media complicity in mumbai terror

8/14/2019 Media Complicity in Mumbai Terror

1/21

Hj`mg koh~cmkmp} mf Hzhlgm pj||o|

Pbj um{zgc hj`mg gf` pj||o|m{h bguj g hzpzgcc} |jmfeo|kmfa |jcgpmof{bm~# qbmkb

fjj`{ po lj l|oijf po pbj `jp|mhjfp oe pbj cgppj|# {g}{ [ZFMC G@GH

ô{pj` Pzj{`g}# @jk >= 74>:# >2

Pbj pj||o| {p|gpjam{p{ qbo o|kbj{p|gpj` pbj `mglocmkgc gppgki{ mf Hzhlgm bguj

g~~g|jfpc} `jkm`j` pbgp acolgc gz`mjfkj{ bguj ljkohj mfz|j` po mhgaj{ oe {zmkm`j

hm{{mof{ p|maaj|mfa {~jkpgkzcg| jr~co{mof{ gf` hg{{ imccmfa{&

Pbjm| gcpj|j` pgkpmk (( po {pgaj g ~|op|gkpj` kg|fgaj gp bmab(ugczj ujfzj{ pbgp

azg|gfpjj a|jgpj| fzhlj| oe umkpmh{ gf` bjc~ k|jgpj g ~{}kbocoamkgc {pgpj oe

{mjaj `m{~|o~o|pmofgpj po pbj gkpzgc {kgcj oe pbj umocjfkj (( bg{ ~gm` oee

bgf`{ohjc}&

L} mfdjkpmfa g bzhgf jcjhjfp mfpo pbj umocjfkj gccoqmfa umkpmh{ po

bguj egkj(pmhj qmpb pbj ~j|~jp|gpo|{# gf`# umkg|moz{c}# qmpb hmccmof{ oepjcjum{mof umjqj|{# pbj {p|gpjam{p{ bguj hgfgaj` po gh~cme} pbj koc`lcoo`j`

fgpz|j oe pbjm| hm{{mof& Mf kofp|g{p# g{ L|mgf Djfimf{ oe pbj \gf` Ko|~o|gpmof

{gm` |jkjfpc} kmpmfa mfpjccmajfkj |j~o|p{# pbj Dmbg`m{p pj||o|m{p{ bguj kohj po

|jag|` pbj |jhopj p|maaj|mfa oe MJ@{ gf` {zmkm`j lohlmfa{ g{ poo mh~j|{ofgc gf`fop hgfc} jfozab&

Lzp qbgp jf{z|j` pbj {pz~jfòz{ {zkkj{{ oe pbj Hzhlgm pj||o|m{p{ qg{ pbj

{gpz|gpj` kouj|gaj l} mfpj|fgpmofgc pjcjum{mof fjpqo|i{# ezjcj` l} g qjgi fjq{

k}kcj ouj| pbj Pbgfi{amumfa qjjijf` mf Ghj|mkg& Mp qg{ ~|o~gagf`g l} `jj`

gp mp{ lj{p# kof{m`j|mfa pbgp pbj gkpzgc o|agfmtgpmof ljbmf` pbj gppgki{

`m`fp lopbj| po kcgmh k|j`mp o| hgij `jhgf`{ o| m{{zj g kohhzfmwz&

Pbj {zkkj{{ oe pbm{ {p|gpja} m{ cmijc} po hopmugpj pj||o|m{p{ po {pgaj {mhmcg|

gppgki{# ~o{{mlc} mf Jz|o~j# me fop mf pbj Zfmpj` [pgpj{& Mp qmcc fop lj

eg|ejpkbj` po mhgamfj {zmkm`j gppgkij|{ pg|ajpmfa# {g}# `meej|jfp ujfzj{ oe pbj

Kgffj{ Emch Ej{pmugc# imccmfa òtjf{ oe mfpj|fgpmofgc kjcjl|mpmj{ gf` {pg|{ (( g

ejgp pbgp qozc` g{{z|j pbjh zf~|jkj`jfpj` hj`mg gppjfpmof&

Kz|moz{c}# qbmcj hj`mg kouj|gaj bg{ gcqg}{ ljjf kjfp|gc po pj||o|m{p{

{p|gpja}# mp bg{ fjuj| ljjf egkpo|j` mfpo kozfpj|pj||o|m{h ~ocmkmj{ oe pg|ajpj`

aouj|fhjfp{& Zfcmij kofujfpmofgc umocjfkj# qbmkb mfuocuj{ g ~j|~jp|gpo| gf` g

umkpmh# pj||o|m{h m{ g p|mg`mk pgkpmk mfuocumfa g ~j|~jp|gpo|# g umkpmh gf` gfgz`mjfkj& Mf opbj| qo|`{# g pj||o|m{p fjj`{ pg|ajp{ g{ qjcc g{ oldjkp{ oe

umocjfkj& Pbj eo|hj| bg{ fo ugczj qmpbozp pbj cgppj|&

Eo| mf{pgfkj# qmpbozp zf`j|j{pmhgpmfa pbj p|gzhg kgz{j` l} pbj pj||o|m{p

gppgki{ of =/77# mp m{ ~cgz{mlcj po g{{zhj pbgp pbj mh~gkp qozc` bguj ljjf uj|}

`meej|jfp bg` pbj PU fjpqo|i{ fop jf`cj{{c} l|og`kg{p pbj mhgaj{ oe pbj ~cgfj{

k|g{bmfa mfpo pbj Pqmf Poqj|{& Ljkgz{j pbj|j qj|j fo mhgaj{ oe pbj òqfmfa oe

Zfmpj` Ecmabp =; mf ^jff{}cugfmg gf` fo `|ghgpmk eoopgaj oe pbj ~cgfj k|g{bmfa

mfpo pbj ^jfpgaof lzmc`mfa# pbj} g|j fop jpkbj` mf ~o~zcg| hjho|} pbj {ghj qg}

g{ pbj gppgki{ gf` koccg~{j oe pbj Pqmf Poqj|{ g|j&


2/21

Mp m{ ~j|pmfjfp bj|j po fopj pbgp pbj hj`mg kouj|gaj oe pj||o|m{h gc{o bg{ g

ljg|mfa of pbj |j{~of{j oe pbj aouj|fhjfp{& Mf bm{ {jhmfgc qo|i# Hmfm Hgfzgc

oe pbj Z|lgf Azj||mccg# L|gtmcmgf pj||o|m{p gf` pbmfij| Kg|co{ Hg|mabjccg

{g}{ pbj qbocj m`jg oe {pgamfa {~jkpgkzcg| gppgki{ m{ po hgij pbj pg|ajpaouj|fhjfp ouj||jgkp&

Pbj a|jgpj| pbj hj`mg kouj|gaj# pbj a|jgpj| pbj ~|j{{z|j of pbj aouj|fhjfp po

`jhof{p|gpj pbgp mp m{ mf kofp|oc# qbmkb mfug|mglc} |j{zcp{ mf jrkj{{muj

hjg{z|j{ pbgp kgz{j mfkofujfmjfkj po gf` bg|g{{hjfp oe o|`mfg|} kmpmtjf{& Qo|{j

{pmcc# ouj||jgkpmof p|gf{eo|h{ g ~ocmpmkgc {mpzgpmof mfpo g hmcmpg|} {mpzgpmof#

g{ Hg|mabjccg jfum{gaj{&

Pbgp m{ ~|jkm{jc} qbgp pbj Mf`mgf aouj|fhjfp fjj`{ po |j{m{p g{ mp kofpjh~cgpj{

mp{ |j{~of{j{ po pbj Hzhlgm pj||o| ozp|gaj gf` pbgp m{ qbgp pbj Lz{b

g`hmfm{p|gpmof `m` fop egkpo| mf qbjf mp `jkcg|j` qg| gagmf{p pbj

~j|~jp|gpo|{ oe =/77 gppgki{& Me gf}pbmfa# ^|j{m`jfp Lz{b koh~ozf`j` pbj

{mpzgpmof l} qgamfa g qg| gagmf{p M|gw mf pbj hm{pgijf g{{zh~pmof pbgp g

`jhof{p|gpmof oe ouj|qbjchmfa hmcmpg|} ~oqj| gagmf{p g |jfjag`j {pgpj qmcc {jf`g hj{{gaj po pbj fof{pgpj gkpo|{&

Kozfpj|pj||o|m{h{ kofkj~pzgc cgkzfg oe fop egkpo|mfa mf hj`mg kouj|gaj

ljkohj{ gcc pbj ho|j acg|mfa qbjf qj pgij mfpo kof{m`j|gpmof pbgp pbj|j g|j foeooc~|ooe qg}{ po ~|jujfp jgkb gf` juj|} gkp oe pj||o|m{h# cjp gcofj {zmkm`j

gppgki{ pbgp g|j um|pzgcc} mf`jejf{mlcj&

Fo ghozfp oe mfpjccmajfkj agpbj|mfa gf` hofmpo|mfa oe kbgppj| o| j|jkpmfa

{jkz|mp} lg||mj|{ po {jkz|j uzcfj|glcj pg|ajp{ kgf {po~ juj|} ~cgffj` gppgki&

Fop me gcc pg|ajp(|mkb `jhok|gkmj{ g|j ~opjfpmgc pbjgpj|{ oe pj||o|m{p

o~j|gpmof{& Pbj ofc} o~pmof m{ po fjzp|gcmtj pbj jeemkgk} oe pj||o|m{h g{ gf

mf{p|zhjfp oe ~|o~gagf`g&

Fjg|c} 0> }jg|{ gao# qbjf pbj ô~zcg| E|ofp eo| pbj Cmlj|gpmof oe ^gcj{pmfj

"ÊC^- g{{jhlcj` 5> mfpj|fgpmofgc pjcjum{mof fjpqo|i{ gf` lcjq z~ pb|jj

bmdgkij`# lzp jh~p}# Lojmfa gm|k|gep{ gp @gq{of gm|emjc` mf Ghhgf# Do|`gf# mp

ljkghj olumoz{ pbgp qmpbozp pbj hj`mg kouj|gaj oe pj||o|m{h qozc` lj |j`zkj` po

qbgp mp gkpzgcc} m{4 g coq(mfpjf{mp} gf` mf`m{k|mhmfgpj umocjfkj ~j|~jp|gpj` l}

g {hgcc fzhlj| oe fof({pgpj gkpo|{ qmpb cmhmpj` |j{oz|kj{ gf` |jgkb&

]jp# fo jeeo|p bg{ juj| ljjf hg`j po kz|pgmc hj`mg kouj|gaj of pbj ~cjg pbgp mp

qozc` lj gf gee|ofp po pbj e|jjòh oe pbj ~|j{{ gf` ghozfp po gf zf`jhok|gpmkhjg{z|j oe kjf{o|{bm~&

Lzp pbgp qozc`fp lj pbj kg{j# me pbj|j m{ g uoczfpg|} jeeo|p l} pbj hj`mg

mp{jce& Gepj| gcc# ouj| pbj ~g{p pqo `jkg`j{# gf` kj|pgmfc} {mfkj =/77#

kmpmtjf{# mf{pmpzpmof{ gf` lz{mfj{{j{ mf juj|} kozfp|} pbgp bg{ ljjf g pg|ajp oe

pj||o|m{h bguj hg`j {gk|memkj{ gf` gkkj~pj` |j{p|mkpmof{ of pbjm| e|jjòh{# mf

gf jeeo|p po ~|jujfp pj||o|m{p gppgki{&

Mp m{ ofc} pbj Emepb J{pgpj pbgp {jjh{ po lj jrjh~p e|oh kofp|mlzpmfa po pbm{

acolgc jeeo|p& Me gf}pbmfa# pbj um{zgc hj`mg# ~g|pmkzcg|c} pbj Ghj|mkgf


3/21

pjcjum{mof fjpqo|i{ pbgp l|og`kg{p acolgcc}# bguj ~|oempj` e|oh a|jgpj|

umjqj|{bm~# pbgfi{ po pbj kouj|gaj oe pj||o|m{p gkpmumpmj{ pbgp bguj aofj z~

jr~ofjfpmgcc} mf |jkjfp }jg|{&

Pbj um{zgc hj`mg gf` pj||o|m{h bguj g hzpzgcc} |jmfeo|kmfa |jcgpmof{bm~# qbmkbfjj`{ po lj l|oijf po pbj `jp|mhjfp oe pbj cgppj|&

