of technology for medicinal plants contd 9Collection of seed /leaves/roots/stemCollection as directed by expertAnd farmers own experience10Cleaning/DryingDry in Sunlight / shade as recommendedBy researchers11GradingAs per demand of the market 12Packing /Packaging As Per quality and ingredients

Package of technology for medicinal plants contd 13StoreCool Dry Places14Transport to marketImmediately or on the time The dealers desired for it15MarketingLocal/Provincial/National/InternationalSeek advice from experts about quantity, do not compromise on quality, as quality speaks.

Winter Season MAPCultivation

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season) contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs1Ajwain ( Khurasani)Sept-Oct36MarchMay -June500-550 2Ajwain desiSept-Oct36MarchApril- May350-4003AlsiOct-Nov30FebApril-May700-8004KalwonjiSep-Oct30MarchApril-May550-644

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants (Winter season) #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs5Tukhume balangoSept-Oct30FebApril450-6006MalathiSept-Oct100-----After three to 4 years4000-50007KuthOct-Nov(roots)Pots---After 3 Years

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs8Zeera SufaidDec-JanBroadcast---Feb350-3759Zeera KalaSept-Oct35NovDec375-40010CorianderAug-SeptBroadcast----Oct-Nov6000-7000 fresh

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs11MethiJuly-AugBroadcastSept-Nov6000-12MehindiJune -sept45---March -June1500-300013AspaghoolSept- Oct15-20FebMarch -April450-500

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs15RaiOct-Nov36FebMarch-April300-35016SoyiaOct-Nov36FebMarch -April400-50017Kali ZeeriAug-Sept50NovDec-Jan200-250

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Winter Season Contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs18KaoOct-Nov36--Feb-March400-45019MeethraSept-Oct36---March-April400-50020HaloonOct-Nov36--March-April300-400

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Summer Season MAP,s Cultivation

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs1AdrakMarch-April45---Dec-Jan20000-25000Fresh2Gekhwar (Aloe vera )March Pots---After 4 Years15000Fresh3Choongan(seed)JulyPots-------4HaldiMarch-April45---Dec-Jan20000 to 25000 Fresh

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd # NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs5PudinaFeb-March30---15-20cm Stage200-2506SaunfMarch -April45---June-July1695 7KilKilFeb-March50---Oct-Nov160-200

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Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs8BabchiMarch-April40-50--July -Dec1000-12009Lemon GrassFeb-March50Nov- DecJune -Aug25000-3000010KoortumaMarch-April50---June -July8000-1000

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Summer Season contd #NameTime of sowing Distance from Line to Line CmFlowering TimeTime of HarvestingYield per Hectare in Kgs11KulfaMarch-June25---April-Aug1000 kg saag12TillJuly45Oct-Nov13CastorJuly-Aug3 meter----Nov800

Cultivation of Shrubs and Trees

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees

AkhrootAlubukharaAppleApricotAnjeerAmroodAnnarrAammAmlaAshokkAmaltasAngoorAvacadoAnanasBakianBadamBerBhaiBankhoorBaikar

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees contd

ChakotraCheekoChalghozaCoconut FalsaFigGul e moharGardiniaGule Nishtar GilgilHarida

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees contd

JamanJatropaKikarKiliariKachnarKhajoorKajooKelaLasuraMahrukhMithaMaltaMoringaNimbo NarialNeemNashpati

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees contd

PapitaPecan NutPistaPhulaiPersimonPapaya Pecan nut Ritha

SebakthornSohanjnaShaftaloSharifaStrawberryTootTeaTimber

Cultivation of Medicinal Plants /trees

Unab

Some Glimpses of MAP,s

Tulsi

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Aloe vera

Lemon Grass

Dhania

Methi

Haldi ( Turmeric)

Milk Thistle

Rose Mary

Parsley

Podophyllum

Kalonji ( Nigella Sativa)

Peppermint

Lemon Balm

Pot Marigold

Tea Tree

Fennel

Oyster Mushroom

Jamun

Olive

Chamomile

Choongan

Question Answer Session

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