media monitoring parliamentary elections in albania 2005 ... · ballkan, korrieri, gazeta...

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1

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Methodology and Terminology 5 General Information 6

Monitoring Organizations 6 Monitoring Structure 6 Monitoring List and Period 7

TELEVISION 8 ELECTORAL SPOTS 18 RADIO 22 NEWSPAPER 26 Women politicians in the media during the electoral campaign 32

2

EXUCUTIVE SUMMARY

• Almost all visual media shifted to a more balanced method of reporting during this monitoring period, based on recommendations from the ACAC.

• Most of the media reduced their coverage of the government during the electoral

campaign, also a recommendation from the ACAC.

• Positive changes have been noted for public television station TVSH, which shifted from clear support for the SP and the government to more balanced reporting and also including coverage for the DP and its leader.

• Most of the media rarely broadcast negative or critical information on political parties.

• Newspapers increased the amount of space dedicated to the DP and the SP (namely

Ballkan, Korrieri, Gazeta Shqiptare), leaving less coverage for smaller parties.

• Two radio stations continue not to broadcast politician soundbites: Radio Rash and Radio +2.

• Public radio decreased the amount of time dedicated to the government, but

continued to report on it in a mainly positive context. Reporting on the two main parties was mostly balanced, but still leaving room for criticism.

• Newspaper and radio stations increased their coverage of women in politics slightly

from the previous monitoring period. However, there was no coverage of women’s campaign on television at all.

• As noted in the first report, no women candidates were among the top ten politicians

in terms of soundbite opportunities. This project was made possible through support provided by the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs through the Democracy and Governance in Albania project which is supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement No. 182-A-00-04-00104-00. The opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. At the same time this project was made possible through the support of British Embassy. The ACAC is very pleased to be working together with the British Embassy on this worthwhile initiative and welcomes the British Embassy's firm support for our efforts to encourage an independent and impartial media environment within Albania.

3

INTRODUCTION While it is impossible to have democracy in a country without genuine elections, the democratic process extends well beyond Election Day. Democratic governance requires an active and informed citizenry. The media is often referred to as the Fourth Estate, indicating its important role in society. In a democracy, we look to the press to act as a watchdog of events and decisions, to help citizens stay informed about what is going on. But this role can only be fulfilled in media coverage follows key principles and practices. Media monitoring is a tool that can help journalists report in a more accurate, precise, and balanced way. Media monitoring is a tool that promotes trust of citizens in media reporting. Wherever the media exists, it is useful to follow their work and then to analyze media’s relationship with different subjects. Media monitoring is a research discipline that includes analytical elements. Its aim is to help media in creating balance while reporting and to reflect professional mistakes. During the observation period the assignment of monitoring team is to gain data that reflect the real feelings of citizen who watch, listen or read targeted media. The following report is based on media monitoring that took place in Albania from June 11 to June 24, 2005. Principles of good journalism There are key principles that are widely accepted as to what constitutes “good journalism.” Among them are:

• Respect good journalistic ethics • Balance reporting in terms of time/space, and context of information • Differentiated between government and ruling party officials • Avoid using Government as promotional tool for candidates and policy alternatives • Avoid allocating excessive time to government activities to the exclusion of other

political actors • Provide access to alternative sides to respond to criticism or attacks • Guide politicians to respond to what is important for citizens • Never promote hate speech • Behave as a public watchdog

Biased and unprofessional reporting will not influence decided voters. It can potentially influence undecided voters because poor reporting distorts perception and that distortion of truth is all that citizens have on which to base decisions. Rather than imposing decisions on citizens, the media’s role is to inform citizens about relevant events so that they can make an informed choice. This reporting is balanced, precise, correct and fair. It offers equal opportunities for all parties to express opinions and ideas. Government has an important role not to impede the media in fulfilling these functions and in facilitating media pluralism in order to expose the public to the widest variety of sources of information.

4

METHODOLOGY AND TERMINOLOGY Media monitoring uses two sets of criteria—qualitative and quantitative. Both sets of criteria are highly relevant to present a comprehensive picture of media reporting in an election campaign. Qualitative Analysis In qualitative research the main elements are context and presentation. Context is the timing and setting of the information itself. For example, if political party A speaks in a positive context about itself or in a negative context about some other subject, a medium is not partial just because it broadcasts the information. What matters is whether a medium broadcasts information with positive or negative context on confrontational subjects in a selective manner over a period of time so that a distinct pattern develops. Presentation is the extent to which events are reported factually (i.e. “X” happened) versus the amount of editorial comment or influence on those events.1 For example, the words used to describe the event can be positive or negative. The tone of a journalist during news coverage can also influence perception. Finally, facial expression and body language (for television journalists) influence the way information is perceived. Quantitative Analysis Quantitative analysis assesses the time or space in which a political party or politician is mentioned, spoken of, quoted, or appears in a particular medium. Total Time/Space: the amount of time that broadcast media (television and radio) devote to reporting on a certain political subject, or print media (newspapers and journals) devote to political parties or Government activity. Quotation is the time or space given to a journalist to retell someone else’s words. Sound bite (or printed remark for print media): the amount of time or space that media give political parties for expressing their own political opinions and represents part of the total time. This category covers interviews and announcements directly from political parties or political subjects. Object Time: time when subject X is speaking about politician Y, so that politician Y is the “object” of the content. This covers cases in which journalists mention political subjects in their articles or when others talk about political subjects. Source: where media get information, such as news agencies, other media, as well as various press statements, reports and other announcements.

