medical terminology anatomy al ma`arefa college. objectives: describe the anatomical position of...
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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ANATOMY
Al Ma`arefa College
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Objectives: Describe the anatomical position of the
body and discuss its significance in the science of medicine
Describe anatomical planes of body Explain why directional terms are relative
and must be used in reference to body structures or a body in anatomical position.
Explain how anatomical terms are derived
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ANATOMIC TERMINOLOGY
ANATOMICAL POSITION
ANATOMICAL PLANES
ANATOMICAL ADJECTIVES
ANATOMICAL MOVEMENTS
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ANATOMIC POSITION
All structures are described and named with reference to the anatomical position.
In the anatomical position, the body is Standing erect The eyes look straight to the front Face and palms of the hands directed
forwards The upper limbs hang by the sides of trunk The lower limbs are parallel with the feet
together and the toes pointing forwards
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ANATOMIC PLANES
Median Sagittal ( Midsagittal ) Plane: A vertical plane passing between the anterior midline and posterior midline, dividing the body into right & left halves.
Parasagittal ( Paramedian ) Plane: Any plane parallel to median sagittal plane
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ANATOMIC PLANES
coronal vertical,
perpendicular to median
Horizontal (transverse) parallel to floor,
perpendicular to median, coronal
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVESAre arranged as pairs of opposites
Anterior (Ventral ) & Posterior (Dorsal )
Anterior: Towards the front of the body
Posterior: Towards the back of the body
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVESAre arranged as pairs of opposites
Superior( Cranial ) & Inferior (Caudal )
Superior: Towards the head
Inferior: Towards the feet
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Proximal & Distal Proximal: Nearer
the trunk
Distal: Away from the trunk
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Medial & Lateral Medial: Towards
the midline of the body
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Superficial & Deep
Superficial: Nearer the surface of the body
Profundus (Deep): Away from the surface of the body
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Central & Peripheral
Central: Towards the central axis of the body
Peripheral: Away from the central axis of the body
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Ipsilateral & Contralateral Ipsilateral: Of the same side
Contralateral: Of the Opposite side
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Flexor Surface & Extensor Surface Flexor Surface: The anterior surface in
the upper limb and the posterior surface in the lower limb
Extensor surface: The posterior surface in the upper limb and the anterior surface in the lower limb
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Palmar & Dorsal Surfaces of Hand
Palmar Surface: Anterior surface
Dorsal Surface: Posterior surface
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ANATOMIC ADJECTIVES CONT.
Planter & Dorsal Surfaces of Foot
Planter Surface: Lower surface Dorsal Surface: Upper surface
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS
Flexion & Extension Flexion:
approximation of flexor surface of the adjoining parts and thus reduces the angle of the joint.
Extension: approximation of extensor surface of the adjoining parts and thus increases the angle of the joint.
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS
Abduction & Adduction
Abduction: Moving the part away from the body
Adduction: Moving the part towards the body
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Medial & Lateral Rotation
Medial Rotation: Inwards rotation
Lateral Rotation: Outwards rotation
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Circumduction: Combination in sequence of the movements of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.Pronation & Supination of Forearm Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so
that the palm is turned backwards Supination: Rotation of the forearm so
that the palm is turned forwards
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Dorsiflexion & Planterflexion of Foot
Dorsiflexion: Upward flexion of the foot
Planterflexion: Downward flexion of the foot
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ANATOMIC MOVEMENTS CONT.
Inversion and Eversion of foot
Inversion : movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces inwards or medially
Eversion: movement of the sole of foot in which sole faces outwards or laterally
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Terms used to describing vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries Anastomosis
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Term used for describing bony feature Elevation
Linear elevation Sharp elevation Rounded or irregular elevation
Depressions Pit, impression, fovea, fossa, groove, notch
Openings Smooth articular surface
Facet, condyle, head, capitulum or trochlea
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THANKS