media diplomacy

8/7/2019 media diplomacy

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OPEN DIPLOMACY

Post WWI

By president USA Woodrow Wilson

Wilson Fourteen points

He called for open diplomacy, frank and in publicview, opens covenants of peace, No privacy

Called it a way to achieve democracy anddevelopment in world

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MEDIA- BROKER DIPLOMACY

Use of media in IR & especially inconflict resolution

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PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

It involves trying to create an overall image thatenhances a countrys ability to achieve itsdiplomatic objective.

It is an important technique in a communication-linked world.

E.g. Hillary Clinton visit of world for cause ofwomen and children and creating good image ofUSA abroad.

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MEDIA ROLE IN DIPLOMACY

O pen diplomacy.

Critical in conflict

To break ice in negotiation

Increase in media dependence of everyone in world

To shape public opinion

To communicate with population/audience in other country

Negative side is also there

O ver exaggeration

O ver expectation in output of negotiation. 5


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MEDIA DIPLOMACY (MD)

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY

It typically uses media, communications along withinterpersonal communication etc. and is oriented to long termcultivation of favorability towards state by foreign publics(Gilboa 2000)

Promoting the national interest and national security of thecountry through understanding, informing and influencingforeign publics and broadening dialogues between citizens,institutions and their counterpart

The area of public diplomacy used to target audiences abroad iscalled MEDIA DIPL O MACY

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Uses of mass media to

communicate with state and nonstate actors, to build confidence

and advance negotiations, as wellas to mobilize public support for

agreement

(Gilboa 2000)

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The Question is

Whether public o pinion is potent enough to have any

im pact on elites as elites are decision makers?

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PERSPECTIVES ON MEDIA DIPLOMACY

Foreign Public Must Understand the StatePolicies

MD must be rooted in culture

Message should be consistent, truthful andcredible

Address opinion leader as well as general public

MD is just like dialogues

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MEDIA DILPL O MACY MEANS USE O F S O FTPO WER

Foreign policy aimed to achieve political,economic and cultural goals and if they areachievable by peaceful means then there is no pointgoing for war.

So USE MASS MEDIA for diplomacyMedia can approach to large no. of people in a

short span of time.

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F IVE CHARATERISTRICS O F TV NEWS COVERAGE

1. 24 hours transmission2. Real time telecast3. Transmission from every place4. Headline oriented presentation5. Live events

Integration between the two

Power hungry (State)

AND

News hungry (Media)

What can be the result?

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CNN E FF ECT

Global TV now determine policy

Global TV shows images and these images createimpact on policy making

24 hours news coverage of war, disasters,international conflicts using photos and images. Itcreates pressure on government and compels it todo immediate decision that can be spontaneousand thoughtful

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Teledemocracy: Use of media to promoteand propagate democratic values.

Images of what is happening in the world isgiven more importance than what reallyhappens.

Validity of CNN effect is in question asdecision making is a complicated process.

Live coverage does not change the policy,but it does create the environment in whichpolicy is made

Competing source of information14


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Professor Livingstone describes threeeffects of CNN effect1. Media as a policy agenda setting agent2. Media as a an impediment to achieve

desired policy on diplomatic front by the

state3. Media as an accelerant to policy decisionmaking

SO coverage of events leads to immediatepublic awareness and scrutiny of decisionsmakers

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Media and foreign policy relations.

does editorial policy of print andelectronic media matched with foreign

policy and up to what extent?Media has effects on various phasesand dimensions of foreign policy

making????????media as a power broker in politics

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Agenda Setting

Media does not tell what to think, butwhat to thing about

Media has ability to set agenda forthoughts on various issues and even canalso set the boundaries and impose

limitations of thinking about variousissues.

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Tone of reporting also matters

Media can create height inexpectations

Media has accelerated peace ofdiplomatic communication

Media tends to create pressureon policy makers

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MEDIA AND DIPLOMACYMedia has made following changes possible

Fast communicationDistinction between private and public diplomacy is

blurredMedia act as a channel of communication and tends to

break the ice in the case of no-contact or incommunicable

situationMedia as a pseudo diplomatmedia also poses a challenge for media handling abilities

of diplomats and politicians i.e. how competent they are toface media

Media role as a think tank in IR and diplomacymedia can exaggerate or play up any issue or matter

related to IR or in other case media can downplay anymatter

Media framing of any issue is also very important 19


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F raming means

How pieces of information are selected and organized in media.

The most important question related to media role in IR isTo whom media work?

1. For government

2. For public

3. For market

4. For vested interests

Media role becomes critical in conflict i.e. war, threat for war,diplomatic crisis etc.

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INDIA AND PAKISTAN MEDIA ROLE IN A F TERMATH O F 26/11INCIDENT.INDIAN MEDIA

hostileall previous efforts are sabotaged and media has role in itwho followed whom

Govt. followed mediaO

RMedia followed govt.was media role due to panic i.e. breaking news and events unfolded

and cascading of events leads to in one direction onlyO R

It is done due intentionallyO R

It is done as it was preplannedIndian media played an extreme negative role

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PAKISTAN MEDIA

PAK media was confusedBetween

To be proactive or not

Between

To show sympathy and up to what extent

BetweenTo be offensive in order to defend Indian media assault or toshow restrain

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