1 Presentation is not analyzed for each media outlet monitored in this report. However, in the instances where it had a particularly strong effect on the coverage, this is noted.

5

GENERAL INFORMATION Monitoring organizations The ACAC media monitoring is being conducted by four organizations: Albanian Coalition Against Corruption (ACAC) ACAC was created in 2001 to reduce corruption by strengthening the role of civil society and working in coordination with government. Its aims are to increase the awareness of the causes and costs of corruption and to transform that awareness into advocacy for reforms to reduce and combat corruption. Institute for Polls and Opinions (ISO) Founded in 2000, the Institute for Polls and Opinions is an independent survey research center that provides services to private and public sector organizations. ISO periodically measures electronic media rating and legibility of print media in Albania. In addition to the permanent staff, ISO employs 25 external experts and has a panel of 4000 people across 36 districts. Institute for Development Research and Alternatives (IDRA) IDRA Research is the social and marketing research survey unit of Institute for Development Research and Alternatives (IDRA). It offers research for institutional and private clients. They have a network of more than 150 interviewers covering all the regions of Albania and Kosovo. Center for Transparency and Free Information (CTFI) The Center’s aim is to increase public awareness for the need for a continuous democratization of Albanian life as well as the enforcement of national policies in the fight against corruption. Some of the projects conducted by the Center include: 2003 May-December: “Media for Transparency”. Monitoring Structure The overall project is being conducted under the umbrella of the ACAC. The project is headed by a Steering Committee composed of all four organizations which first defined the precise list of media to be monitored in this project. Media were chosen according to the findings of a short research on the media influence in Albania. There are 23 monitors involved in the project, apart from three coordinators, one main coordinator and other staff - technicians, finance and IT managers. The staff was selected carefully and screened for any potential political bias. Monitors rotate regularly within each of the three groups (television, radio, and newspapers), in order to get as diverse opinions as possible. List of monitored media Television – Monitoring conducted by ISO. TVSH, Top Channel, Klan, Koha, TVA, Vizion +, News 24, Alsat, Teuta, Egnatia Radio – Monitoring conducted by IDRA. Radio Tirana, Top Albania Radio, Radio RASH, Radio +2 Newspaper – Monitoring conducted by CTFI. Shekulli, Panorama, Koha Jone, Gazeta Shqiptare, Ballkan, Korrieri

6

Monitoring Periods Television - 15:00 to 24:00. In that period of time, only news and political advertisement were monitored. Radio - 07:00 to 10:00 and 15:00 to 18:00. Only news and political advertising were monitored. Newspapers - all of the political items were monitored without any limits. The aim of this media monitoring project is to provide an overall view of the Albanian media during the election period. This is the third report to be followed by the final one after the elections on July 3 2005. The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) provided two media experts from the Young Journalists Association of Montenegro to assist in the monitors’ training and in report preparation.

7

TELEVISION

ALSAT Alsat television continues to support the DP slightly more than the SP. Alsat dedicated 31% of the total time to DP, mainly in a positive context. The context for the SP and the Government is almost balanced, but SP was shown in a slightly more negative context. During this period SMI was better positioned in this media outlet, and the time for this party increased from 10% to 14%. As for politician soundbites, Fatos Nano had more time compared to Sali Berisha, but the difference is slight in time and clear in context. Berisha is under more positive context than Nano.

A

Total Time Context

PD31%

PS28%

LSI14%

PA4%

Qeveria 7%

PR4%

PBDNJ3%

D3%

a6%

PA Te tjer

ALSAT

6

43

54

11

27

10

2

1914

18

3

62

17

2

21

48

23

15

3 36

48

3 3 3

77

12

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPBK PD

PDRPDS

PR PS

Qev

eria

- + 0

A

Politician Soundbites Politician Context

ALSAT

4

21

5

21

8

16

27

13 14

10

2

37

15

2 3

18

31

3 3

15

6

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NERIT

AN C

EKA

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

7597144196207

317356

10741136

FATOS NO

SALI BERISHA

ILIR M

ETA

FATMIR M

EDIU

GENC POLLO

VANGJEL D

ULE

NERITAN CEKA

DASHAMIR SHEHI

PASKAL MILO

AN

- + 0

8

KLAN

While in the previous monitoring period, Klan TV favored the SP slightly over the DP, during this third monitoring period the opposite tendency was noted – slightly more support for the DP. SMI received even less time than before (10 %) though in a mainly positive context. Among politicians, Fatos Nano and Sali Berisha received the most coverage, though both appeared in the same negative context.

