514

Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD.-The following candi-

dates have been approved for the Diploma in Ophthal-mology :-Harriet R. D. Ford, David Horgan, K. N. Karanjia, G. C. L. Kerans,G. H. Oliver, D. D. Paton, and A. C. Reid.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.-At examinationsheld in July the following candidates were successful :-

FIRST EXAMINATION FOR MEDICAL DEGREES.Gustave Adler, London Hospital; Roy Douglas Aylward, Ton-bridge School and London Hospital; Santiago Ernesto Barraza,University College; Maung Ba Thin, Guy’s Hospital; JohnChurchill Blake, University College; Harold John Blampied,St. Thomas’s Hospital; Joseph Erwin Adolphe Bouchaud andGeoffrey Bourne, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; *tNorman JesseBoxall, Epsom College ; Charles Hargreaves Bracewell,University of Liverpool . Henry Walter Breese, BirkbeckCollege; Cyril Huleatt Brew, University College ; ReginaldBertram Britton, University of Bristol ; Elsie Charlotte Bulley,University of Liverpool; Ellinor Marjorie Burnett, HartleyUniversity College; Francis Caldecott and Donald Cameron,Epsom College; Duncan Gillard Churcher, City of London School;Henry Joseph Constantine Churchill. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital ;etWilfrid Edward Le Gros Clark, St. Thomas’s Hospital; ApolloJohn Cokkinis, St. Mary’s Hospital; Eric Vere Corry, EpsomCollege; William Adlington Date, Epsom College and UniversityTutorial College; Charles Owen Davies, University College,Aberystwyth; George Vincent Davies, Epsom College; EdwinFrank Deacon, Guy’s Hospital; Phyllis Decima Dixon, London(Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; HowardLexster Douglas, London Hospital; Monte Edwards, St. Thomas’sHospital; David Washington Evans, University of Bristol; GraceHamilton Ewart, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicinefor Women; William Feldman, University College ; Louis AlfredRoger Gaud and John Gay, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital;Maximilian Walter Geffen, University College; Nannie Gibson andDorothy Gilford, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicinefor Women; Ernest Howard Glenny, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital;Henry Gluckman, London Hospital; *Eryl Glynne, UniversityCollege, Bangor ; Alice Muriel Griffiths, University College,Cardiff; Herbert Glynn Hall, University College; Joan Hardy,London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women;Cecil Gordon Harper, Middlesex Hospital; Leslie WilliamHefferman, Epsom College; Bertha Hinde, University TutorialCollege; Eric Clark Hinde, Guy’s Hospital; GeorgeFranklin Wise Howorth, Mercers’ School and Middlesex Hos-pital ; Naunton Reginald Jenkins, University College, Cardiff ;Henry Cyril Conwy Joyce, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; AmyMargaret Kerr, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicinefor Women; John Isaie Kuhne, King’s College; Felix RaoulLeblanc, Guy’s Hospital; Lloyd Kirwood Ledger, St. Bartho-lomew’s Hospital; Emily Catherine Lewis, London (Royal FreeHospital) School of Medicine for Women ; Pao Tsang Liang, MillHill School and St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Gordon ParmiterLindsay, Guy’s Hospital: Alice Lloyd Lloyd-Williams, London(Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; WilliamAlexander Low, St. Thomas’s Hospital; Kenneth McFadyean andBruce Maclean, University College; Thomas Hawks McLeod,King’s College; Bernard Gouldsmith Marshall, Epsom College ;Charles Leslie Mason, St. Mary’s Hospital and Epsom College;Farid Morcos, St. Mary’s Hospital ; Ernest Rudolf Dudley Nagel, St.Thomas’s Hospital; Martin Herbert Oldershaw, University College ;Alexander Edward Patrick Parker, William Ellis Endowed Schooland Birkbeck College; Arthur Edmund Beer Paul, UniversityCollege; Eric Denholm Pridie, University of Liverpool; HenryNorman Pritchett, Guy’s Hospital; William Russell Ranson,Epsom College; Olive Rendel, London (Royal Free Hospital)School of Medicine for Women; John Charles Ryder Richardson,St. Paul’s School; Gabriel Francis Rodrigues, Madras MedicalCollege and University College ; Gwendolen Mary Rolfe, London(Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; JamesPaterson Ross, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Henry Rowan, Uni-versity College; William Harris Royal, University of Bristol;Eleanor May Scarborough, London (Royal Free Hospital) School ofMedicine for Women; Simeon Cyril Shaw, Birkbeck College;Montague Beavan Tench, Middlesex Hospital; Benjamin Thomas,Epsom College; Daniel Jenkin Thomas, B.Se., private study;*John Herbert Thomas, University Tutorial College; GeorgeEdwin Tilsley, University of Bristol ; Charles MaitlandTitterton, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Alfred Robert Tothill,King’s College ; Richard Wake Twining, Epsom College;Alfred James Usborne, private tuition and study; RichardWalters, London Hospital; Sydney Arthur Thomas Ware, St.Thomas’s Hospital; Frederick William Arbuthnot Watt, LondonHospital; Alfred C. S. Whiteway-Wilkinson, University College;Idwal Glynne Williams, University College, Bangor; Sydney CarverWoodhouse, King Edward’s High School, Birmingham; IreneYates, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine forWomen; and Frank Young, Guy’s Hospital.

