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Content Standard for Last-Mile Alert and Notification

Sharing Knowledge on Disaster Warning, with a focus on Community-based Last-Mile Warning Systems

Sarvodaya Head Quarters, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka28th-29th Mar 2007

Nuwan Waidyanatha12 Balcombe Place,Colombo 08, Sri Lanka

Tel: +94 (0)773 710 394Email: [email protected]


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The general objective is to evaluate the suitability of five ICTs deployed in variedconditions for their suitability in the last mile of a national disaster warning system forSri Lanka and possibly by extension to other developing countries.

HazInfo Research Matrix for Pilot Project


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Communication System under Scrutiny

HIH203.88.69.241

AsiaStar

Singapore58.185.127.202

Touluse82.225.29.106

Server

Colombo202.69.192.51

UDP/IP Recievers

Monitor GSM Tower

GSM Devices

Group

Group

Hong Kong203.88.69.241

Admin

Ottawa64.26.169.57 TCP/IP PCs

Group

ColomboPSTN

CDMA Tower

CDMA Phones

Group

CDMA Tower

Server

Server

Server

Singapore203.88.69.241

Server

AsiaSat II

WorldSpace

Dialog

Solana

Sri Lanka Telecom

Speedcast

Melbourne203.4.254.115

Colombo172.40.1.249

Server

AsiaSat-II

HIH202.69.197.113

Server

Tower


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Example of Input Message to the last-Mile Hazard Warning System

TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTLast-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect

TROPICAL CYCLONE ADVICE NUMBER 001Issued at 09:55 am on Monday, December 11, 2006BY Anonymous

A SEVERE CATEGORY 4 CYCLONE is now current for AMPARA and MATARA District coastal areas. At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimated to be80 kilometres northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometres per hour.Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Ampara and MataraDistricts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometres per hour are likely in coastal communities inAmpara and Matara District during the day.

This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a very dangerous

storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to rise significantly above thenormal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging waves and strong currents.

Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districtsover the next few days.

TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TEST TESTLast-Mile HazInfo Simulation. No Repeat No Real Event is Effect.


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Example of Output Message from Hazard-Information-Hub to the Last-Mile

HIH-2006-12-11T143500 < sender >[email protected]

2006-12-11T10:20:25.0000000+06:00 < status >Exercise Alert < source >[email protected] < scope >Restricted

en-US Meto < event >Cyclone Prepare Expected < severity >Severe Observed At 06:00 am local time SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE MONTY was estimatedto be 80 kilometers northeast of Ampara District and moving southwest at 10 kilometers per

hour. Severe Tropical Cyclone Monty is expected to cross the coast in the vicinity of Amparaand Matara Districts during Monday. Gales with gusts to 180 kilometers per hour are likely incoastal communities in Ampara and Matara District during the day.This is to alert the residents of Ampara and Matara District about the potential of a verydangerous storm tide as the cyclone centre approaches the coast. Tides are likely to risesignificantly above the normal high tide mark with very dangerous flooding, damaging wavesand strong currents. Widespread heavy rain and further flooding are likely in southern parts of the Ampara and Matara Districts over the next few days.


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MTTF of Communities with Addressable Satellite Radios

Mean Time to Failure of Communities with AREA - B

0.690.61

1.00

0.780.89

0.00

1.00

0.00 0.00

0.92

0.36

0.89

0.00

1.00

0.720.86

B r a h a m

m a n a w a

t t a

K a l m u n a

i I I

K a r a t h

i v u

K o t t e g o

d a

M a g g o

n a

M o d a r a p e

l e s s a

M o r a t u w e

l l a M u

n a i

P a l a m u

n a i

P a n a m a

N o r t h

S a m u d r a

g a m a

T a l a l l a S o

u t h

T h o n d a

m a n a r

V e l h e n g o

d a

V e n a m u

l l a

W a t t e g

a m a S o u t

h

Community Name

M T T F


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Mobile Phone MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with Mobile Phones

0.89

0.00 0.00

1.00

0.00

0.83

0.00

1.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

0.891.00 1.00

D i y a l a g o d a H Q H Q H Q

M a a n g a d u

M a d i y

a

M u n a

i

N i n t h a v u

r

P a l a m u n a

i

S a m o

d h a g a m a

S a m u

d r a g a m a

T a l a l l a S o

u t h

T h a m b i l u v

i l

V e l h e n g

o d a

Community Names

M

T T F


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CDMA 1x_RTT Fixed Phones

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with CDMA 1x_RTT

Fixed Phones

1.00

0.00

1.00

0.78

1.00

0.00

0.36 0.36

0.72

H Q

I n d i v

i n n a

K a r a

t h i v u

K o t t e g

o d a O l u v i l u

P e r i y a k a

l l a r

S a m u d r

a g a m a

T h i r u k k a d

a l a r

W a t t e g

a m a S o

u t h

Community Name

M T T F


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Remote Alarm Device MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities with GSM Remote