A

Total Time Context

PD32%

PS28%

PR3%

PAD3%

LZHK3%

Qeveria 5%

LSI10%

PDR3% 3% 3% te tjera

7%

PSD PDS

KLAN

8 4 2 2

66

1

116

16

54

27 25 29 25

81

167

2632 29 29

117

241915

92 2

72 2

56

2 2 1 1

45

211

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPBK

PBL PDPD

KPD

RPD

SPR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

A


KLAN

155232502519532573588

1017

3048

3622

FATOSNO

SALI BERISHA

ILIR M

ETA

PASKAL MILO

GENC POLLO

FATMIR M

EDIU

NERITAN CEKA

VANGJEL D

ULE

DASHAMIR SHEHI

AGRON DUKA

41

49

6

49

812

28

39

2426

23 23

39

19

2 1

13

26

2 1

117

AGRON D

UKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NERIT

AN C

EKA

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

NA

9

NEWS 24 News 24 had an almost balanced report during this monitoring period for the two main political subjects, the SP and the DP. Reporting on the Government was significantly reduced from 18% to 6%, as well as the time for SP from 30% to 24%. The reporting on the Government and the SP was in a mainly positive context. Coverage time for the DP has also decreased by 3%, remaining mainly under positive light. Smaller parties received more time than in previous monitoring periods. Among the politicians, Fatos Nano has a lower percentage of soundbites than the percentage for Berisha.

A

Total Time Context

A

NEWS 24


NEWS 24

PD24%

PS24%

LSI8%

PDR7%

PR4%

LZHK5%

PA6%

Qeveria 6%

PBDNJ5%

PAD4%

Te tjera7%

15

17

1 1

67

16

85

19

43

2 1

47

26

36

5

139

17

44

1

138

25

45

2620

2 4 51

50

412

3

16

68

312

16

34

LSI

LZHK

OM

ON

IA

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPBK PD

PDKPDR

PDSPR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

1 1

41

1

9

1

42

14 14

50

33

24

19

1

58

27

11 12

25

11

64

2

11

2

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MEDIU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NERIT

AN C

EKA

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

92251

410

640

818832

13571378

2022

SALI BER

SHA

FATOS NANO

GENC POLLO

ILIR M

ETA

VANGJEL D

ULE

NERITAN CEKA

FATMIR M

EDIU

DASHAMIR SHEHI

PASKAL MILO

I

10

TOP CHANNEL

Top Channel’s reporting during this monitoring period was slightly more balanced than in the previous one. There was a reduction in the time dedicated to the Government (from 12% to 8%) and the SP, as well as a slight increase for DP time (5%) and smaller parties. The difference between negative and positive context for DP reporting increased. A change noted is the context for SP: previously it was more negative than positive, now it has changed to more positive than negative. Top Channel continues to give more information on smaller parties, mainly in a positive light. During this period, the main portion of soundbites have been from Fatos Nano and Sali Berisha. The context for these two politicians is mainly balanced, which is different from the pervious period when Fatos Nano was mainly in negative light.

. A

Total Time Context

A

TOP CH


TOP CH

PD26%

PS23%

Qeveria 8%

PBDNJ5%

PDR5%

LZHK5%

PR5%

PSD5%

K3%

LSI8%

tjera7%

PD Te

8 104

74

1

109

33

56 55

1

28 3340

124

176

3141

32 37

135

3643

4 81

29

2

30

1

16

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDNJ

PBKPBL PD

PDK

PDR

PDS

PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

444458509581637748

934

26262628

FATOS

SALI BERISHA

ILIR M

ETA

FATMIR M

EDIU

VANGJEL D

ULE

GENC POLLO

DASHAMIR SHEHI

NIKOLLË LESI

PASKAL MILO

2

7

1

43

3

45

20

30

47

29 28

21

27

48

28

52

10

1

11

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MEDIU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NIK

OLLË L

ESI

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

NANO

11

TVSH

TVSH’s coverage has changed significantly compared to the previous monitoring periods, as the station increased the time and positive context for DP (with 10%) and at the same time reduced the time for SP (11%) and Government (6%). If we compare the context for DP and SP we will seen a clear advantage for DP. For the first time in this station’s coverage, the opposition leader, Sali Berisha, received more time in soundbites than Fatos Nano. If we bear in mind that in the two previous reports, SP and Government were clearly at an advantage, now we can say that in this period there has been a change towards more balance. Reporting on the smaller parties and their leaders was almost entirely positive without any critical approach, which cannot be considered balanced.

A

Total Time Context

A

TVSH


TVSH

PD34%

PS21%

LSI4%

PAD4%

PDS4%

PBDNJ3%

PDR3%

PSD3%

Qeveria 9%

PR3%

LZHK3%

PA3%

Te tjera6%

142 9

77

3

71

21

42

62

6

40 4253

196

264

32 40 43 37

185

38

73

2 9 2 2

51

4 2 1

56

15

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDNJ

PBKPBL

PDPDK

PDRPDS

PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

3 2 3

31

7

56

6

17

29

62

30 28

22

30

73

29

3 2

14

14

17

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NIK

OLLË L

ESI

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

90354657

752771775941

1273

3937

5567

SALI BER

HA

FATOS NANO

PASKAL MILO

GENC POLLO

FATMIR M

EDIU

ILIR M

ETA

VANGJEL D

ULE

NIKOLLË LESI

DASHAMIR SHEHI

AGRON DUKA

IS

12

EGNATIA Egnatia television broadcasted a more balanced reporting than in the previous monitoring period, giving SP 38% of total time and with a mainly positive context. DP took 7% more time than in the previous period, mainly in a positive context. Since Egnatia is a local television it is understandable that its information was focused on the local candidates, which explains why they have received the biggest portion of soundbites. Thus Aurel Bylykbashi had a good portion of time for soundbites, followed by Sali Berisha; Fatos Nano is in the sixth place in the table of soundbites.