* Distinction in Inorganic Chemistry. f Distinction in Physics.SECOND EXAMINATION FOR MEDICAL DEGREES, PART I.

Organic and Applied Chemistry.-Girdhar Clement Agarwala,London Hospital; James Reid Banks, University College; GraceMary Beaven, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine forWomen; Herbert Frederic Gustave Berncastle, Guy’s Hospital; .Alethea Josephine Bolton, University College, Nottingham, andprivate study; Guy William John Bousfield, St. Thomas’s Hospital;Octavius Cyril Carter, London Hospital; Philip Caro Leslie Carrier,Charing Cross Hospital ; John D’Arcy Champney, University of

Bristol ; Percy Selwyn Clarke and Philip Nield Cook, St. Bar-tholomew’s Hospital; Dorothy Trevor Daintree, London (RoyafFree Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; Robert CecilDavenport, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; John Milton Davey,University of Leeds; Andrew Norman M. Davidson, King’sCollege ; George Day, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital ; JamesDaniel Dyson, Middlesex Hospital; Arthur William FosterEdmonds, Clarence Franklin Eminson, and Lionel BernardGoldschmidt, King’s College; Hubert Oliver Gunewardene, CeylonMedical College and University College; Iris Harding, London(Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; ArthurReginald Hart, King’s College and Westminster Hospital ; GrahamWilliam Heckels, Guy’s Hospital; Blanche Aspasie M. Henderson,Victoria University of Manchester and University College; WilliamAndrew Hewitson, University of Durham ; Charles ArundelHutchinson, London Hospital; John Wilkinson Davis Hyde,University College; Helen Ingleby, London (Royal Free Hospital)School of Medicine for Women; Jack Joffe, Guy’s Hospital;Stewart Russell Johnston, University College; Vivian EmrysJones, University College, Bangor; Michael Harry KirkpatrickKane, University College ; George Edwin Kidman, Guy’s Hospital;Charles Ainger Kirton, University College; Edward Eric Lightwood,King’s College and Westminster Hospital; Marguerite FrancesJane Lowenfeld and Ethel Marion McCartney, London (Royal FreeHospital) School of Medicine for Women; Malcolm HenryMacKeith, Hartley University College and Queen’s College,Oxford; Humphrey Ingilby Marriner, St. Thomas’s Hospital;Arthur Morford, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Arthur HarryMorris, University of Bristol; John James Murphy, LondonHospital; Noel Olivier and Irene Grace Parsons, London (RoyalFree Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; Eric Finch Peck,University of Liverpool; Victor J. E. C. del S. Perez y Marzan,University College; Edwin Seymour Phillips, Guy’s Hospital;Bertram Henzell Pidcock, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; SytilMadeline Georgina Pratt, London (Royal Free Hospital) Schoolof Medicine for Women; Thomas Dawson Pratt, University ofLeeds; Stephen Henry de Grave Pritchard, London Hospital;Charles Nathaniel Read, King’s College ; Joyce Baron Reed, London(Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine for Women ; Paul RigauldRiggall, University College ; Henry Bret Russell, St. Paul’s School;Mandell Shimberg, London Hospital; Ellen Sylk, London (RoyalFree Hospital) School of Medicine for Women; Aubrey LeonardTelling, Leeds Technical School and private tuition ; Arthur AntonThiel, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; Norman Beattie Thomas, Uni-versity College, Bangor; Ralph Edwin Stuart Webb, MiddlesexHospital; Arthur William Wells, London Hospital; Effie AdelaWharton, London (Royal Free Hospital) School of Medicine forWomen; Graham Selby Wilson, King’s College; and CampbellYoung, University College.