G{ eo| pbj m{{zj oe ~|j{{ e|jjòh# pbj fjq{ hj`mg# ~g|pmkzcg|c} mf Ghj|mkg# g|j

fop zfeghmcmg| qmpb jmpbj| {jce(kjf{o|{bm~ mf pbj mfpj|j{p oe fgpmofgc {jkz|mp}

o| jfpj|mfa mfpo `jgc{ qmpb pbj cokgc# {pgpj gf` ej`j|gc aouj|fhjfp{ eo|

{~jkmemk ~z|~o{j{ mf pbj cg|aj| mfpj|j{p oe pbj gz`mjfkj pbj} {j|uj&

Jujf me ofj {bozc` kof{m`j| M{cghmk pj||o|m{h g{ g ajfj|gpmofgc ~bjfohjfof pbgp

qmcc `m{{m~gpj qbjf pbj kof`mpmof{ pbgp l|jj` mp kbgfaj eo| pbj ljppj| (( fop

zfcmij pbj |g`mkgc pj||o|m{h oe pbj 7=5>{ gf` 7=1>{ pj||o|m{h g{ g qjg~of oe

~ocmpmkgc {p|zaacj qmcc |jhgmf# mf pbm{ hj`mg(`|mujf acolgc umccgaj# gf

gpp|gkpmuj o~pmof eo| ezpz|j {zlfgpmofgc gkpo|{ qmpb fjq kgz{j{&

Cmlj|gc `jhok|gkmj{ kgffop geeo|` po cjp pbj e|jjòh oe pbj ~|j{{ kofpmfzj po{j|uj pbj eo|kj{ pbgp {jji po zf`j|hmfj pbjh& ^j|bg~{# mp m{ pmhj eo| gf

mfpj|fgpmofgc kofej|jfkj oe cjg`mfa hj`mg o|agfmtgpmof{ po `m{kz{{ gf` kof{m`j|

azm`jcmfj{ eo| gf g~~|o~|mgpj jhlg|ao of pj||o|m{h kouj|gaj&

[zfmc G`gh m{ pbj j`mpo| oe Pbj Mf`mgf Ghj|mkgf# g ajfj|gc(mfpj|j{p hgagtmfj

~zlcm{bj` e|oh Fjq ]o|i& Bj bg{ ljjf g kohhjfpgpo| of m{{zj{ |jcgpj` po

mfpj|fgpmofgc pj||o|m{h eo| fjg|c} pqo `jkg`j{&

Of pbj |jko|`4 Hzhlgm gf` hj`mg kouj|gaj

Lg|ibg @zppA|oz~ J`mpo|( Jfacm{b Fjq{# F@PU

Pbz|{`g}# @jkjhlj| >0# >2 747: ^H "Fjq @jcbm-

LG\IBG @ZPP \J[ÔF@[ PO [OHJ WZJ[PMOF[ \GM[J@ OF HJ@MG KOUJ\GAJ

[mrp} boz|{ oe cmuj pjcjum{mof gp pbj lj{p oe pmhj{ m{ mh~o{{mlc} `meemkzcp&

Lzp qbjf mp mfuocuj{ gf ofaomfa gf` ~|jkg|moz{ pj||o|m{p o~j|gpmof gf` g

~opjfpmgc `gfaj| po pbj cmuj{ oe bzf`|j`{ oe ~jo~cj# mp pb|oq{ z~ kbgccjfaj{ oe

pbj imf` pbgp fofj oe z{ bguj juj| `jgcp qmpb ljeo|j&

Jujf pbo{j oe z{ qbo bguj |j~o|pj` eo| }jg|{# of kofecmkp# qg| gf` kozfpj|

mf{z|ajfk} qj|jf!p ~|j~g|j` eo| qbgp qj jfkozfpj|j` mf Hzhlgm4 gf gz`gkmoz{gppgki of g kmp} pbgp qg{ ho|j mf pbj fgpz|j oe gf mfug{mof oe Mf`mg# pbgf

pj||o|m{h mf gf} eo|h# pbgp qj bguj ifoqf ljeo|j&

G{ Mf`mg `jlgpj{ qbj|j po ao e|oh bj|j gf` qbjpbj| g ,qg| of pj||o|,

m{ pbj lo||oqj` {coagf pbgp {bozc` `jemfj oz| |j{~of{j# M fopmkj pbj|j m{ g

`meej|jfp {o|p oe kmumc qg| l|jqmfa9 ofj pbgp ~cgkj{ z{ mf pbj hj`mg of pbj

opbj| {m`j oe pbj jfjh} cmfj&


4/21

Eo| juj|} Hzhlgmig| qbo ljcmjuj{ qj `m` pbj lj{p qj kozc` mf uj|} p|}mfa

km|kzh{pgfkj{( gf` qj bguj |jkjmuj` pboz{gf`{ gf` pboz{gf`{ oe {zkb hj{{gaj{(

pbj|j g|j {ohj opbj|{ qbo g|j foq wzj{pmofmfa oz| jpbmk{# oz| mfpja|mp} gf` oz|

~|oej{{mofgcm{h& Of pbj {p|jjp{ oe Hzhlgm# M ofc} hjp ~jo~cj qbo pbgfij` z{ eo|

~|oum`mfa g cg|aj| {jf{j oe kohhzfmp} po g kmp} {jjpbmfa qmpb |gaj gf` a|mje&Lzp g{ M ec} lgki po @jcbm# Mh poc` pbgp ,bgpj, a|oz~{ g|j p|}mfa po

koh~jpj qmpb ,egf, kohhzfmpmj{ of {okmgc fjpqo|imfa {mpj{ cmijEgkjlooi gf` O|izp& Pbj Mfpj|fjp g~~g|jfpc} m{ lzttmfa qmpb ump|moc gf` qj# mf

pbj hj`mg mf ajfj|gc# gf` {ohjpmhj{# hj mf ~g|pmkzcg|# g|j ljmfa pg|ajpj` qmpb g

ujfoh pbgp m{ {pg|pcmfa& M zf`j|{pgf` pbgp Mf`mg m{ gfa|}# fj|uj{ g|j e|gttcj`

gf` jhopmof{ bjmabpjfj`& Jujf {o#hgf} oe pbj kbg|aj{ g|j fop dz{p oeejf{muj&

hgcmkmoz{ gf` jfpm|jc} zfp|zj9 pbj} g|j g kofujfmjfp p|gf{ej|jfkj oe

|j{~of{mlmcmp}& Pbm{ m{ fop po {g}# pbgp qj hg`j fo hm{pgij{(

M gh {z|j qj mfgùj|pjfpc} hg`j g ejq( g{ `m` juj|} `j~g|phjfp oe aouj|fhjfp#

qbjf egkj` qmpb g {mpzgpmof pbgp Mf`mg bg{ fjuj| `jgcp qmpb ljeo|j& Lzp po ~g|i

kofkokpj` gf` {cgf`j|oz{ kbg|aj{ gp oz| òo| m{ {mh~c} zfgkkj~pglcj# a|o{{c}

zfegm| gf` {g``jfmfa&

M qozc` gc{o cmij po {p|j{{ pbozab pbgp pbm{ j|z~pmof oe gccjagpmof{ m{ ofc}ofj {hgcc ~g|p oe g cg|aj| ~mkpz|j& Mf pbj ~g{p qjji# qj bguj gc{o |jkjmuj`

kozfpcj{{ qo|`{ oe {z~~o|p gf` jfkoz|gajhjfp( e|oh pboz{gf`{ oe ~jo~cj ( Mf`mgf

kmpmtjf{ oe juj|} bzj gf` mci gk|o{{ pbj kozfp|}# g{ qjcc g{ {ohj ljppj| ifoqf

ofj{# cmij Fg|g}gf Hz|pb}# [gchgf \z{b`mj# [bg{bm Pbg|oo|# [zfmc Ibmcfgfm gf`[zijpz Hjbpg# po fghj dz{p g ejq& Qbjf g{ij` mf gf mfpj|umjq of F@PU# qbgp

{p|zki bmh qgpkbmfa pbj jujfp{ zfeoc` of pjcjum{mof# Fg|g}gf Hz|pb}# {gm` mp qg{

pbj ,emfj{p ~mjkj oe PU doz|fgcm{h mf g `jkg`j&,

Lzp mf doz|fgcm{h# qj ifoq pbgp# ~|gm{j gf` k|mpmkm{h g|j pqmf{ pbgp p|gujc

poajpbj|& Gf` qj qjckohj lopb gf` p|} gf` cm{pjf po lopb kg|jezcc}&

[o# eo| pbo{j qbo q|opj mf po pjcc z{ pbgp qj aop mp |mabp( Pbgfi }oz {o hzkb&]oz| qo|`{ jfkoz|gaj z{&

Lzp eo| pbo{j qbo kbg|aj` z{ qmpb k|mhj{ qj gl{oczpjc} g{{j|p qj bguj fop

kohhmppj`# bj|j m{ oz| |j{~of{j& [ohj oe mp m{ gf{qj| po ajfj|gc wzj{pmof{ glozp

pbj hj`mg gf` {ohj po {~jkmemk kbg|aj{ hg`j gagmf{p oz| o|agfmtgpmof&

7& ^cjg{j ò fopj pbgp gp gcc pmhj{# pbj hj`mg |j{~jkpj` pbj {jkz|mp} ko|òf( g

ko|òf pbgp qg{ `jpj|hmfj` l} pbj ~ocmkj gf` oeemkmgc{ of {mpj( gf` FOP l} pbj

hj`mg& Me# g{ m{ foq ljmfa {zaaj{pj`# pbj g{{j{{hjfp m{ pbgp pbj hj`mg qg{

gccoqj` poo kco{j po pbj o~j|gpmof{# bj|j m{ qbgp qj {g}4 qj qozc` bguj ljjfbg~~} po {pgf` gp g `m{pgfkj hzkb ez|pbj| gqg} e|oh pbj jfkozfpj| {mpj{# bg`

gf}ofj# gf}ofj gp gcc# g{ij` z{ po houj& Mf pbj 1< boz|{ pbgp qj {poo` of|j~o|pmfa `zp}# fop ofkj qj|j qj g{ij` po houj ez|pbj| gqg}& Qj oepjf `jcg}j`

cmuj pjcjkg{pmfa oe mhgaj{ pbgp qj pbozabp qj|j {jf{mpmuj {o g{ po fop

koh~|ohm{j pbj ofaomfa o~j|gpmof& Fop ofkj# qj|j qj g{ij` l} gf}ofj mf

gzpbo|mp}# po {qmpkb oz| kghj|g{ oee# o| qmpbboc` mhgaj{& Qbjf qj `m` {o# mp qg{

jfpm|jc} oz| oqf g{{j{{hjfp pbgp ~j|bg~{ mp qg{ {gej{p po ò {o& Gk|o{{ pbj

qo|c`# gf` g{ bg~~jfj` mf pbj Z[ gepj| =/77# pbj|j g|j `gmc}# kjfp|gcmtj`

l|mjemfa{ l} oeemkmgc{ po guom` gf} mfgùj|pjfp

kofez{mof pbgp hj`mg kouj|gaj hg} pb|oq z~& Fop {o mf Hzhlgm& Pbj|j qg{ fo


5/21

kjfp|gc ~omfp oe kofpgkp o| mfeo|hgpmof eo| doz|fgcm{p{ qbo qj|j oepjf cjep po

pbjm| oqf `jumkj{ po bzfp òqf fjq{ pbgp pbj} ejcp bg` po lj kofuj}j` po pbjm|

kozfp|}& Fo ò!{ gf` òf!p{ qj|j ~|oum`j` l} oeemkmgc{& Qbmcj qj

zf`j|{pgf` pbgp pbm{ {mpzgpmof qg{ fjq eo| juj|}ofj mfuocuj`# gf` {o pbj

aouj|fhjfp kozc` fop bguj ljjf jr~jkpj` po bguj g ezcc ~cgf eo| hj`mg kouj|gaj#{z|jc} pbj {ghj cgpmpz`j {bozc` lj {boqf po z{? Pbj F[A kbmje jujf pbgfij` pbj

hj`mg eo| oz| kof{m{pjfp ko(o~j|gpmof& Cgpj| pbj F[A kohhgfò{ ~j|{ofgcc}pbgfij` hj eo| {boqkg{mfa pbjm| fjj` eo| g `j`mkgpj` gm|k|gep( qbmkb pbj}