A

Total Time Context

A

PS38%

Qeveria 9%

PD34%

PBDNJ3%

LSI7%

3% 1%Te tjera

5%

PR LZHK EGNATIA

2

60

2317

4 3 5 2

23

2

82

3 6 6

101

64 1 1 16

53

8

45

20

39

16

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDNJ

PBK PDPD

KPD

R PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0


EGANATIA

63189

293354385408

646747

1629

2125

AUR

32

4

15

25

18

1

19

79

17

9

19

12

8

16

3

89

12

43

10

AUREL BYLYKBASH

I

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

DURIM

HUSH

I

FATOS N

ANO

ILIR

META

NURI H

ASA

QAZIM

SEJD

INI

SALI B

ERISH

A

TAULANT D

EDJA

VANGJE

L DULE

EL BYLYKBASHI

SALI BERISHA

ILIR M

ETA

NURI HASA

TAULANT DEDJA

FATOS NANO

DURIM H

USHI

VANGJEL D

ULE

DASHAMIR SHEHI

QAZIM SEJD

INI

- + 0

13

KOHA TV

Koha TV significantly reduced the amount of time dedicated to Government reporting from15% to 5%, as well as the time for the SP from 41% to 37%, covering for both subjects in a mainly positive context. As a result of this change, the reporting for these two is more balanced. At the same time, this television increased the time dedicated to the DP to 8%, reporting mainly under positive light. While in the first report, Fatos Nano had an advantage in soundbites, in this period it is Sali Berisha that has an advantage in soundbites. However, looking at the coverage of politicians in context, Fatos Nano has more positive than negative context when compared to Berisha. One characteristic of Koha TV is the lack of time dedicated to SMI and an almost daily report on Agron Duka (SP).

A

Total Time Context

A

KOHA


KOHA

62 2

5146

85

17 20 20

3

132

1317 19

115

12

23

48

1

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPBL PD

PDKPDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

PS37%

PD37%

PR3%

Qeveria 5%

PDR3%

PAD3%

DNJ3%

3% Te tjera6%

PBPA

- + 0

51

332353368437

1645

2321

2723

SALI B

3 2

22

3

36

30

18

48

19

2

20

44

18

2

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NERIT

AN C

EKA

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

ERISHA

FATOS NANO

AGRON DUKA

GENC POLLO

FATMIR M

EDIU

VANGJEL D

ULE

NERITAN CEKA

ILIR M

ETA

14

TEUTA

The most visible characteristic for Teuta TV is the fact that 87% of the total time is dedicated to the DP and SP. However, Teuta continues to support DP, with 50% of the total time almost all in a positive context. Reporting for the SP is somewhat more positive than negative. As in the previous report, Sali Berisha continues to have the biggest proportion of soundbites. A good proportion of soundbites was dedicated to the candidates running in Durres, Ferdinand Xhaferri and Gazmir Bizhga. These two politicians were mainly reported in a positive light.

A

Total Time Context

A

TEUTA

PD50%

PS37%

PR2%

LSI3%

Qeveria 5%

Te tjera3%

2 311

62

188

2

119

7

91

3

24

4

19

27 4

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PBK PDPD

R PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0


TEUTA

183192201

488540

10841111

1387

SALI BERISHA

FERDINAND XHAFERRI

GAZMIR B

IZHGA

FATOS NANO

AGRON DUKA

GJERGJ K

OJA

FATMIR M

EDIU

ILIR M

ETA

42

16

7

1111

6

10

21 23

9

3

20

23

21

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MEDIU

FATOS N

ANO

FERDINAN

D XH

AFERRI

GAZMIR

BIZ

HGA

GJERGJ K

OJA

ILIR

META

SALI B

ERISH

A

- + 0

15

TVA

TVA kept a good balance between SP and DP, improving the percentage dedicated in total time to these two political subjects. Reporting on Government events was reduced by almost half compared to the previous reporting period. The context for these subjects is almost the same as previously, mostly under positive light. The time in soundbites has not changed; Sali Berisha and Fatos Nano have the biggest proportion of soundbites. This report notes the negative context of Sali Berisha against the positive one for Fatos Nano.