FOREIGN UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.-Basle: Dr. Corning, extraordinary professor of anatomy,has been promoted to Ordinary Professor.-Berlin: Dr.

Claus, laryngologist and otologist to the Rudolf VirchowHospital, has been granted the title of Professor. Dr. His,who was offered von Noorden’s chair in Vienna, has decidedto remain in Berlin. Dr. August von Wassermann has beennominated Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of

Experimental Therapeutics now being built in Dahlem. Dr.Karl Stolte has been recognised as privat-docent ofChildren’s Diseases, and Dr. Thomas as privat-docent ofMedicine.-Bonn: Dr. Hans Hinselmann has been recognisedas privat-docent of Midwifery and Gynmcology.-Bre.3lau:Dr. Erich Frank has been recognised as privat-doeent ofMedicine. -Bucharest: Dr. Brukner has been appointed tothe chair of Histology.-Budapest: Dr. Karl Borszeky andDr. Tiberius Verebelly, privat-docenten of surgery, have beengranted the title of Extraordinary Professor. Dr. K. Langhas been recognised as privat-docent of Rhinology.-Char-lottenburg : Dr. Ernst Barth, senior staff surgeon, has beenappointed Municipal Laryngologist and Otologist.—Clausen-bU/rq (Koloszvár) : Dr. Sigmund Jakabházy, priviat-docent,has been promoted to the chair of Pharmacology.-CologneAcademy of Practical Medicine: Dr. Ewald H. Hering hasbeen offered the chair of Physiology. Dr. Reiner Muller,of Kiel, has been offered the charge of the Instituteof Hygiene and Bacteriology which is to be built.-

Copenhagen : Dr. S. Monrad, lecturer on children’s diseases,has been granted the title of Professor.-Göttingen : Dr.Lowe has been recognised as privat-docent of Pharmaco-logy.-Greifs7vald: Dr. G. Schöne, privat-doeent of surgery,and Dr. F. Cohn, privat-dovent of midwifery, have beengranted the title of Professor.- Groningen: Dr. J. van

de Hoeve, of Utrecht, has been appointed to the chair ofOphthalmology.-Innsbruck: Dr. Felix von Werdt has beenrecognised as privct-docent of Pathological Anatomy.-Jassy : Dr. Dobrovici has been appointed to the chair ofInternal Pathology.-Jena: Dr. Rudolf Eden has beenrecognised as privat-docent of Surgery.-Konigsberg : Dr.Benthin has been recognised as privct-docent of Gynaecology.-Leipsic : Dr. Versé, privat-docent of pathologicalanatomy, has been appointed Extraordinary Professor.-Lyons: Dr. E. M. Martin, professeur agrégé, has been pro-moted to the chair of Forensic Medicine.

515

WEST LONDON POST-GRADUATE COLLEGE.-Ashort vacation course lasting three weeks will commence atthis college on August 18th, the syllabus for the ensuingweek being announced in the Diary of THE LANCET.

Dr. Henry Buchanan Murray, of Belfast, was.admitted by the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor of Dublin afreeman of that city at a court held in the Dublin City Hallon July 8th.

KING’S COLLEGE HOSPITAL MEDICAL SCHOOL(UNIVERSITY OF LONDON).-The following scholarship andprizes have been awarded :-Senior scholarship and prize indiseases of children, Mr. C. F. Hacker; medicine prize,Mr. A. E. Panter; obstetric medicine prize, forensicmedicine prize, and clinical surgery prize, Mr. F. H. Mosse;Todd prize and Tanner prize, Mr. E. W. Carrington.THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON.

-The Baly medal of the College has been awarded to Dr.John Scott Haldane, F.R.S., reader in physiology at theUniversity of Oxford. The award is made every other yearto the person who shall have most distinguished himself inthe science of physiology.-The Charles Murchison scholar-ship, which is awarded alternately by the University ofEdinburgh and the Royal College of Physicians, has beenawarded by the University to Dr. Alan William Stuart Sichel.

