media technologies and waste · the e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global...

21
MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND EWASTE Ben Taylor Media & Cultural Studies School of Arts & Humanities NTU

Upload: others

Post on 08-Aug-2020

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND E‐WASTE

Ben Taylor

Media & Cultural Studies

School of Arts & Humanities

NTU

Page 2: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

BBC, 2013      

Page 3: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Hern, 2013

Page 4: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

How do people dispose of their unwanted media technologies?

Page 5: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

The e‐waste ‘tsunami’

• 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014

• Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors) make up 22% of this 

• Only 6.5 million tonnes processed through official take‐back schemes

• E‐waste levels set to increase a further 25% by 2020 

(Baldé et al., 2015) 

Page 6: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

E‐waste, the environment and climate change 

• ‘81% of the energy used in a computer’s life cycle is expended in the manufacturing process’ (Parikka, 2015: 99)

• Transporting waste

• Toxicity and pollution

Page 7: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Upgrade culture and planned obsolescence

Page 8: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Digital technologies as green technologies

Page 9: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Digital technologies as icons of ‘cool capitalism’ (McGuigan, 2009)

• ‘to command hearts and souls,’ cool capitalism masks ‘out its much less appealing back region’ (McGuigan, 2009: 1)

• ‘The digital revolution, as it turns out, is littered with rubbish’ (Gabrys, 2011: 2)

Page 10: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Consumption practices/waste practices

• ‘divestment is foundational to contemporary levels of consumerism’ (Gregson, Metcalfe and Crewe, 2007: 187)

• ‘studying consumption makes no sense unless we consider the role of disposing as an integral part of the totality of what consumer activity is all about’ (Hetherington, 2004: 158) 

Page 11: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Media studies and e‐waste

• E‐waste as ‘the elephant in media studies’ living room’ (Maxwell and Miller, 2008)

• Global volume of e‐waste equivalent to 1,000 elephants an hour (Gabrys, 2011: 14)

Page 12: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Consuming media technologies

• Focuses on integration and domestication of technologies, rather than divestment and disposal

Page 13: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Consuming media technologies

Page 14: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Ethnographies of waste practices

Waste

Food(Evans, 2014)

Children’s possessions (Phillips and Sego, 2011)

Household belongings(Gregson, 2007)

Page 15: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

How do people dispose of their unwanted media technologies?

• Regularity of media technology upgrades

• Experience of planned obsolescence 

• Extent to which e‐waste presents itself as a problem when making consumption choices about new media technologies

Page 16: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

How do people dispose of their unwanted media technologies?

• ‘closet‐fill’ (Grossman, 2006: 140)

• The ‘gap in disposal’ (Evans, 2014)

• Disposal choices: • Land fill• Take‐back schemes• Recycling• Selling or passing on to others

Page 17: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

How do people dispose of their unwanted media technologies?

• Knowledge of WEEE directive

Page 18: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Media technologies and e‐waste

• Policy implications

Page 19: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Media technologies and e‐waste

• Disciplinary implications: ‘to expand what “counts”’ in the field of media studies (Hastie, 2007: 171)

Page 20: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

Media technologies and e‐waste

• ‘It is time to green the media by greening media studies’ (Maxwell and Miller, 2012: 21)

Page 21: MEDIA TECHNOLOGIES AND WASTE · The e‐waste ‘tsunami’ • 41.8 million tonnes of global e‐waste produced in 2014 • Media technologies (small IT equipment; screens and monitors)

References

Baldé, C.P., Wang, F., Kuehr, R., Huisman, J. (2015) The global e‐waste monitor – 2014, Bonn, Germany: United Nations University, IAS – SCYCLE. Available at: http://i.unu.edu/media/unu.edu/news/52624/UNU‐1stGlobal‐E‐Waste‐Monitor‐2014‐small.pdf (accessed 19 November 2015).    

BBC (2013) ‘James Howells searches for hard drive with £4m‐worth of bitcoins stored’, BBC News [online], 28 November. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk‐wales‐south‐east‐wales‐25134289 (accessed 1 December 2015).

Evans, D. (2014) Food Waste: Home Consumption, Material Culture and Everyday Life, London: Bloomsbury.

Gabrys, J. (2011) Digital Rubbish: a natural history of electronics, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Gregson, N., Metcalfe, A. and Crewe, L. (2007) ‘Moving things along: the conduits and practices of divestment in consumption’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 32 (2): 187‐200.

Grossman, E. (2006) High Tech Trash: Digital Devices, Hidden Toxics and Human Health, Washington DC: Island Press. 

Hastie, A. (2007) ‘Introduction Detritus and the Moving Image: Ephemera, Materiality, History’, Journal of Visual Culture, 6 (2): 171‐174.

Hern, A. (2013) ‘Missing: hard drive containing Bitcoins worth £4m in Newport landfill site’, The Guardian [online], 27 November. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/nov/27/hard‐drive‐bitcoin‐landfill‐site (accessed 1 December 2015).

Hetherington, K. (2004) ‘Secondhandness: consumption, disposal, and absent presence’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 22 (1): 157‐173.

Maxwell, R. and Miller, T. (2008) ‘E‐waste: elephant in the living room’, Flowtv.org. Available at: http://flowtv.org/2008/12/e‐waste‐elephant‐in‐the‐living‐room‐richard‐maxwell‐queens‐college‐cuny‐toby‐miller‐uc‐riverside/ (accessed 19 November 2015).  

Parikka, J. (2015) A Geology of Media, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Phillips, B, J. and Sego, T. (2011) ‘The role of identity in disposal: lessons from mothers’ disposal of children’s possessions’, Marketing Theory, 11 (4): 435‐454.