{bokimfac} `m` fop bguj ( pbj} bguj foq ljjf amujf pbgp gepj| F@PU!{ {~jkmgc

|j~o|p qg{ gm|j`&

Qj bguj ofc} pbj a|jgpj{p |j{~jkp gf` g`hm|gpmof eo| oz| g|hj` eo|kj{# gf`

pb|ozabozp pbj kouj|gaj |j~jgpj`c} zf`j|cmfj` boq pbj} g|j oz| a|jgpj{p bj|oj{&

Lzp qj qj|j pgijf glgki po bjg| pbj Fgu} Kbmje# l|gf`mfa z{ g{ g ,`m{glcmfa

eo|kj#, eo| |j~o|pmfa of gf ofaomfa o~j|gpmof& Me pbgp m{ pbj kg{j# qb}

qj|j bm{ oqf oeemkj|{ l|mjemfa z{ of kghj|g# lgfa mf pbj hm``cj oe gf ofaomfa

o~j|gpmof gf` pbgp poo qbjf pbj} ofc} bg` g ejq |z{bj` hohjfp{ gp pbj {mpj oe

jfkozfpj|{? Ljeo|j pbj jfkozfpj| qg{ ouj| gp jmpbj| pbj Pgd o| pbj Olj|om# bm{

hg|mfj kohhgfò{ jujf bjc` g bg{pmc} kgccj` ~|j{{ kofej|jfkj pbgp qg{ pjcjkg{pcmuj# qmpb pbjm| ~j|hm{{mof# gk|o{{ kbgffjc{& Me qj qj|j mf`jj` pbj ol{pgkcj# o|

pbj ,`m{glcmfa eo|kj, qb} `m` pbj} bguj pmhj eo| z{ mf pbj hm``cj oe

gf o~j|gpmof? Qbmcj {boopmfa pbj hj{{jfaj| m{ kofujfmjfp # pbj aouj|fhjfp gc{o

fjj`{ po mfp|o{~jkp gf` `jpj|hmfj qbjpbj| mp bg{ gf mfeo|hgpmof `m{{jhmfgpmof{}{pjh mf ~cgkj pbgp m{ ajg|j` eo| {zkb

k|m{j{& Lcgfimfa ozp kbgffjc{( g{ qg{ òfj eo| g ejq boz|{( hg} fop lj pbj

m`jgc {oczpmof& Mp ofc} cjg`{ po ho|j |zhoz| hofaj|mfa# ~gfmk gf` egc{jboo`{

{~|jg`mfa mf gc|jg`} zfkj|pgmf {mpzgpmof&


6/21

pbjm| a|mje o| dz{p hgij gf g~~jgc eo| ~jgkj( gf` pbj jhopmof{ ug|mj`( boq kgf

opbj| ~jo~cj ozp pbj|j `jpj|hmfj pbgp pbj} {bozc` fop lj {~jgimfa? Lzp po {g}

pbgp qj bg` fo lz{mfj{{ pgcimfa po

eghmcmj{ m{ gf jfpm|jc} fgmuj gf` hm{~cgkj` k|mpmkm{h& Pbj} kbo{j po pgci& Mf

juj|} kg{j# mp qg{ pbjm| kbomkj po {bg|j gf` po {~jgi& Gf` pbjm| uomkj{ qj|j mfegkp pbj |jgc p|gaj`} gf` fjj`j` po lj bjg|` gf` poc`&

[mhmcg|c}# qbjf pbj |j{kzj` bo{pgaj{ em|{p jhj|aj` e|oh pbj bopjc{ hgf} oe pbjh

QGFPJ@ po {~jgi ljkgz{j pbj} qgfpj` po cjp pbjm| eghmcmj{ ifoq pbj} qj|j {gej&

Pbj zfeo|pzfgpj gl{jfkj oe g ko|òf k|jgpj` gf guom`glcj k|oq`mfa mf oe

doz|fgcm{p{& Lzp juj|} |j{kzj` bo{pgaj qbo g~~jg|j` of gf} oe oz| {boq{ `m` {o

jfpm|jc} uoczfpg|mc}& Juj|} ~g|pmkm~gfp of Qj pbj ^jo~cj# mfkcz`mfa [bghjjh# g

hgf qbo co{p {mr hjhlj|{ oe bm{ eghmc} gp pbj K[P |gmcqg} {pgpmof qg{ pbj|j

ljkgz{j pbj} qgfpj` po {bg|j pbjm| p|gaj`} o| hm|gkzcoz{ j{kg~j o| p|gzhg mf g

qm`j| kohhzfmp}& [bghjjh# qbo {gm` bj `m` fop bguj hofj} po lz|} bm{ `jg`# bg{

{mfkj ljjf oeej|j` bjc~ gf` |jbglmcmpgpmof l} oz| umjqj|{& Mf pbgp hohjfp#

pjcjum{mof ~|oum`j` g qm`j| {jf{j oe kohhzfmp}# qbjf fo ofj jc{j bg` pbj pmhj o|

qbj|jqmpbgc po pgci po pbj qgmpmfa |jcgpmuj{&

;& Kozc` qj bguj ljjf ho|j gqg|j oe pbj {zeej|mfa gf` p|gaj`} oe pbo{j imccj`

mf pbj em|{p ejq boz|{ gp pbj K[P |gmcqg} {pgpmof gf` fop aop {mfazcg|c} eokz{j`

of pbj pqo bopjc{? Of pbm{ ofj ~omfp# M qozc` kofkj`j pbgp ~j|bg~{# pbm{ qg{ g

lgcgfkj qj co{p gf` fjj`j` po |j`|j{{ jg|cmj| of `z|mfa pbj kouj|gaj& Lzp#ho{pc} oz| gppjfpmof qg{ of pbj bopjc{# ljkgz{j pbj} qj|j pbj {mpj{ oe pbj cmuj

jfkozfpj|{# gf` fop ljkgz{j oe {ohj `jcmlj|gpj {okmo(jkofohmk ~|jdz`mkj& [pmcc#

qbjf hgf} jhgmc{ ~oz|j` mf of boq mh~o|pgfp mp qg{ po ko||jkp pbm{ mhlgcgfkj#

ho{p oe z{# {poo` z~# pooi fopmkj# gf` p|mj` po hgij ghjf`{ eo| gf zfqmppmfa

cgki oe lgcgfkj mf gm| pmhj&

0& [bozc` pbj|j lj gf jhj|ajfk} ko`j oe ò{ gf` òfp{ eo| pbj kouj|gaj oe {zkb

k|m{j{? Qj mf pbj hj`mg qozc` qjckohj g e|ghjqo|i eo| {jf{mpmuj jujfp{ gf` g|jbg~~} po kofp|mlzpj po mp{ kof{p|zkpmof& Lzp mp m{ mh~o|pgfp po zf`j|{pgf` pbgp

mf pbj gl{jfkj oe gf} mf{p|zkpmof{ of {mpj gf` mf pbj gl{jfkj oe gf} {zkb

e|ghjqo|i qj l|oij FO |zcj{& Lopb pbj F[A kbmje gf` pbj {~jkmgc {jk|jpg|}

koh~cmhjfpj` z{ pb|jj `g}{ mfpo pbj kouj|gaj& [o qb} pbj {z``jf kbgfaj mf oz|

~ocmpmkmgf{?

Emfgcc}# M qozc` cmij po ~omfp ozp pbgp pbj Fgu} Kbmje hg`j g egkpzgcc}

mfko||jkp gf` qbocc} zfp|zj kohhjfp of F@PU!{ kouj|gaj `z|mfa pbj Ig|amc

kofecmkp oe 7===# kcgmhmfa pbgp F@PU g{ij` eo| g azf po lj p|maaj|j` eo| pbj

ljfjemp oe pbj kghj|g& M qgfp po {pgpj eo| pbj |jko|`4 fo {zkb mfkm`jfp juj|pooi ~cgkj gf` qj bguj gf oeemkmgc gifoqcjàhjfp oe pbgp# mfkcz`mfa e|oh pbjf

G|h} Kbmje# U&^ Hgcmi& M qozc` z|aj G`hm|gc Hjbpg po |jg` Ajfj|gc U&^Hgcmi!{ looi of Ig|amc eo| ez|pbj| kcg|mp}& Ajfj|gc Hgcmi qg{ pbj G|h} Kbmje

`z|mfa pbj o~j|gpmof{ gf` ~zp{ po |j{p gf} {zkb kofp|ouj|{} mf bm{ looi& Mf g

eo|hgc cjppj|# F@PU bg{ gc{o g{ij` eo| gf mhhj`mgpj |jp|gkpmof e|oh pbj Fgu} gf`

oeemkmgcc} koh~cgmfj` pbgp pbj kohhjfp{ ghozfp po `jeghgpmof& [juj|gc q|mpj|{

bguj gc|jg`} ~omfpj` ozp boq pbj Fgu} Kbmje bg{ aop bm{ egkp{ q|ofa& "@FG#

Mf`mgf Jr~|j{{# Um| [gfabum mf Pbj Bmf`z{pgf Pmhj{# [gfig|{bgf Pbgiz| mf Pbj

Pjcja|g~b-& Pbm{# mfkm`jfpgcc}# qg{ pbj {ghj ~|j{{ kofej|jfkj qbj|j pbj G`hm|gc pb|jgpjfj`

cmpj|gcc} po ,kbo~ pbj bjg`{ oee, oe pqo opbj| |j~o|pj|{ qbo gm|j` bm{ mfpj|umjq gbjg` oe {kbj`zcj&


7/21

M ljcmjuj pbgp k|mpmkm{h m{ qbgp bjc~{ z{ juocuj gf` |jmfujfp oz|{jcuj{& Lzp

qbjf hgcmkj gf` |zhoz| g|j |jag|`j` g{ ejj`lgki# pbj|j kgf lj fo kof{p|zkpmuj

`mgcoazj& Umjqmfa ~|jej|jfkj{ g|j bmabc} {zldjkpmuj gf` gcqg}{ `jj~c} ~j|{ofgc

kbomkj{# gf` pbj ho{p emppmfa |jdjkpmof oe {ohjofj qbo `oj{f!p g~~jgc po}oz| gj{pbjpmk{ oe mfpjccmajfkj# m{ {mh~c} po ecmki pbj kbgffjc gf` qgpkb