A

Total Time Context

A

TVA PD

27%

PS27%

LSI6%

PR6%

PSD4%

LZHK6%

PDR5%

PDS4%

PAD5%

eria 4% 6%

Qev Te tjera

3 7 6

74

2 2

59

20

33

50

3

31

17

6 4

140

29 31 35

112

26

149 13

3 7 3

50

72

39

2

14

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PAD

PBDN

JPBK

PBL PDPDR

PDSPR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0


TVA

7

2

27

12

19

31

51

26 2725

15

3 2

86

3 3

55 54

AGRON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

54

57762384694110531058

3692

4288

SALI BERIS

ATOS NANO

GENC POLLO

PASKAL MILO

ILIR M

ETA

FATMIR M

EDIU

DASHAMIR SHEHI

VANGJEL D

ULE

AGRON DUKA

HA

F

16

VIZION +

During this period, Vizion + reporting was not balanced in terms of context for the two main parties and their leaders, speaking more positively for SP and Nano than for DP and Berisha. During this period the biggest change has been in the slight reduction of time for SP (5%). Vizion + increased the negative information for DP and Berisha this time compared to the last monitoring period. Sali Berisha dominates in soundbites time (five times more) than Fatos Nano. Berisha was presented under more negative light than Fatos Nano. This makes this television positioned more towards left than previously. Smaller parties were presented mainly under positive light.

A

Total Time Context

A

.

VIZION+


VIZION+

PD25%

PS24%LSI

7%

PR6%

PDR5%

Qeveria 9%

PDS4%

PBDNJ4%

LZHK4%

3%6%

PDKTe tjera

84 1

77

3

66

2922

27

2

28 28

38

69

22

3239 37

104

18

26

13 103 1

41

5 61

11

65

3

12

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDNJ

PDPD

KPD

RPD

SPR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

311361424518521539620

1232

6070

SALI BERI

1 3

39

5

52

11

13

31

41

31

13

22

35

2832

8 8 6 63 5

13

1

RON

DUKA

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

NIK

OLLË L

ESI

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

SHA

FATOS NANO

GENC POLLO

FATMIR M

EDIU

PASKAL MILO

VANGJEL D

ULE

NIKOLLË LESI

ILIR M

ETA

DASHAMIR SHEHI

AG

- + 0

17

ELECTORAL SPOTS

This section contains information on electoral spots broadcasted from each of the televisions for different political parties from 15.00 to 24.00 in two periods from June 10 to June 24, and from May 28 to June 24. This does not show the television stand towards any political party, because the parties broadcast their spots on the television station of their choice. The reason for two graphs is that during the previous two weeks of electoral campaign DP broadcasted no spot.

A 10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

A

ALSAT

Reklama PD, 6209, 67%

Reklama PS, 2460, 26%

ama LSI, 554,

ama PR, 67, 1%

Rekl6% Rekl


Reklama LSI, 554,

ama PR, 67, 1%


6%Rekl

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

KLAN Reklama PR,

2165, 7%

Reklama PA, 113,0% 95, 0% Reklama PBL,

90,0%

Reklama PDR, 60,0%


Reklama PBK, 2301, 7%

Reklama LSI, 7484, 25%


Reklama PBDNJ,


REKLAMA BLERTE, 33, 0%

Reklama PDR, 60,0%

REKLAMA LZHK, 120, 1%

Reklama PA, 190,1%

Reklama PBL, 205, 1%

Reklama PBDNJ, 284, 2%


Reklama PAD, 330, 2%

Reklama PR, 444,3%



18

A

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005


Reklama PD, 720,19%

Reklama PA, 231,6%


Reklama PDR, 174, 5% Reklama PR,

60,2%


NEWS 24

Reklama LSI, 766,11%

Reklama PD, 416,6%


Reklama PA, 222,3%

Reklama PR, 146,2%

Reklama PDR, 84,1%


A

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

A

TOP CH


MA LZHK, 85, 1%



Reklama PR, REKLA


Reklama LSI, 728,18%

Reklama PR, 176,4%



Reklama PBK, 85,2%

Reklama PSD, 60,1%

Reklama PDR, 30,1%


273,3%

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

EGNATIA



D, 892, 22%

Reklama PA




19

A

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

A

A

KOHA


Reklama PA, 175,4%



Reklama PA, 91,4%

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

TEUTA


REKLAMA PDS, 64, 1%


Reklama PD, 360,70%

Reklama PS, 86,17%


10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

TVA




Reklama PBK, 85, 2%Reklama PD, 555,

15%

20

A

10-06-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005 28-05-2005 ÷ 24-06-2005

VIZION+





Reklama LSI, 161,6%


Reklama PBK, 85,3%

Reklama PAD, 20,1%

Reklama PD, 713,25% Reklama PS,

1671, 59%

21

RADIO

RADIO TIRANA Radio Tirana’s coverage was more balanced during this monitoring period than in the previous ones. However the SP and the Government continue to have advantage regarding the information presented for them under positive context. This time DP has an increase in time presented in a mainly positive context (almost 15%). Radio Tirana dedicated less space to SP and Government this period with 18% less (from 60% to 42%). SP and DP time was more balanced, while the percentage of time that this radio dedicated to SMI and NDM increased by 3% and 2% respectively, making their total percentages 6% and 3%. Radio Tirana allocated more time to smaller parties, increasing their number in news editions. Different from previously, Sali Berisha and Fatos Nano had the almost the same time in the direct use of microphone of Radio Tirana, while Fatos Nano was more under positive light and the context for Sali Berisha was almost balanced.