BRISTOL ROYAL INFIRMARY.-At the half-yearlymeeting the chairman, Sir George White, in reporting pro-gress for the preceding six months, referred to the great losssustained by the city in the loss of Mr. J. S. Fry, thechairman of the General Hospital. The in-patients numbered2490, an increase of 53 over the corresponding six months of1912, and the out-patients 21,649, a falling off of 3352, nodoubt due to the operation of the National Insurance Act.The financial statement was not reassuring, the six months’income being E7716 and the expenditure .610,446. Thechairman made his usual appeal for more subscribers, andmentioned that the Prince of Wales had sent a subscriptionof £10.

_______________

Parliamentary Intelligence.NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS.

Experiments on Living Animals.Mr. ELLIS GRIFFITH, Under Secretary for the Home Office, moved

in the House of Commons on August 6th, an address for a return

"showing the number of experiments on living animals during theyear 1912, under licences granted under the Act 39 and 40 Vict. c. 77,distinguishing the nature of the experiments."

Two Scottish Bills.Two Scottish Bills, the Mental Deficiency and Lunacy (Scotland) Bill

and the Highlands and Islands (Medical Service) Bill, passed the thirdreading in the House of Commons on August 6th.

Pitblic Health (Treatment oj Disease) Bill.The Public Health (Prevention and Treatment of Disease) Bill passed

through Committee in the House of Commons on August 6th, andon August 7th was read the third time.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 6TH.

A Restricted Choice of Doctor.Sir HENRY CRAIK asked the Secretary to the Treasury whether, in

view of the fact that the choice of doctor was materially restricted inthe case of insured persons in Wisbech owing to the exclusion of severallocal doctors from the panel, he was prepared to grant a special inquiryinto the administration of medical benefits in the Isle of Ely.-Mr.MASTERMAN replied : I have fully explained the circumstances whichled to the suspension of the normal panel arrangements in the areareferred to. No representations have been received from the InsuranceCommittee or from insured persons resident in the area that thearrangements which have been sanctioned for the provision of medicalbenefit to insured persons are inadequate, and I see no reason forinstituting such an inquiry as is suggested by the honourable Member.

The Sight Tests of the Board of Trade.Major WHITE asked the President of the Board of Trade whether he

was aware that at the recent annual meeting of the British MedicalAssociation at Brighton a resolution was adopted, with one dissentient,by the Ophthalmological Section, and recommended to the Council ofthe British Medical Association, that the sight tests of the Board ofTrade were not satisfactory, and that an inquiry was urgently neededin the interests of the Mercantile Marine and of the nation ; and, if so,whether he proposed to take any action in respect to this recommenda-tion.-Mr. J. M. ROBERTSON replied: I have seen a statement in thepress to the effect that such a resolution was carried. The Board ofTrade have, however, received no communication from the Association

on the subject, and I am not aware of the grounds on which the resolu-tion was based. As the honourable Member is aware, the sight tests nowused were adopted on the recommendation of a strong DepartmentalCommittee which recently investigated the whole question, and I seeno necessity for any further Committee of Inquiry.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 7TH.Vaccination Lymph.

Mr. LYNCH asked the President of the Local Government Board(1) whether, in the lymph used by his department for vaccination pur-poses the germs of variola were living or dead, and whether the germsof cow-pox were living or dead; whether any means existed by whichtheir relative strength might be ascertained, or by which purity of thelymph might be guaranteed, or by which any standardisation, even ofthe roughest kind, might be obtained ; whether he had had hip atten-tion called to the researches of Dr. Criado y Aguilhar, who concludedthat what was ordinarily called small-pox was due to a mixed infection,and that frequently the lymph employed was richer in the germs ofaccompanying diseases than in those of variola; and whether anyscientific research was in progress in his department which would throwlight on this subject; and (2) whether, in the system of vaccinationadopted by his department any attempt was made to distinguishbetween the specific germs of variola and of cow-pox ; if so, whether hecould state the means employed ; whether, in the event of these beingundistinguishable by reason of the fact that neither had been identified,the results obtained were believed to be due to inoculation with the