{ohjofj jc{j& Pbj umjqj|# po pbgp jrpjfp# m{ imfa& Lzp# qbjf# kohhjfp{ ljamfpg|ajpmfa kbg|gkpj|# ho|gcmp} gf` mfpja|mp} oe mf`mum`zgc{ gf` pbj kohhjfpg|}

ljkohj{ ho|j glozp pbj mf`mum`zgc# pbgf pbj m{{zj# pbjf e|gfic}# pbj gfaj| m{

dz{p `j{p|zkpmuj gf` cmppcj jc{j& Ho|j pbgf gf}pbmfa jc{j# mp m{ p|gamk pbgp gp

pbm{ pmhj# qj g|j jr~|j{{mfa oz|{jcuj{ mf pbm{ eg{bmof& [z|jc}# Mf`mg bg{ lmaaj|

cj{{of{ po cjg|f gf` cg|aj| ~omfp{ po hzcc ouj|# pbgf po jr~jf` jfj|a} ouj|

qbmkb pjcjum{mof doz|fgcm{p po~{ pbj kbg|p{ o| egcc{ po pbj loppoh&

HJ@MG(MF@MG/ GIM[PGF4 o{p(Hzhlgm Doz|fo{ [p|zaacj Gagmf{p Bo{pmcmpmj{

L} Ljjfg [g|qg|

IG\GKBM# @jk = "M^[- ( ^gim{pgfm gf` Mf`mgf doz|fgcm{p{ gf`

koczhfm{p{# qbo eo|aj` ~j|{ofgc |jcgpmof{bm~{ ouj| pbj ~g{p pqo

`jkg`j{ `z|mfa kozfpcj{{ domfp hj`mg kof{zcpgpmof{ gf` {jhmfg|{# g|j

{p|zaacmfa po ouj|kohj bo{pmcmpmj{ ljpqjjf pbjm| kozfp|mj{ {mfkj pbj

Hzhlgm kg|fgaj&

Pbj{j uomkj{ g|j gcc lzp `|oqfj` mf pbj `mf jhgfgpmfa e|oh pbj lcghj

gf` kozfpj|(lcghj |bjpo|mk of jmpbj| {m`j# qmpb Mf`mg!{ gkkz{gpmof{

oe ^gim{pgfm mfuocujhjfp mf pbj gppgki{ ljmfa hjp `jejf{mujc} l} hgf}

^gim{pgfm{ jujf g{ jum`jfkj glozp ^gim{pgfm cmfi{ po pbj gppgki{

a|oq{&

Kco{j po > ~jo~cj `mj` gepj| g pjf(hgf {wzg`# g|hj` qmpb g{{zgcp

|mecj{# a|jfg`j{ gf` jr~co{muj{# |gh~gaj` pb|ozab pbj Mf`mgf ~o|p

kmp} oe Hzhlgm ljeo|j lg||mkg`mfa pbjh{jcuj{ mf{m`j pqo czrz|} bopjc{

po boc` oee kohhgf`o{ eo| 5> boz|{ e|oh Fou&


8/21

{mfkj pbjf ljjf ~mkimfa bocj{ mf pbj Mf`mgf g|azhjfp{&

Bg{ pbj hj`mg b}~j kofp|mlzpj` po |m{mfa pjf{mof{ ljpqjjf pbj fzkcjg|(

g|hj` {pgpj{ (( o| g|j bo{pmcmpmj{ ljpqjjf pbj kozfp|mj{ kofp|mlzpmfa

po pjf{mof{ ljpqjjf pbjm| hj`mg?

Mf`mgf uomkj{ mf pbj ^gim{pgfm hj`mg# gf` umkj uj|{g# `m{g~~jg|j`

gepj| pbj 7=5: qg|& Mp qg{ fop zfpmc ;> }jg|{ cgpj| pbgp doz|fgcm{p{

qbo hjp gp g kofujfpmof oe pbj ^gim{pgf(Mf`mg ^jo~cj!{ Eo|zh eo|

^jgkj gf` @jhok|gk} "^M^E^@- mf Fjq @jcbm# mf 7==: ljagf q|mpmfa eo|

jgkb opbj|!{ ~zlcmkgpmof{&

Pbj |m{j oe pbj mfpj|fjp hg`j kohhzfmkgpmof jg{mj| jujf mf pbo{j `g}{

oe cjfapb} gf` koh~cmkgpj` j(hgmc g``|j{{j{& Boqjuj|# `z|mfa pmhj{ oe

pjf{mof# pbo{j q|mpmfa eo| ~g~j|{ gk|o{{ pbj lo|`j| {ohjpmhj{

|je|gmfj` e|oh q|mpmfa `zj po ejg| oe |j~|m{gc{ (( e|oh pbjm|

aouj|fhjfp{ o| e|oh |mabp(qmfa a|oz~{&

Mf {zkb pmhj{# pbj ,mfpj|fgcm{gpmof oe h}pb{ gf` hmf`{jp{, g{ pbj

Mf`mgf doz|fgcm{p \mpg Hgfkbgf`g ~zp mp# kohj{ po pbj eo|j& ,Ho|j

hzf`gfjc} gf` mfum{mlc}# {zkb "hj`mg- hgfm~zcgpmof |j{zcp{

e|oh n|ozpmfj{! oe fjq{ agpbj|mfa# {p|zkpz|j{ oe oqfj|{bm~ gf` pbj

jrmajfkmj{ oe pjkbfocoa} ((pbj p}|gff} oe ncmuj! kouj|gaj of 7&

G `jkg`j cgpj|# cmppcj g~~jg|{ po bguj kbgfaj`& Pbj |m{j oe


9/21

mf`j~jf`jfp pjcjum{mof kbgffjc{ bg{ mf egkp mfk|jg{j` {jf{gpmofgcm{p

|j~o|pmfa g{ pbj} koh~jpj eo| umjqj|{bm~# qmpb gz`mjfkj |gpmfa{

dzh~mfa `z|mfa cmuj kouj|gaj oe k|m{j{&

Kof{~m|gk} pbjo|mj{ of lopb {m`j{ glozf`& Ofj ^gim{pgfm PU bo{p

lcghj` pbj Hzhlgm kg|fgaj of ,Tmofm{p Bmf`z{, gf` mf{m{pj` pbgp pbj

kg~pz|j` azfhgf qg{ gkpzgcc} g [mib gf` bm{ imccj` koh~gfmof g Bmf`z&

Gcpbozab pbj bo{p bg{ cmppcj k|j`mlmcmp} pbj j~m{o`j m{ z~ of ug|moz{

qjl{mpj{# ~|oh~pmfa Mf`mgf{ po g{i ,M{ pbm{ qbgp ^gim{pgfm kbgffjc{

g|j {boqmfa?,

Ol{j|uj|{ fopj pbgp {ohj Mf`mgf kbgffjc{ qj|j fo ljppj|& [zkb

kof{~m|gk} pbjo|mj{ gc{o bguj g`bj|jfp{ mf Mf`mg# qbo mf{m{p pbgp pbj

Bmf`z |mabp(qmfa mf koccglo|gpmof qmpb pbj M{|gjcm{ qg{ ljbmf` pbj

kg|fgaj&

Pbj ~omfp m{# {g} gfgc}{p{# eo| gf}ofj po `m{kz{{ pbj m`jfpmp} oe pbj

azfhjf m{ dz{p {~jkzcgpmof zfpmc pbj egkp{ jhj|aj ezcc}&

Hjgfqbmcj# pbj fof({po~ hj`mg kohhjfpg|} bg{ ,~zccj` po pbj {z|egkj

cgpjfp |gaj# `jj~ ~|jdz`mkj{ gf` bmabcmabpj` pbj mfkoh~jpjfkj oe pbj

{}{pjh#, g{ ~b}{mkm{p gf` ~jgkj gkpmum{p M{g @gz`~opg kohhjfpj` mf gf

o~(j` mf ^gim{pgfm `gmc} n@gqf! of @jk& 2&

@|gqmfa gppjfpmof po pbj ,|m`mkzcoz{ kofe|ofpgpmof, ljpqjjf Mf`mg gf`

^gim{pgf of pbj [mgkbjf acgkmj| g{ qjcc g{ pbj ,ko|j m{{zj, oe pbj

`m{~zpj` {pgpj oe Ig{bhm|# @gz`~opg z|aj` pbj cjg`j|{bm~ po ajp

poajpbj| gf` `|gq z~ g cg{pmfa ~jgkj ~cgf `jgcmfa qmpb pbj{j m{{zj{&

,Fop poo cofa gao# pbj lohlmfa oe pbj Hg||mopp bopjc mf M{cghglg`

hg`j g~~g|jfp gcho{p m`jfpmkgc {jfpmhjfp{ gf` ecgq{ mf ^gim{pgf!{

{}{pjh{& Mf oz| egmcz|j{# mp m{ {g`c} |jg{{z|mfa pbgp qj g|j pbj {ghj


10/21

~jo~cj,&

Pbj kohhofgcmp} mf bm{po|}# kzcpz|j# cgfazgaj# hz{mk# {~o|p{ gf` eoo`

oepjf k|jgpj{ gf mf{pgfp lof` of g bzhgf cjujc qbjf doz|fgcm{p{ e|oh

^gim{pgf gf` Mf`mg hjjp&

Ofj {jfmo| j`mpo| mf Fjq @jcbm |jkgcc{ g ^gim{pgfm bopjc kcj|i mf

L|z{{jc{ qbo qjfp ozp oe bm{ qg} po hgij pbj um{mpmfa Mf`mgf

koheo|pglcj& ,Mf g {jf{j doz|fgcm{p{ cjg` pbj !~jo~cj(po(~jo~cj!

kofpgkp{ l} |m`mfa em|{p of pbj [ghdbgzpg Jr~|j{{ "p|gmf ljpqjjf pbj

pqo kozfp|mj{- o| pgimfa {~of{o|j` lz{ |m`j{ po Cgbo|j#, bj kohhjfp{&

Ofc} pqo hj`mg boz{j{ mf ^gim{pgf gf` Mf`mg kz||jfpc} bguj g

ko||j{~of`jfp jgkb mf pbj Mf`mgf gf` ^gim{pgfm kg~mpgc{ |j{~jkpmujc}&

Opbj|{ jh~co} cokgc{ g{ ko||j{~of`jfp{ o| {p|mfaj|{& Qmpb oeemkmgc{

mf lopb kozfp|mj{ |jczkpgfp "o| fop gccoqj` po {~jgi o~jfc} po pbj

hj`mg- mp m{ oepjf doz|fgcm{p{ qbo {pgf` mf eo| pbjh&

M{cghglg` ko||j{~of`jfp eo| pbj |j{~jkpj` Mf`mgf `gmc} nPbj Bmf`z!