Total Time Context

PS23%

LZHK3%

Qeveria 19%

PD26%

PSD3%

PR2%

PBDNJ3%

PDR5%

LSI6%

PA2%

PDS2%

PAD2% Te tjera

4% RADIO TIRANA

3 2

25 2727 28

1310 10

13

2 4

83

7

26

10 12

64

15

73

914

15 3 5

2 1 2

10

3 4

18

46

8

29

50

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDNJ

PBKPBL

PDPD

KPD

RPD

S PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0


RADIO TIRANA

1

12

3

29

3

119

14 15

6 7 74

30

10 98

1

7

38

ARJAN ST

AROVA

DASHAM

IR SH

EHI

FATM

IR M

EDIU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC POLLO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

LUFTER X

HUVE

LI

NERITAN C

EKA

NIKOLL

Ë LESI

SALI

BER

ISHA

SKËNDER G

JINUSH

I

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

4279

99126

216230234262294

399

517

12401319

FATOS N

ANO

SALI BERIS

HA

GENC POLL

O

ILIR

META

SKËNDER G

JINUSHI

VANGJE

L DULE

FATMIR

MED

IU

NERITA

N CEK

A

LUFTE

R XHU

VELI

DASHAM

IR SH

EHI

ARJAN S

TAROVA

NIKOLL

Ë LESI

LEKA ZO

GU

22

TOPALBANIA RADIO

During this period, TopAlbania radio dedicated more time to reporting on the Government in a mainly positive context than before. The SP had 10% less time than DP but with more negative context in the information provided for it, while DP has three times more positive contexts than negative ones. In a change from previous reporting periods, we note a decrease of 16% for SP time. This came as a result of the increase in the time dedicated to the Government, which increased by 20%. In total the time for SP and Government changed from the previous phases. Time for DP is almost the same as in the previous periods. Among politicians, Nano continues to earn more time than Berisha, almost15% more, but the context for Nano is balanced, while the context for Berisha is clearly positive. . A

Total Time Context

RADIO TOPALBANIA

Politician Total Time Politician Context

RADIO TOPALBANIA

Qeveria 40%

PD26%

PS16%

Te tjere3%

PR2%

LZHK2%

PDR3%

OPOZITA2%

LSI6%

1 1 1

17 17

1

4 3

22

42 3 2

4 4

1 1

41

4

1

24

21

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD PDPD

RPD

S PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

42

76

1011

- + 0

78172121365467

118

445

524

S NANO

ERISHA

POLLO

MEDIU

DASHAMIR SHEHI

LUFTER XHUVELI

PASKAL MILO

NERITAN CEKA

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

LEKA ZOGU

EQEREM SPAHIU

1 13

13

10

42

1

14

11 1 13

1 1 1

9

1112

DASHAM

IR SH

EHI

EQEREM SP

AHIU

FATMIR

MEDIU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

LEKA ZO

GU

LUFTER XH

UVELI

NERIT

AN C

EKA

PASKAL M

ILO

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER GJIN

USHI

FATOSALI B

GENC

FATMIR

- + 0

23

RADIO RASH Radio Rash dedicated less time to the Government and a good proportion of time to smaller parties. Amount of coverage for the Government continued to decline, reaching 9% (the time dedicated to Government coverage was 28% and 16% during the previous two monitoring periods). This can be considered as positive for this electoral campaign. SP and DP continue to have the biggest proportion of time under positive light, but SP has advantage compared to DP speaking about positive context. Time dedicated to SP increased from 26% to 30%, while time for DP decreased from 30% to 25% of the total time. This radio continues not to broadcast politician soundbites. This radio broadcasted no electoral spots during this period, except for the spot for the independent candidate Elisabeta Dosti. This candidate’s 38-second spot was broadcasted 34 times for a total of 1,292 seconds (per spot).

A

Total Time Context

RADIO RASH

PS30%

LSI10%

PD25%

Qeveria 9%

PA2%

PBDNJ6%

LZHK7%

Te tjere4%

PSD3%PR

4%

1

85

1412

3 41

7

1

36

24

51

4

139

1 1 1 1 13 3

109

32

27

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPBK PD

PDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

Politicians Total Time Politicians Context

RADIO RASH

1

33 3

10

1

6

32

1

10

2

4

6

3

7

1

3

1 1

10

DASHAM

IR SH

EHI

FATMIR

MEDIU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

LUFTER XH

UVELI

NERIT

AN C

EKA

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER GJIN

USHI

VANGJE

L DULE

1012212739

717683

115

202239

SALI BERISHA

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

FATMIR M

EDIU

DASHAMIR SHEHI

VANGJEL D

ULE

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

LUFTER XHUVELI

GENC POLLO

LEKA ZOGU

NERITAN CEKA

- + 0

24

RADIO +2

Radio +2’s time dedicated to the Government decreased by 22% compared to 34% being in the previous monitoring period. Coverage time for the DP was 22%, increasing with 5% compared to the second monitoring period. During this period the Green Party received 30% of the total time, increasing with 11% from the previous period. The political forces are mainly in a positive context, while the Government has more negative sequences than positive and more than in the second period. The Green Party continues not to have any negative sequence in this radio. In total time, Sali Berisha differently from previously has a slight advantage compared to Fatos Nano (during the second period Fatos Nano had three times more time than Sali Berisha). Regarding the context of these politicians, they are almost under the same positive context, same levels. This radio continues not to broadcast politician soundbites. The only case has been that of the Green Party chairwoman, Brixhida Kokedhima.