Alarm Devices

0.00 0.00

0.72

Kalmunai II Modarapelessa Thondamanar Venamulla

Community Name

M T T F


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Control Village MTTF

Mean Time To Failure of Communities that had No ICTsdeployed

0.92

0.87

1.00

0.89

Abeysainghepura Mirissa South Talpitya Modara

Community Name

M T T F


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Sigmoid Scaling Function for Language Diversity

Study the Effectiveness of ICT as a Warning Technology

Otherwise0

English Only0.20

Tamil Only0.50

Sinhala Only0.70

Sinhala & English0.85

Sinhala & Tamil0.95

Sinhala, Tamil, & English1.00

Fuzzy RuleValue

info ta

info si

info en

alert

resource

area

0.030.450.900.340.53Rating

0.850.950.850.850.95Mediums (audio, text)

0.200.800.700.700.85Full CAP (XML)

0.201.001.000.200.20Language Diversity(si, tm, en)

V S AT

F P

MP

RAD

A S R

ICT /Measure

Silent-Test = {Sinhala, Tamil, &English}

Live-exercises = {ENGLISH}


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Sigmoid Scaling Function for Full CAP Compliance

Otherwise0

Mandatory sub elements of the element only

0.50

only0.70

Mandatory sub elements of the qualifier element and thesub element

0.85

Mandatory defined in the Profile for Sri Lanka, which are the subelements of the qualifier qualifier and elements --, ,,

0.95

All sub elements that arecontained in the element,which includes all the qualifier andsub elements

1.00

RulesValue


0.030.450.900.340.76Rating

0.850.950.850.850.95Mediums (audio, text)

0.200.800.700.700.85Full CAP (XML)

0.201.001.000.200.20Language Diversity(si, tm, en)

V S AT

F P

MP

RAD

A S R

ICT /Measure

info ta

info si

info en

alert

resource

area


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Effectiveness of ICTs as a Warning Technology

TsunamiEvacuation

A SEVERECATEGORY 4 CYCLONE {no size

restriction}

CDMA20001x_RTT

Telephones{Audio}

{no sizeand language restriction}

CDMA 20001x_RTT

Not Applicable A SEVERECATEGORY 4 CYCLONE {no sizerestriction}

PersonalComputer{Text}

with en only {no size restriction}

IPASInternetBrowser

TsunamiEvacuationAlert restricted hih exercise met expected sever observed A SEVERE CATEGORY 4

CYCLONE {restricted 250characters}

AREA B{Text}All sub elements in element andmessage in en only.

ANNY InternetBrowser(AREA)

RAD{Text}

TsunamiEvacuation

Warning en A SEVERECATEGORY 4 CYCLONE si {sinhala} tm {tamil}{restricted by 130 characters}

MP{Text}

sub element with en {no sizerestriction} si {no sizerestriction}t m {no sizerestriction}

DEWN InternetBrowse

CommunityExecuted ERP

ICT Guardian receivedMessage elements

ReceiverDevice and{Medium}

HIH Monitor issued CAPMessageInterface


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Sigmoid Scaling Function for -- Mix of Audio and Text CommunicationMedium


Otherwise0

Text only0.85

Audio only0.95

Audio and Text1.00

Fuzzy RuleValue

0.030.760.900.280.84Rating

0.850.450.850.850.95Medium (audio, text)

0.200.800.700.700.85Full CAP (XML)

0.201.001.000.200.20Language Diversity

(si, tm, en)

V S AT

F P

MP

RAD

AREA

ICT /Measure

info ta

info si

info en

alert

resource

area


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Reliability and Effectiveness of the ICT

Reliability is measured as the difference between the time it takes ICTGuardian to receive message and the time the message was received bythe ICT Provider.

Study the Reliability of ICT as a Warning Technology

-0.340.530.340.63Rating

0.030.760.590.120.76Effectiveness (Complete CAPMessaging only)

-0.450.900.280.84Reliability

V S AT

F P

MP

RAD

AREAICT /

Measure


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Discussion of the Hypothesis

1. Stage 4 & 5 Sarvodaya villages that are more organized, i.e., have a formal

structure that enables coordination and direction of activities will respond moreeffectively to hazard warnings than less organized stage 1, 2 & 3 villages.

2. Villages that are provided training in recognizing and responding to hazardsalong with deployment of ICTs will respond more effectively to hazard warnings than

villages that received no training.

3. Villages that have ICTs deployed for dissemination of hazard information will respond more effectively to hazard warnings than villages that have to rely on their existing channels of information for warnings.

4. ICTs that in addition to their hazard function, can also be leveraged in other areasto enrich the lives of the villages will potentially have lower downtime than ICTs that are poorly integrated into the day to day life of the beneficiaries.

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