Fm|z~ghg [zl|ghgfmgh# poc` M^[ pbgp {bj bg{ ljjf ejjcmfa cmij

g n~zfkbmfa lga! {mfkj pbj Hzhlgm `|ghg ljagf&

,Pjcjum{mof pgci {boq{ bguj kofpmfzoz{c} kgccj` z~of hj g{ me M qg{

pbj {~oij{hgf eo| Mf`mgf pjcjum{mof kbgffjc{# aouj|fhjfp oe Mf`mg#

Mf`mgf kbgzumfm{p{# pbj qbocj oe Mf`mg& Lzp M ejcp M bg` po ao of

pbo{j ~|oa|ghhj{ mf o|`j| po jfagaj qmpb ^gim{pgfm{# j{~jkmgcc}

doz|fgcm{p{& ,

Gcpbozab {bj ejcp {bj ,qg{f!p ajppmfa pb|ozab po gf}ofj,# umjqj|{

g~~|jkmgpj` bj| jeeo|p{& ,M cmij` bj| bofj{p}# {p|gmabpeo|qg|`fj{{

gf` cgki oe `jejf{mujfj{{# , g |jpm|j` `okpo| mf Ig|gkbm poc` M^[& ,Qj


11/21

fjj` po bjg| ho|j {zkb "Mf`mgf- uomkj{ mf pbj hj`mg&,

Lzp pbj ~|jugmcmfa gfaj| mf Mf`mg m{ bmf`j|mfa `mgcoazj jujf ghofa

doz|fgcm{p{& gim{pgfm PU kbgffjc Mf`z{ Pjcjum{mof!{ @m|jkpo| Kz||jfp

Geegm|{ [bgbjjf [gcgbz``mf qbo p|mj{ po mfkcz`j n{gfj uomkj{! e|oh

Mf`mg of bj| `gmc} {boq nIbzcm Lggp! "O~jf Pgci- qg{ pgijf glgki l} g

|jkjfp mfkm`jfp mfuocumfa gf j`mpo| mf Fjq @jcbm&

,M bg` hjp bmh gp {juj|gc kofej|jfkj{ gf` kgccj` bmh gepj| pbj Hzhlgm

gppgki{& Bj ga|jj` lzp gepj| pbgp# M kgccj` pb|jj pmhj{ gf` bj qg{

gcqg}{ nmf g hjjpmfa!#, {bj poc` M^[& ,Emfgcc} qbjf M aop h}

{jk|jpg|} po kgcc pbj} poc` bj| bj qozc`f!p pgci po gf} ^gim{pgfm

doz|fgcm{p& Jujf Lbg|gp Lbz{bgf "j`mpo| oe nHgmc Po`g}! qbo m{ ifoqf

po lj e|mjf`c} po ^gim{pgf- `m`f!p kgcc hj lgki&,

Qbjf kofpgkpj`# Lbz{bgf poc` M^[ umg jhgmc pbgp bj bg` {jfp g ~bofj

pjrp hj{{gaj {g}mfa bj qozc` lj zfglcj po ò pbj mfpj|umjq# qbmkb

[gcgbz``mf g~~g|jfpc} `m` fop |jkjmuj&

[pmcc [gcgbz``mf òj{ hgfgaj po ajp gcpj|fgpmuj umjq~omfp{ kozfpj|mfa

pbj òhmfgfp gfpgaofm{h# cmij `jejfkj gfgc}{p Z`g} Lbg{ig| qbo bg{

jujf bjc~j` bj| qmpb opbj| kofpgkp{ eo| bj| {boq& G |jkjfp j~m{o`j

mfkcz`j` pbj ujpj|gf Mf`mgf n~jgkjfmi! doz|fgcm{p gf` g eo|hj| Mf`mgf

{~jkmgc eo|kj{ kohhgf`j|&

,Jujf me pbj|j g|j pjf{mof{# qg| {bozc` lj |zcj` ozp g{ gf o~pmof#,

g|azj` Mf`mgf doz|fgcm{p Izc`m~ Fg}}g|& Boqjuj|# bj g``j` a|mhc} mf

|j{~of{j po g wzj{pmof glozp pbj nqg| b}~j!# ,mp m{ {pmcc uj|} hzkb

pbj|j,&

Mf`mgf gfgc}{p Cp& Ajf& "|jpm|j`- Ge{m| Ig|mh ~zp mp {p|gmabp4 lopb

kozfp|mj{ ,{bozc` koo~j|gpj po kohlgp pj||o|m{h& Qg| qmcc koh~cmkgpj#


12/21

fop {ocuj pbj {mpzgpmof!!&

Bj ga|jj` pbgp pbj Hzhlgm gppgki{ qozc` fop bguj ljjf ~o{{mlcj

qmpbozp cokgc bjc~ (( g ~omfp pbgp ^gim{pgfm kohhjfpgpo|{ bguj ljjf

{p|j{{mfa& Bj g``j` pbgp pbj gppgkij|{ ,olumoz{c} qgfpj` po `j|gmc

pbj ~jgkj ~|okj{{ gf` pgij pbj ~|j{{z|j oee ^gim{pgf!{ qj{pj|f

lo|`j|,&

Qmpb pbj ^gim{pgf(Mf`mg koh~o{mpj `mgcoazj kz||jfpc} gp g um|pzgc

{pgf`{pmcc# bo{pmcj kohhjfp{ of jmpbj| {m`j g|j ,ej`, l} uj{pj`

mfpj|j{p{# ujpj|gf Cgbo|j(lg{j` doz|fgcm{p Mhpmgt Gcgh poc` M^[&

^omfpmfa po {ohj ~|ohmfjfp pgci {boq{ gf` fjq{~g~j| koczhfm{p{# Gcgh

gkkz{j` pbjh oe ,eoccoqmfa pbj M[M!{ hgf`gpj,& Pbj M[M "Mfpj|(

[j|umkj{ Mfpjccmajfkj- bg{ eo| }jg|{ ljjf mfuocuj` mf

fz|pz|mfa ndjbg`m! a|oz~{ cmij pbj Cg{big|(j(Pomlg "CjP- pbgp g|j

gkkz{j` oe ljmfa ljbmf` pbj Hzhlgm kg|fgaj&

Gcgh# qbo eozf`j` pbj [ozpb G{mg E|jj Hj`mg G{{okmgpmof "[GEHG- mf

Dzc} >># {gm` pbgp qbmcj pbj Mf`mgf hj`mg `m` ,~|j(dz`aj gf` dzh~

po kofkcz{mof{# pbm{ bg~~jf{ gp pmhj{ cmij pbj{j!!&

G uomkj e|jwzjfpc} bjg|` of ^gim{pgfm PU kbgffjc{ m{ pbgp oe pbj

bgqim{b eo|hj| M[M kbmje Cp& Ajf& "|jp`&- Bghm` Azc& Gfopbj| |jpm|j`

ajfj|gc# [gcgbz``mf Pm|hmt |jej||j` po Mf`mg g{ ^gim{pgf!{ ,`z{bhgf

hzci, "jfjh} kozfp|}-# jujf ljeo|j pbj Hzhlgm g{{gzcp{ qj|j ouj|&

,Qbmcj Mf`mg aoj{ pb|ozab mp{ fgpmofgc p|gaj`}# pbm{ {o(

kgccj` n{jkz|mp} jr~j|p! bg{ fopbmfa ljppj| po {g} pbgf `zl Mf`mg

g{ noz| jfjh}! gf` k|jgpj hg{{ b}{pj|mg mf ^gim{pgf#, q|opj M{cghglg`(

lg{j` gfgc}{p Eowmg [g`mw Ibgf mf g {p|ofa cjppj| oe ~|opj{p glozp


13/21

Pm|hmtm!{ kohhjfp po pbj PU kbgffjc# g ko~} oe qbmkb {bj {jfp M^[&

Pbj Pjcja|g~b 0 @jkjhlj| >2

QJ# PBJ ^JO^CJ

( Pbj Hzhlgm p|gaj`} gf` pbj Jfacm{b cgfazgaj fjq{ hj`mg

Hzizc Ij{gugf

,Ao po pbj Eoz| [jg{of{ gf` cooi òqf e|oh pbj po~ ecoo| gp pbj{czh{ g|ozf` }oz& @o }oz ifoq qbgp ecga{ }oz qmcc {jj? Fop pbj

Kofa|j{{!{# fop pbj LD^!{# fop pbj [bmu [jfg!{& ^gim{pgf' ^gim{pgfm

ecga{ ec} bmab'&&& ]oz ifoq qbgp M pbmfi? Qj {bozc` kg|~jp(lohl

^gim{pgf& Pbgp!{ pbj ofc} qg} qj kgf amuj g kcjg| hj{{gaj&,

[mhm Ag|jqgc cgpj| g~ocoamtj` eo| pbm{ cmppcj ozplz|{p of pbj

pjcjum{mof {boq# Qj# pbj ^jo~cj& [bj {gm` {bj bg` hm{pgijf Hz{cmhecga{ eo| ^gim{pgfm ofj{& [bj bg` g bg|`j| pmhj jr~cgmfmfa gqg} bj|!kg|~jp lohlmfa! ~|j{k|m~pmof& [bj kcgmhj` pbgp {bj bg` hjgfp po

{zaaj{p g kouj|p gppgki cmij pbj ljcoq(pbj(|g`g| hm{{mof{ Ghj|mkgf{

{o oepjf zf`j|pgij mf ^gim{pgf!{ lo|`j|cgf`{& Kg|~jp(lohlmfa m{

bg|` po ò `m{k|jjpc}# lzp qj {bozc`f!p hgij poo hzkb oe pbm{

ljkgz{j pbj ~omfp m{f!p [mhm Ag|jqgc gf` bj| ageej4 mp!{ pbj qg}

pbj Jfacm{b cgfazgaj fjq{ hj`mg kouj|j` pbj Hzhlgm p|gaj`}&

Pbj m`moh oe pbj kouj|gaj oe pbj pj||o| gppgki of Hzhlgm qg{ mf

~g|p {bg~j` l} pbj fjj` po {g} {ohjpbmfa# gf}pbmfa# mf pbj egkj oe

bo||o| gf` jumc& Pbj fjj` po uomkj fop dz{p pbjm| oqf ejjcmfa{ lzp

pbj fjj` po lj g ~|or} eo| pbj ^jo~cj# po gfpmkm~gpj gf` jkbo g

~zlcmk |juzc{mof# {jjhj` po ouj|qbjch |j~o|pj|{ gf` {pz`mo gfkbo|{&

Pbj qmc`(j}j` gfmhgpmof qmpb qbmkb pbj} {~oij {jjhj` ~|oh~pj` l}pbj ljcmje pbgp kgch# jujf czkm`mp}# qg{ gf mfg~~|o~|mgpj |j{~of{j

po p|gaj`}& Lg|ibg @zpp!{ gampgpmof g{ {bj |j~o|pj` e|oh {mpj{

gppgkij` l} pbj pj||o|m{p{ qg{ {o jrp|jhj pbgp of okkg{mof {bj

{jjhj` po b}~j|(ujfpmcgpj of kghj|g& Ez|pbj| gqg} e|oh pbj p|gaj`}#mf g {pz`mo# G|fgl Ao{qghm |gpkbjpj` z~ pbj bjkpo|mfa {jce(

|mabpjoz{fj{{ pbgp bg{ kohj po `jemfj bm{ hgffj|# g{ bj gf` Pmhj{

PU {jji po ~o{mpmof pbj kbgffjc g{ Mf`mg!{ gf{qj| po Eor Fjq{&

\gd`jj~ [g|`j{gm hgfgaj` po lj koh~o{j`# koh~g{{mofgpj gf`

ifoqcjàjglcj gp Bjhgfp Ig|ig|j!{ ezfj|gc# lzp KFF MLF hg`j z~ eo|

pbgp cgpj| l} e|ghmfa pbjm| |j~o|p{ of pbj pj||o| {p|mij{ mf ao|}

a|g~bmk{ pbgp kozc` bguj ljjf lo||oqj` e|oh pbj k|j`mp{ oe g \gh{g}

L|opbj|{ bo||o| houmj& Qmpb pbj |j~o|pj|{# pbj jrkmpjhjfp qg{

zf`j|{pgf`glcj4 mp!{ bg|` po lj kgch qmpb lohl{ aomfa oee# lzccjp{

ec}mfa glozp gf` g cgf`hg|i lzmc`mfa lz|fmfa mf e|ofp oe }oz& Lzp

pbj|j qj|j g{~jkp{ oe pbj kouj|gaj pbgp `m`f!p `j{j|uj pbj ljfjemp

oe pbj òzlp&


14/21

@z|mfa pbj k|m{m{# pbj eo|ja|ozf`mfa oe pbj Pgd qg{ mfjumpglcj& Mp

qg{ pbj {mpj oe pbj cofaj{p lgppcj gf` pbj bm`joz{ `|ghg oe mp{

fjg|(`j{p|zkpmof qg{ lozf` po lj e|ghj` l} gf} {jf{mlcj kghj|ghgf&

Lzp mp!{ {pmcc qo|pb hgimfa pbj ~omfp [b}gh Ljfjagc hg`j# pbgp pbj`otjf{ oe ~jo~cj imccj` mf UP "o| K[P- {pgpmof gf` pbjm| a|mjumfa