A

Total Time Context

GAZETAVE

GAZETAT

BLERTE28%

PD22%

PS17%

Qeveria 12%

R

PR4%

OZITA HK

LSI10%

tjera2%

PD2%

OP2%

LZ1% Te RADIO +2

6

13

11

22

32

17

14

2

38

4

8

27

2

22

7 7

2 2 3

34

6

1416

40

BLERTELSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PBDN

JPD

PDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

Politicians Total Time Politicians Context

RADIO +2

1

109

5

15

3

1 112

10

1

1316

13172052

106

411

523

ALI BERISHA

FATOS NANO

FATMIR M

EDIU

GENC POLLO

VANGJEL D

ULE

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

DASHAM

I

DASHAM

IR SH

EHI

FATMIR

MED

IU

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER G

JIN

USH

I

VANGJE

L DU

LE

IR SHEH

- + 0S

25

NEWSPAPER

BALLKAN Ballkan increased the space for the two main parties up to 91% of the total space for political parties. This paper appears balanced in the space given to main parties and main politicians and in terms of context as well. This paper dedicated no space to Government activities different from the two previous periods, when SP and Nano had the main place mainly under positive context. SMI and SDP are placed equally in this paper, while the context for them is the same level negative and positive. SDP chair, Skënder Gjinushi is not positioned same as last monitoring period, but still is the fourth politician in the pages of this paper. SMI and Ilir Meta have less space in Ballkan than in other papers. A

Total Space Context

A Ballkan

BALLKAN

Politicians Space Politician Context

BALLKAN

PS46%

PD45%

LZHK2%

PSD3%

LSI3%

Te tjera1%

6

29 29

2

63

1 1

51

2 1

64

8

1

85

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PBKD PDPDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

150217235368

2443

2783

SAI B

ERISHA

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

SHAMIR SHEHI

ER GJIN

USHI

GENC POLLO

7

2

10

2 23

11

32

1

4

13

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER G

JINUSH

I

L

DASKËND

- + 0

26

KORRIERI Korrieri provides more coverage of the SP and Nano, dedicating 48% space to SP mainly under positive context. Coverage of SMI has decreased. DP has 33% of the space mainly under balanced context. Nano appeared largely under positive context, in contrast with Berisha that has more negative context than that for Nano. Space dedicated to Ilir Meta decreased as well, while the fourth position among parties shifted from NDM to RP.

A

Total Space Context

KORIERI KORRIERI

PS48%

PD33%

LSI10%

LZHK2%

Qeveria 1%

PR4% Te tjera

2%

51 1

21

2

23

1

12

31

3

26

3

48

12 24

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PBDN

JPD PR PS

Qev

eria

- + 0

A

Politicians Space Politicians Context

KORRIERI 27302786

1

5

2

12

1

20

6

1

17

1

3

12

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATOS N

ANO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

415297

728

SALI BE

ISHA

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

LEKA ZOGU

VANGJEL D

ULE

DASHAMIR SHEHI

R

27

SHEKULLI

Shekulli has tended to balance its coverage of the two main parties. SP and DP have almost the same percentage of space, although DP is first treated mainly under positive context, while SP mainly under balanced context. SMI is in the third place and Green Party in the fourth. There is acceptable space for Government reporting mainly under balanced context. This paper is mostly balanced towards main politicians, Nano and Berisha. A

Total Space Context

A

PD36%

PS33%

LSI11%

BLERTE9%

eria 7%

2%2%

QevPR

Te tjera SHEKULLI

4

13

23

1

32

5

8

13

1 1

32

12

31

1

4

9

1 1 1

16

2

16

6

BLERTELSI

LZHK

PAD

PBDN

JPBL PD

PDK

PDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

Politicians Space Politicians Context 4505

SHEKULLI

1

12

2

12

1

16

7

19

11

9

2

7

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATOS N

ANO

ILIR

META

SALI B

ERISH

A

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

6470

797

3807

SALI ISHA

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

VANGJEL D

ULE

DASHAMIR SHEHI

BER

28

KOHA JONË

Koha Jone continues to support the opposition and DP, giving them more space and mainly positive context. SP has 30% of the total space in a negative context. This paper focused its articles in mostly criticizing Fatos Nano in 50% of the space. Berisha has 32% of the space slightly under positive context. SMI is in the third place and amongst politicians Meta has the same position under positive context. Government received half of the space that had in the previous monitoring period and mainly under negative context.