germs of variola or with those of cow-pox; whether, in case no dis-crimination in the matter was possible, vaccination with cow-pox germswas held to provide immunity against variola ; whether, having regardto the advisability of establishing this technique on a scientific basis, hisdepartment had ever carried through any series of experiments to deter-mine the points indicated; and, if not, whether it would now do so.-Mr. BURNS (President of the Local Government Board) replied: Thegerms of cow-pox and variola have not so far been identified; it is,therefore, impossible to give the honourable Member the comparativeinformation he desires concerning them. The subject is constantlyengaging the attention of my advisers.Mr. LYNCE : Does the right honourable gentleman observe that these

questions really state the case for putting the whole matter on a soundbasis?-Mr. BURNS: That may be a matter of opinion. The objectwhich the honourable Member wishes to secure by his questions hasbeen engaging attention for some time, and, as the honourable Memberis probably aware, the Grocers’ Company have offered a reward of 21000for the discovery of the germ of small-pox.

Inocnlation Researches.Mr. LYNCH also asked the President of the Local Government Board

whether his attention had been called to recent researches on theContinent, in various scientific centres, which indicated that inocula-tion with the germs of certain diseases might render the subject moresusceptible to the attacks of other diseases; whether, in view of thisfact, he had investigated the effect of vaccination on the resistance ofchildren to anterior poliomyelitis, which disease was increasing infrequency and virulence, and which now presented a greater danger tochildren than small-pox ; and whether his department proposed toestablish any system of inoculation against anterior poliomyelitis.-Mr.BURNS answered: My attention has been called to the researchesmentioned. The establishment of any system of inoculation againstanterior poliomyelitis is not practicable at the present time in view ofthe fact that no reliable protective serum has yet been prepared.Mr. FORSTER: Is it not a fact that the percentage of children

successfully vaccinated is steadily declining ?-Mr. BURNS: That ques-tion has no relation to poliomyelitis, but what the honourableMember says is correct.Mr. LYNCH further asked the President of the Local Government

Board whether, in view of the fact that in the cases of tuberculosis,typhoid fever, diphtheria, and certain other diseases, the specific germwas known, cultures and attenuations were possible, and standardisa-tion might be roughly obtained, his department would set on foot anational system of inoculation against these diseases; or whether, if heheld that the diminution of the evil of these diseases both in regard toextent and virulence had been brought about by various agencieswithin control, notably by increased attention to sanitary syslems, hewould attach yet greater importance to this aspect of the question ofpublic health, and make use of it rather than of indiscriminate inocu-lation as his chief means of combating small-pox.-Mr. BURNS replied:As at present advised, I am not prepared to set on foot a nationalsystem of inoculation against the diseases mentioned. I may, however.draw the honourable Member’s attention to an Order issued by theLocal Government Board in 1910 giving powers to local authoritiesunder certain conditions to supply diphtheria antitoxin and medicalassistance in connexion therewith. My department always attachesthe greatest importance to improved sanitation.Mr. LYNCH finally asked the President of the Local Government

Board whether his attention had been directed to the fact thatwherever inoculation could be even roughly controlled by standardisa-tion and the results estimated with some approach to accuracy, as, forexample, Sir Almoth Wright’s inoculations with tuberculin and hisestimations J)y aid of the opsonic index, the period of immunity hadbeen found surprisingly short; whether any scientific experimentshad ever been set on foot in his department to ascertain the period ofimmunity attained by vaccination; whether, otherwise than byguesswork, it was set down at a number of years instead of the corre-sponding number of weeks ; and whether, as the ascertamment of thispoint lay at the base of the theory on which his department acted, anyexperiments had been or were now in progress to conduct theseoperations on scientific lines.-Mr. BURNS replied: My attention hasbeen drawn to Sir Almroth Wright’s experiments. As regards the pro-tective effect of vaccination against small-pox, I would refer thehonourable Member to Section 377 of the Final Report of the RoyalCommission on Vaccination.Mr. LYNCH : Does the right honourable gentleman observe tint if the

time of immunity is really short it will affect the reading of the whole ofthe statistics which have been relied upon by his department in favour ofthe present mode of vaccination ?-Mr. BURNS: Yes; but the time ofimmunity is nothing like so short as the honourable Member suggestsby his supplementary question. Paragraph 377 of the Report of theRoyal Commission on Vaccination gives the period of protection asnine or ten years. The honourable Member almost suggests a fewmonths.