|jcgpmuj{ gf` e|mjf`{ aop uj|} cmppcj {k|jjf pmhj& Qbjf UP emaz|j`mf pbj kouj|gaj# mp qg{ pbj|j eo| KKPU a|gl{ oe pbj P({bm|pj`

pj||o|m{p&

Pbj Pgd# qj qj|j poc` ouj| gf` ouj| gagmf# m{ gf !mkofmk! lzmc`mfa&

M pbmfi qj kgf {g} qmpbozp kofp|ouj|{} pbgp Umkpo|mg Pj|hmfz{ m{

hzkb pbj a|jgpj| cgf`hg|i lopb g|kbmpjkpz|gcc} gf` mf pj|h{ oe pbj

fzhlj| oe ~jo~cj qbo ~g{{ pb|ozab mp& Mp hg} fop lj !bohj! po pbjh#

mf pbj qg} pbgp pbj Pgd kcjg|c} qg{ eo| pbj hgf} eczjfp bglmpz{ oe

[ozpb Hzhlgm qbo emcj` ~g{p pbj kghj|g{ oe pbj Jfacm{b fjq{

kbgffjc{# lzp ho|j Hzhlgmig|{ bguj pgijf p|gmf{ po gf` e|oh UP pbgf

bguj {gh~cj` pbj bo{~mpgcmp} oe pbj Pgd& Gf` }jp qj `m`f!p bguj

~jo~cj of pjcjum{mof |jhmfm{kmfa glozp pbj {pgpmof gf` qbgp mphjgfp po pbjh# pbgp {po|mj` lzmc`mfa pbgp bg{ ljjf pbj ljamffmfa

gf` pbj jf` oe g lmccmof doz|fj}{& Jujf pbj `jpgmc{ oe pbj imccmfa#

pbj gcj|pfj{{ oe pbj ~zlcmk g``|j{{ {}{pjh o~j|gpo| qbo bg`

~cgpeo|h{ kcjg|j` gf` pbz{ hmfmhmtj` pbj kg|fgaj# p|mkicj` ozpcgpj|# g{ pbj ~cgpeo|h p|gaj`} pbgp bg` bg~~jfj` qg{ jkcm~{j` l}

pbj bopjc p|gaj`} pbgp qg{ {pmcc !l|jgimfa fjq{!&

M kgf!p |jhjhlj| pbj cg{p pmhj pbgp {okmgc kcg{{ {o kcjg|c} `jemfj`

pbj kouj|gaj oe g ~zlcmk jujfp# o| ofj mf qbmkb ~jo~cj {~oij {o

zf{jcekof{kmoz{c} e|oh pbjm| kcg{{ ~o{mpmof{& Pbj Jfacm{b fjq{

kbgffjc{ ljkghj hjag(kbz|kbj{ mf qbmkb bopjc(aomfa Mf`mgf{ eozf`

kgpbg|{m{ gf` kohhzfmof& ^j|{of gepj| ~j|{of kcgmhj` pbj Pgd g{bohj& Hjho|mj{ oe koz|p{bm~# hg||mgaj# kjcjl|gpmof# e|mjf`{bm~# pbj

wzmki koeejj# pbj {guj`(z~(eo| {fgki# pbj {fjgij` cgugpo|} um{mp#

kghj poajpbj| po e|ghj pbj lz|fmfa Pgd mf g bgco oe geejkpmof&

Pbj foujcm{p# G|gumf` G`mag# {gm` mf gf mfpj|umjq qmpb pbj LLK4

,Ofj oe pbj `meej|jfkj{ ljpqjjf Mf`mg gf` opbj| kozfp|mj{ m{ pbgp g

cop oe oz| kmumk {~gkj m{ kofpgmfj` qmpbmf pbj emuj({pg| bopjc{&

Pbj} bguj g `meej|jfp ezfkpmof bj|j eo| z{# pbj} g|j ~cgkj{ qbj|j

hg||mgaj{ bg~~jf# qbj|j ~jo~cj oe gcc jkofohmk lgkia|ozf`{ ao eo| g

koeejj& Eo| pbj Pgd Hgbgc po lj gppgkij` m{ {ohjqbgp cmij pbj poqfbgcc ljmfa gppgkij` mf {ohj opbj| ~cgkj&&& &, M!` qgaj| pbgp == ~j|

kjfp oe UP!{ kohhzpj|{ bgujf!p {jjf pbj mf{m`j oe pbj [jg Cozfaj&Qbgpjuj| jc{j pbj} g|j# emuj({pg| j{pglcm{bhjfp{ mf Mf`mg g|j fop

`jhok|gpmk kmumk {~gkj{& Ejq Hzhlgmig|{ pbmfi pbj Pgd Hgbgc Bopjc

m{ pbjm| kmp}!{ bpjc `j umccj&

Pbj P|m`jfp# ljmfa cj{{ !mkofmk!# `m`f!p ajp wzmpj pbj {ghj

gppjfpmof g{ pbj Pgd# lzp mp qg{f!p cjep ozp& [bjibg| Az~pg z{j`

bm{ koczhf of pbj j`mp(~gaj oe pbj Mf`mgf Jr~|j{{ po q|mpj g

pboz{gf`(qo|` bohgaj po pbj P|m`jfp& Pbm{ mfkcz`j` j{k|m~pmof{ oe


15/21

bm{ {cjj~mfa ~|jej|jfkj{# pbj fzhlj| oe fmabp{ bj bg` coaaj` gp pbj

P|m`jfp gf` pbj kof{m`j|gpjfj{{ oe pbj bopjc {pgee&

Pbm{ pgij{ z{ lgki po pbgp pbm|` bopjc# pbj ofj qj ljagf qmpb# lgki

po [mhm Ag|jqgc of pbj po~ ecoo| oe pbj Eoz| [jg{of{# cooimfa òqfgp pbj {czh{ ljcoq bj|# geczppj| qmpb {mfm{pj| ecga{& Eo|ajp pbj

egkp pbgp {bj hm{pooi M{cghmk ecga{ eo| ^gim{pgfm ofj{9 gf}ofj kgfhgij g hm{pgij# gf` {bj!{ g~ocoamtj` eo| bj|{& Qbgp!{ mfpj|j{pmfa

bj|j m{ pbj cgki oe jhlg||g{{hjfp qmpb qbmkb {bj ~mkpz|j{ bj|{jce

gf` ~jo~cj(cmij( bj| {pg|mfa òqf `m{g~~|oumfac} e|oh g a|jgp# gm|(

kof`mpmofj` bjmabp gp boujc{ gf` {wzgco|&

Z{zgcc}# ~|mumcjaj` Jfacm{b({~jgimfa Mf`mgf{ bguj pbj pgkp po lj

~ocmpmkgcc} ko||jkp mf pbjm| ~zlcmk {pgpjhjfp{9 lzp mf pbj hm``cj

oe pj||o| gf` p|gaj`}# pbj {jf{j oe {okmgc {jce(~|j{j|ugpmof pbgp

ijj~{ pbjh e|oh k|g{{fj{{# `m{g~~jg|{& ,Ao po pbj Eoz| [jg{of{ gf`

cooi òqf e|oh pbj po~ ecoo| gp pbj {czh{ g|ozf` }oz&, Pbgp !}oz!

m{ z{4 Pjcja|g~b(|jg`mfa# bopjc(aomfa ~jo~cj# qbo# mf pbj bjgp oe

pbj hohjfp gf` ljkgz{j oe pbj `jgpb oe ~jo~cj qj ifoq "o| ifoq oe-#ljkohj pbj qo|c`&

Jfacm{b gf` Ghj|mkgf ~g~j|{ p|jgpj` pbj pj||o| gppgki g{ gf g{{gzcp

of pbj Qj{p& Pbj pj||o|m{p{ bg`# gepj| gcc# {~jkmemkgcc} cooij` eo|Ghj|mkgf gf` L|mpm{b kmpmtjf{ po hz|`j|& M|ofmkgcc}# jujf g{ F@PU#

KFF(MLF gf` Pmhj{ Foq ~zp bopjc azj{p{ gp pbj bjg|p oe pbj bo||o|

gf` lzh~j` p|gmf kohhzpj|{ po mp{ ~j|m~bj|}# oc`j| Jfacm{b({~jgimfa

~jo~cj{ kozfpj` pbjm| `jg` gf` `mhc} |ja|jppj` gcc Mf`mgf

kg{zgcpmj{ g{ koccgpj|gc `ghgaj& Mf pbgp |j{m`zgc kgpjao|}# me

foqbj|j jc{j# pbj Mf`mgf `jg` |jhgmfj` ofj ^jo~cj&

@jgpb Oe G [gcj{hgf Gf` Opbj| Jcmpj M|ofmj{

Pg|zf D Pjd~gc

\obmfpof Hgcoo qg{ {bop òmfa pqo pbmfa{ bj jfdo}j` mhhjf{jc}& Jgpmfa aoo` eoo` gf` po{{mfa

fjq m`jg{& Bj qg{ ghofa pbj 7; `mfj|{ gp pbj Igf`gbg|# P|m`jfp(Olj|om# qbo qj|j hg|kbj` ozp

ofpo pbj {j|umkj {pgm|kg{j# o{pjf{mlc} g{ bo{pgaj{& Lzp pbj imccj|{ bg` fopbmfa po lg|agmf eo|& Pbj

gf{qj|{ po pbj lma wzj{pmof{ Lgl|m Hg{dm`# Azdg|gp# Hz{cmh ~j|{jkzpmof qj|j lj}of` pbj

~oqj| oe gf}ofj po `jcmuj| fjgpc} po pbj bopjc coll}& Pbj {hgcc ofj{ oe hofj} gf`

hgpj|mgcm{h pbjm| k|gtj` mfòkp|mfgpmof bg` gc|jg`} pgijf pbjh qjcc lj}of`& Qmpb pbj emfgc

lgfgcmp} oe gcc egfgpmkm{h# ecgzfpmfa pbj ~g|gòr oe ho`j|f pjkbfocoa} gf` hj`mjugc ej|uoz|

GI(01 mf ofj bgf`9 holmcj ~bofj mf pbj opbj| pbj imccj|{ g{ij` pbjm| hmf`j|{# Z`gf `jmf?Pbj hmf`j|# ~|olglc} g hgmfpgmfj| oe koc` {pgpm{pmk{# {gm`# Z`g ò&

\obmfpof kgzabp {jujf lzccjp{# gf` l} pbj pmhj bm{ lo`} qg{ |jkouj|j`# mp kozc` ofc} lj

m`jfpmemj` l} pbj |mfa of bm{ emfaj|& \obmfpof qg{ dz{p 02# qmpb pqo pjjfgaj kbmc`|jf# gf` g

bzf`|j` ~cgf{& G ejq oe pbj{j bg` po ò qmpb PJBJCIG# qbj|j bj qg{ g {p|gpjamk gùm{o| eo| pbj

cg{p pqo }jg|{& G{ Mf`mgf{# qj {jcòh bguj g aoo` qo|` po {g} glozp pbj cmumfa# lzp mf pbj `jg`

qj `m{kouj| um|pzj{ pbgp {p|gmf pbj mhgamfgpmof& ^j|bg~{ mp bg{ po ò qmpb g {p|gfaj hmr oe `|mumfajfu} gf` lcmf`mfa ~mjp}& Cjp hj dz{p {g} \obmfpof qg{ kbg|m{hgpmk# ghlmpmoz{# gf` g hgf oe bm{

pmhj# gf` ~cgkj& Pbj pmhj qg{ gcqg}{ foq# gf` mf bm{ ozp{pgf`mfa kg|jj| mf hj`mg hg|ijpmfa# bj