A


Total Space Context

KOHA JONE

KOHA JONE

PD35%

PS30%

LSI17%

Qeveria 5%

PSDPAD3%

PDK2%

Te tjera4%

62

28

1 1

80

14

30

3 2 4 2

69

25

1

23

51

69

13

1 3

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PAD

PBDN

JPD

PDKPDR PR PS

PSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

3%

2893 21

7

12

1

4

1

10

11

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER G

JINUSH

I

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

475272120

734

1884

ATOS NANO

SALI BERISHA

ILIR M

ETA

GENC POLLO

LEKA ZOGU

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

VANGJEL D

ULE

F

29

PANORAMA Panorama is mainly balanced towards the two main politicians, Nano and Berisha, in the given space; there is slightly more positive context for SP. DP is slightly positioned under negative context. SMI remains the third party in space and context just as in the previous monitoring periods (mainly positive), as well as Ilir Meta among the politicians, but still with less space compared to the previous monitoring periods. A

Total Space Context

A

PANORAMA


PANORAMA

PS32%

PD28%

LSI20%

LZHK9%

3%

3% 2% 3%PR PDR Te tjera

15

1

37

1

41

3

28

15

1 25

28

1 1

47

3

10 11

2 13

24

3

9

1

9

23

3

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA PA

PAD

PBDN

JPD

PDK

PDR

PDS

PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

PBDNJ

18

6

22

4

14

12

1

10

3 32

6

9

1

9

3 3

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER G

JINUSH

I

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

3695

77241314405466

1652

3124

SALI BERI

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

DASHAMIR SHEHI

GENC POLLO

VANGJEL D

ULE

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

LEKA ZOGUSHA

30

GAZETA SHQIPTARE

Gazeta Shqiptare still offers more positive coverage of SP than any other party. The space provided for this party is 44% and 34% for DP. Amongst politicians though, Berisha has more space than Nano but mainly under negative context and Nano under positive context. Differently from the previous periods when RP did not have any space at all, this time this party gained 9% of the total space positioning itself as the third party in this paper and shifting SMI in the fourth place. The same situation is amongst politicians, RP chair, Fatmir Mediu is in the third place and Ilir Meta, SMI chair is in the fourth place. There is no other substantial change from the previous monitoring periods.

A

Total Time Context

A

SHQIPTARE


SHQIPTARE

21285099168446

2834

3462

SALI BE

HA

FATOS NANO

ILIR M

ETA

DASHAMIR SHEHI

GENC POLLO

VANGJEL D

ULE

LEKA ZOGU

SKËNDER GJIN

USHI

RIS

1

9

1

13

11

12

7

2

4

21 1

15

12

DASH

AMIR

SHEH

I

FATOS N

ANO

GENC P

OLLO

ILIR

META

LEKA ZO

GU

SALI B

ERISH

A

SKËN

DER GJIN

USHI

VANGJE

L DULE

- + 0

PS44%

PD34%

PR9%

Te tjera LZHK PDR

7

1 1

24

12

23

2

6

1 1

11

12

30

1

8

31 1

2

29

13

13

21

1 1

LSI

LZHK

OPO

ZITA

PAD

PBDN

JPD

PDK

PDR

PDS

PR PSPSD

Qev

eria

- + 0

2%LSI8%

2% 1%

31

MEDIA COVERAGE OF WOMEN POLITICIANS IN THE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN

This section shows the relationship between the list of five men and women that got most significant time in television, radio, and newspapers as separate categories. We chose this method because if we would present all men and women in graphs and then compare them, result would be influenced by number of men in politics and in candidates list and it would not show the impact of media reporting about women opinions. Even now this is not only resulting of media behavior but mixed, about women positions and importance in political parties also. An imbalance is still visible in all media. There is an improvement in the coverage of women politicians in the electoral campaign in newspapers and radio, while in television the percentage is the same as in previous report. The total time for women politicians in newspapers increased from 5% to 6%, and in radio from 5% to 7%. Television stations are still keeping covering women at the rate of 2%. As in the previous report, not even one woman is among list of first 10 politicians that got time to directly speak.

TV

Burrat Koha SALI BERISHA 58351 FATOS NANO 45100 ILIR META 12528 GENC POLLO 10020 FATMIR MEDIU 9284

BURRAT 135283

Grate Koha VALENTINA LESKAJ 1600 NATASHA PACO 401 ERMELINDA MEKSI 381 MONIKA KRYEMADHI 356 MIMI KODHELI 311

GRATE 3049

98%

2%

BURRATGRATE

RADIO

Burrat Koha SALI BERISHA 4284 FATOS NANO 4220 ALFRED MOISIU 1704 ILIR META 1141 ILIRJAN CELIBASHI 974

BURRAT 12323

Grate Koha BRIXHIDA KOKEDHIMA 712 ERMELINDA MEKSI 110 JOZEFINA TOPALLI 81 MONIKA KRYEMADHI 43 ARTA DADE 30

GRATE 976

93%

7%

BURRATGRATE

NEWSPAPER

Burrat Koha SALI BERISHA 19115 FATOS NANO 17831 ILIR META 4725 FATMIR MEDIU 2803 MUSA ULQINI 1757

BURRAT 46231

Grate Koha RAIMONDA STEFA 1012 ERMELINDA MEKSI 588 MAKBULE CECO 454 JOZEFINA TOPALLI 408 MAJLINDA BREGU 367

GRATE 2829

94%

6%

BURRATGRATE

32

media monitoring parliamentary elections in albania 2005 ... · ballkan, korrieri, gazeta...

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