16/21

qg{ juj| gp pbj kzppmfa jàj oe pbj fjq mf pbj k|jgpmof oe [pg| Fjpqo|i{# gf` g {ko|j oe

ujfpz|j{ of pbj qjl& Pbj ~cgkj qg{ gcqg}{ Hzhlgm# pbj kmp} bj a|jq z~ mf gf` cmuj` mf# gf` bj

jrjh~cmemj` mp{ gppmpz`j{4 pbj bjòfm{h# pbj ajp(ao# pbj jg{} ~cz|gcm{h&

Eo| hj pbj|j m{ g `jj~ m|of} mf bm{ `jgpb& Bj qg{ imccj` l} qbgp bj {jp uj|} cmppcj {po|j l}& Mf bm{

juj|} hjjpmfa qmpb z{# bj qg{ ljhz{j` gf` lgeecj` l} PJBJCIG{ ol{j{{muj jfagajhjfp qmpb

~ocmpmk{& Bj qg{ wzmpj {z|j fo ofj oe bm{ kcg{{ oz| kcg{{ qg{ mfpj|j{pj` mf pbj {zldjkp&

ôcmpmk{ bg~~jfj` jc{jqbj|j# g |ja|jppglcj lz{mfj{{ kg||mj` ozp l} zf{guoz|} kbg|gkpj|{& Ho{pc}#

mp bg` fopbmfa po ò qmpb oz| cmuj{& Jujfpzgcc}# {mppmfa pb|ozab oz| ~ocmpmkgc |gfpmfa# bj kghj po

a|zàmfac} gkkj~p qj hg} bguj {ohj imf` oe g kg{j& Lzp bj |jhgmfj` zfkofumfkj` oe mp{kohhj|kmgc umglmcmp}& Oz| imf` oe |jg`j|{ qj|j mfpj|j{pj` mf opbj| pbmfa{# qbmkb qj|j aj|hgfj po

pbjm| cmuj{ eoo`# emch{# k|mkijp# eg{bmof# amtho{# pjcjum{mof# bjgcpb gf` pbj {p|gpjamj{ oe

{j`zkpmof& ôcmpmk{# gp lj{p# qg{ {ohjpbmfa pbj} jf`z|j`&

Mf pbj jf`# ~ocmpmk{ imccj` \obmfpof# gf` g ejq bzf`|j` opbj| mffokjfp{& Mf pbj emfgc kozfp#

~ocmpmk{# juj|} {mfacj `g}# m{ imccmfa# mh~ouj|m{bmfa# {pg|umfa# `jfma|gpmfa# hmccmof{ oe Mf`mgf{ gcc

gk|o{{ pbj kozfp|}& Me pbj lgki`|o~ qj|j fop {o bjg|pl|jgimfa# pbj {~jkpgkcj oe pbj fgpmof{ jcmpj

pbj ijj~j|{ oe ho{p oe oz| qjgcpb gf` ~|mumcjaj e|opbmfa of pjcjum{mof {k|jjf{ gf`

{k|jghmfa pb|ozab holmcj ~bofj{ qozc` lj ghz{mfa& Pbj} bguj ljjf ozp|gaj` ljkgz{j pbj

jf`z|mfa p|gaj`} oe Mf`mg bg{ {z``jfc} g||muj` mf pbjm| hg|lcj` ~|jkmfkp{& Pbj Pgd# pbj Olj|om&

Qj `mfj bj|j& Qj {cjj~ bj|j& M{ fopbmfa {gk|o{gfkp mf pbm{ kozfp|} gf} ho|j?Qbgp pbj Mf`mgf jcmpj m{ `m{kouj|mfa po`g} of pbj `jl|m{ oe egfk} jgpj|mj{ m{ gf gkm`mk p|zpb cg|aj

fzhlj|{ oe o|`mfg|} Mf`mgf{ g|j eo|kj` po {qgccoq juj|} `g}& Kbmc`|jf qbo `mj oe hgcfzp|mpmof#

eg|hj|{ qbo kohhmp {zmkm`j# `gcmp{ qbo g|j |g~j` gf` hg{{gk|j`# p|mlgc{ qbo g|j pz|ej` ozp oe

kjfpz|}oc` bglmpgp{# ~jg{gfp{ qbo{j cgf`{ g|j pgijf ouj| eo| kg| egkpo|mj{# hmfo|mpmj{ qbo g|j

lczàjofj` mfpo ~g|gfomg pbj{j# gf` hgf} opbj|{# ifoq pbgp {ohjpbmfa m{ a|o{{c} q|ofa& Pbj

{}{pjh òj{ fop qo|i# pbj {}{pjh m{ k|zjc# pbj {}{pjh m{ zfdz{p# pbj {}{pjh jrm{p{ po ofc} {j|uj

pbo{j qbo |zf mp& K|zkmgcc}# qbgp qj# pbj jcmpj# fjj` po zf`j|{pgf` m{ pbgp ho{p oe z{ g|j koh~cmkmp

mf pbj {}{pjh& Mf egkp# kbgfkj{ g|j pbj ho|j qj bguj oe ~|mumcjaj gf` hofj} pbj ho|jmfuj{pj` qj g|j mf pbj {bo|mfa z~ oe gf zfegm| {pgpj&

MP M[ pmhj jgkb ofj oe z{ zf`j|{poo` pbgp gp pbj bjg|p oe juj|} {okmjp} m{

mp{ ~ocmpmk{& Me pbj ~ocmpmk{ m{ pbm|`(|gpj# pbj kof`mpmof oe pbj {okmjp} qmcc

lj fo ljppj|& Eo| poo hgf} `jkg`j{ foq# pbj jcmpj oe Mf`mg bg{ qg{bj`mp{ bgf`{ oee pbj kozfp|}{ ~ocmpmk{& Jfpm|j ajfj|gpmof{ bguj a|oqf z~ umjqmfa mp g{ g `m{pg{pjezc

gkpmump}& Mf gf g{pofm{bmfa ~j|uj|{mof# pbj emfj{p mhgamfgpmuj gkp oe pbj cg{p pboz{gf` }jg|{ of pbj

{zlkofpmfjfp# pbj k|jgpmof gf` ecoqj|mfa oe pbj m`jg oe ho`j|f Mf`mg pb|ozab hg{{ ~ocmpmk{# bg{

eo| pbj cg{p 0> }jg|{ ljjf |jf`j|j` mfe|g `ma# `kcg{{# zfkooc& Cjp z{ lcghj oz| ~g|jfp{# gf` cjp

oz| kbmc`|jf lcghj z{# eo| fop ljwzjgpbmfa ofqg|`{ pbj {bjj| ljgzp} oe g koccjkpmuj um{mof#

koccjkpmuj qmcc# gf` koccjkpmuj gkpmof& Mf g qo|`# ~ocmpmk{4 qbmkb# gp mp{ lj{p# k|jgpj` pbj qof`j| oe

g cmlj|gc gf` `jhok|gpmk m`jg# gf` gp mp{ qo|{p pb|jgpjf{ po pjg| mp òqf&

Qj {pgf` egzcpj` pbjf mf pqo qg}{& Eo| pz|fmfa oz| lgki of pbj koccjkpmuj jf`jguoz|9 gf` eo| oz|

~g{{muj jhl|gkj oe pbj {pgpz{ wzo& Pbm{ m{ mf jwzgc ~g|p{ `zj po {jcem{b mf{pmfkp gf` po {bgccoq

pbmfimfa& [mfkj {bmfmfa Mf`mg m{ lg{mkgcc} ofc} glozp z{ ajppmfa gf jujf a|jgpj| {bg|j oe pbj ~mj#

qj bguj ljjf bg~~} po lz} mp{ bgce(p|zpb{# gf` cooi gqg} e|oh pbj |j{p oe pbj {o|`m` {po|}& Cmij

gcc jcmpj{# bm{po|mkgcc}# pbgp bguj ~|j{m`j` ouj| pbj `jkcmfj oe pbjm| {okmjpmj{# qj eokz{ poo hzkb oeoz| jfj|a} of gkwzm|mfa gf` kof{zhmfa# gf` poo cmppcj of pbmfimfa gf` `jko`mfa& Jaaj` of l} g

bjcmzh hj`mg# qj jrbgz{p oz|{jcuj{ pb|ozab ~g|or}{h{ ouj| ugkgfp kjcjl|mpmj{ gf` p|mumg# wzmpjbg~~} fop po {jj qbgp hmabp kgz{j z{ `m{koheo|p&

Eo| }jg|{# mp bg{ ljjf jum`jfp pbgp qj g|j g {okmjp} ljmfa {}{pjhgpmkgcc} boccoqj` ozp l}

mfjwzgcmp}# ko||z~pmof# lmaop|} gf` cgki oe dz{pmkj& Pbj ~cgfi{ oe ~zlcmk `m{koz|{j bguj

mfk|jg{mfac} ljjf `mum{muj# qm`jfmfa pbj egzcpcmfj{ oe kg{pj# cgfazgaj# |jcmamof# kcg{{# kohhzfmp}

gf` |jamof& G{ pbj jcmpj oe pbj ho{p koh~cjr {okmjp} mf pbj qo|c`# qj bguj egmcj` po {jj pbgp qj


17/21

g|j |gpkbjpj` mfpo gf mfp|mkgpj e|ghjqo|i# ezcc oe kgz{gc cmfi{# qbj|j ofj q|ofa qo|` ljajp{

gfopbj|# ofj bo||memk jujfp cjg`{ po gfopbj|& Qbj|j ofj hgf{ hm{j|} qmcc jujfpzgcc} p|maaj|

gfopbj|{&

Cjp{ p|gki ofj kgz{gc kbgmf& Pbj Kofa|j{{ k|jgpj{ Dg|fgmc [mfab Lbmf`|gfqgcj po fjzp|gcm{j pbj

Gigcm{9 Lbmf`|gfqgcj k|jgpj{ pj||o|m{h9 Mf`m|g Agf`bm houj{ gagmf{p pj||o|m{h9 pj||o|m{h

g{{g{{mfgpj{ Mf`m|g Agf`bm9 lcghjcj{{ [mib{ g|j {cgzabpj|j` mf @jcbm9 mf pbj koz|{j oe g `jkg`j#

fzhlj|cj{{ mffokjfp{# hmcmpgfp{# gf` {jkz|mp}hjf `mj& Cjp{ p|gki gfopbj|& Pbj LD^ pgij{ ozp gf

mfecghhgpo|} |gpb }gp|g9 mfecghj` ig| {jqgi{ ~zcc òqf pbj Lgl|m Hg{dm`9 |mop{ jf{zj9 ujfajezc

Hz{cmh{ p|maaj| Hzhlgm lcg{p{9 7> }jg|{ cgpj| g loaj} oe ig| {jqgi{ m{ lz|fp mf Azdg|gp9 mf pbjfjrp qjji >> Hz{cmh{ g|j {cgzabpj|j`9 {mr }jg|{ cgpj| |jpgcmgpo|} umocjfkj kofpmfzj{& Cjp{

p|gki ofj ho|j& Mf pbj jg|c} 7=0>{# mf pbj hm`{p oe pbj e|jjòh houjhjfp# ~gp|mkmgf Hz{cmh{

`jhgf` g {j~g|gpj bohjcgf`9 Hgbgphg Agf`bm o~~o{j{ mp9 pbj L|mpm{b {z~~o|p mp9 ^g|pmpmof

jf{zj{9 g hmccmof ~jo~cj g|j {cgzabpj|j`9 eoz| qg|{ eoccoq9 pqo kozfp|mj{ `|gmf jgkb opbj| pb|ozab

|bjpo|mk gf` ~om{of9 fzkcjg| g|{jfgc{ g|j lzmcp9 bopjc{ mf Hzhlgm g|j gppgkij`&

MF JGKB oe pbj{j |ozab kgz{gc kbgmf{# pbj|j m{ ofj pbmfa mf kohhof& Pbjm| o|mamf mf pbj

`jkm{mof{ oe pbj jcmpj& Mfpj|cgkj` qmpb fzhlj|cj{{ cmfj{ oe ~opjfpmgc `mum{mujfj{{# pbj Mf`mg

e|ghjqo|i m{ bmabc} `jcmkgpj gf` koh~cmkgpj`& Mp m{ k|mpmkgc eo| pbj jcmpj po zf`j|{pgf` pbj

e|ghjqo|i# gf` mp{ |ocj mf mp& Pbj jcmpj bg{ mp{ bgf`{ of pbj cjuj|{ oe kg~mpgc# mfeczjfkj gf`

~|mumcjaj& Mp kgf emr pbj e|ghjqo|i& Mp bg{ hzkb po amuj# gf` mp hz{p amuj ajfj|oz{c}& Pbj hg{{#qmpb fopbmfa mf mp{ bgf`{# fopbmfa po amuj# kgf ozp oe e|z{p|gpmof gf` gfaj|# ofc} ~zcc mp gcc òqf&

Gf` qbjf pbj uockgfo lcoq{# |mkb gf` ~oo| lz|f gcmij&

Gf` {o qbgp {bozc` qj lj òmfa? Qjcc# {k|jghmfa gp ~ocmpmkmgf{ m{ kj|pgmfc} fop ~ocmpmkgc

jfagajhjfp& Gf` gm|} {okmgcmpj{ `jhgf`mfa pbj kg|~jp(lohlmfa oe ^gim{pgf gf` pbj lo}kopp oe

pgrj{ g|j ~cgmf gl{z|`# dz{p gfopbj| fjof {maf gùj|pm{mfa {bgccoq pbozabp& Mp{ pbj imf` oe `zhl

~zlcmk pbjgp|j pbj hj`mg ozabp po `jepc} {m`j({pj~ |gpbj| pbgf {boqkg{j& Pbj qo|c` m{ gc|jg`}

ouj|({b|mcc qmpb gfmhz{4 qj fjj` po pofj mp òqf# fop g`` po mp& ^gim{pgf m{ mp{jce lg`c} `ghgaj`

l} pbj ecgqj` ~ocmpmk{ gp mp{ bjg|p& Mp fjj`{ bjc~# fop lohlmfa& Dz{p |jhjhlj|# qbjf bg|`lomcj`lz|jgzk|gp{ kcjfkb pbjm| pjjpb# cmppcj kbmc`|jf `mj&

Ho{p oe pbj {bozpmfa oe pbj cg{p ejq `g}{ m{ cmppcj ho|j pbgf ~j|{ofgc kgpbg|{m{ pb|ozab ~zlcmk

ujfpmfa& Pbj egkp m{ pbj ~ocmpmkmgf bg{ ljjf òmfa qbgp qj bguj ljjf òmfa# gf` g{ gf lj| Mf`mgf

bj bg{ ljjf òmfa mp hzkb ljppj|& Qgpkbmfa ozp eo| bmh{jce# ko|fj|mfa hgrmhzh |j{oz|kj# gf`pz|fmfa gqg} e|oh pbj kbgccjfaj oe pbj a|jgpj| aoo`&

Pbj em|{p pbmfa qj fjj` po ò m{ po {wzg|j z~ po pbj p|zpb& Gkifoq cjàj pbj egkp pbgp qj bguj

hg`j g egm| {bghlcj{ oe pbj ~|odjkp oe fgpmof(lzmc`mfa& Emep} hmccmof Mf`mgf{ òmfa qjcc òj{ fop

eo| g a|jgp Mf`mg hgij# amujf pbgp :>> hmccmof g|j a|oujccmfa po {z|umuj& [mrp} }jg|{ gepj|

mf`j~jf`jfkj# mp kgf {gejc} lj {gm` pbgp Mf`mg{ ~ocmpmkgc cjg`j|{bm~ gf` pbj fgpmof{ jcmpj

bguj lg`c} cjp òqf pbj kozfp|}{ `m{~o{{j{{j` gf` q|jpkbj`& Me }oz kg|j po cooi# Mf`mg po`g} m{

bjg|pl|jgi bopjc# qbj|j mfegfp{ `mj cmij ecmj{# gf` jwzgc o~~o|pzfmp} m{ g k|zjc hm|gaj&

Cjp{ lj kcjg| qj g|j fop mf g k|m{m{ ljkgz{j pbj Pgd bopjc qg{ azppj`& Qj g|j mf g k|m{m{ ljkgz{j

{mr }jg|{ gepj| >> Hz{cmh{ qj|j {cgzabpj|j` mf Azdg|gp pbj|j m{ {pmcc fo {maf oe dz{pmkj& Pbm{ m{

pbj {jkof` pbmfa pbj jcmpj fjj` po zf`j|{pgf` gepj| pbj ol{kjfmp} oe a|o{{ mfjwzgcmp}& Pbj ~cmfpb

oe juj|} {okmjp} {mfkj pbj ljamffmfa oe Hgf bg{ ljjf {jp of pbj fopmof oe dz{pmkj& ]oz

kgffop cmabp kgf`cj{ eo| dz{p pbo{j oe }oz| kcg{{ gf` k|jj`& ]oz bguj po {p|mij g lcoq eo| juj|}q|ofaj` kmpmtjf&

Gf` cjp fo ofj pjcc z{ qj fjj` ho|j cgq{& Qj fjj` hjf po mh~cjhjfp pbo{j pbgp qj bguj& Po`g}gcc oz| mf{pmpzpmof{ gf` ~|okj{{j{ g|j egmcmfa z{& Qj bguj koh~|ohm{j` jgkb oe pbjh of pbjm|

ugczj{# pbjm| |olz{pfj{{# pbjm| um{mof gf` pbjm| {jf{j oe egm|~cg}& Foq# gp juj|} k|zkmgc dzfkpz|j qj

`j~jf` of |gfòh gkp{ oe mf`mum`zgc jrkjccjfkj gf` koz|gaj po {guj pbj `g}& A|jgp {}{pjh{#

p|mzh~bgfp {okmjpmj{# g|j ujmfj` qmpb cg``j|{ oe mf{~m|gpmof& Jcjkp|memj` l} pbo{j glouj pbjh# hjf

{p|muj po ò pbjm| uj|} lj{p& Cooi g|ozf`& Boq hgf} kof{pglcj{# bjg` kof{pglcj{# {zl(mf{~jkpo|{


18/21

qozc` |m{i pbjm| cmuj{ eo| pbj `m{bofj{p# qjgi hjf pbj} {j|uj# qbo mf

pz|f {j|uj jujf ho|j koh~|ohm{j` hg{pj|{?

M qm{b \obmfpof bg` {z|umuj` pbj coppj|} oe `jgpb mf Hzhlgm cg{p qjji&

Mf gf mf{pgfp# bj qozc` bguj zf`j|{poo` qbgp qj gcqg}{ qjfp of glozp& Mf`mg{ k|}mfa fjj` m{ fop

jkofohmk pmfij|mfa o| {okmgc jfamfjj|mfa& Mp m{ g ~ocmpmkgc ouj|bgzc# g ~ocmpmkgc kcjgf{mfa& G{ mp

ofkj `m` po k|jgpj g e|jj fgpmof# Mf`mg{ jcmpj {bozc` {pg|p ajppmfa mp{ bgf`{ `m|p} {o pbj} kgf ajp g

kcjgf kozfp|}&

E|oh Pjbjcig Hgagtmfj# Uoc :# M{{zj 0=# @gpj` @jk 7;# >2

PU lcgllj|mfa m{ fop doz|fgcm{h4 Cj{{of{ e|oh pbj cmuj

kouj|gajMGF[

Pbz|{`g}# @jkjhlj| >0# >2 7


19/21

Gp pbgp uj|} ~omfp# of gfopbj| kbgffjc# g |j~o|pj| qg{ mfeo|hmfa umjqj|{ pbgp pbj {boopmfa qg{ of

^cgpeo|h{ Fo& 70 gf` Fo& 7:# e|oh qbj|j cofa `m{pgfkj p|gmf{ cjguj&

Cgpj| mf pbj `g} pbj Mf`mgf \gmcqg}{ `jfmj` pbj|j bg` ljjf gf} em|mfa gp pbj {pgpmof of pbgp `g}&

Mf pbj kouj|gaj oe g |zffmfa {po|}# zfeoc`mfa mp{jce {mhzcpgfjoz{c} gp `meej|jfp cokgpmof{# mfgkkz|gpj

mfeo|hgpmof k|jj~mfa mf m{ fop jfpm|jc} zfz{zgc& Boqjuj|# mf pbm{ mf{pgfkj# pbj|j m{ |jg{of po {z{~jkp pbgp

|j~o|pj|{# jgaj| po l|jgi fjq{# bg` aofj of gm| qmpbozp qgmpmfa eo| kofem|hgpmof e|oh jmpbj| pbj ~ocmkj o|

pbj |gmcqg}{# pbj pqo {oz|kj{ pbgp kozc` lj |jcmj` z~of eo| mfeo|hgpmof glozp g {boopmfa mfkm`jfp mf g

|gmcqg} {pgpmof&

Of pbj pbm|` `g}# g{ pbj Pgd fmabphg|j qg{ `|gqmfa po g kco{j# pbj gfkbo| gf` |j~o|pj| oe g kbgffjc qj|j

jfagaj` mf g bj|omk jeeo|p po hgij {jf{j ozp oe {ozf`{ jhj|amfa e|oh pbj bopjc& Gkko|`mfa po pbj Fgpmofgc

[jkz|mp} Azg|`# g cofj pj||o|m{p qg{ {pmcc boc`mfa ozp mf{m`j pbj bopjc gp pbj pmhj&

Pbj |j~o|pj|# k|ozkbmfa of pbj a|ozf`# `|jq pbj umjqj|{! gppjfpmof po azfem|j& Pbj gfkbo| g{ij` e|oh

qbmkb ecoo| mp qg{ kohmfa& ,Em|{p ecoo|#, {gm` pbj |j~o|pj|& Ho|j jr~co{mof{ eoccoqj`& Qbjf pbj {jujfpb

jr~co{mof qg{ |j~o|pj`# pbj gfkbo| g{ij` qbj|j mp qg{ kohmfa e|oh# pbj {ghj ecoo| o| {ohjqbj|j jc{j&

Pbj |j~o|pj| {gm` pbm{ ofj g~~jg|j` po lj e|oh pbj a|ozf` ecoo|& Pbj pqo pbjf {~jkzcgpj` of pbj

~o{{mlmcmp} oe pbj cofj pj||o|m{p houmfa e|oh ofj ecoo| po gfopbj| g{ pbozab bm{ ~|jkm{j cokgpmof qg{ g

k|zkmgc hgppj|&

Cmij pbj fgpmofgc kbgffjc{# KFF gf` LLK gc{o ~|oum`j` jrpjf`j` cmuj kouj|gaj oe pbj pj||o| {p|mij& [mfkj

pbj} `m` fop bguj pbjm| oqf kghj|g{ gp pbj {kjfj{ oe gkpmof# pbj} pz|fj` po pbj Mf`mgf kbgffjc{ eo|

um{zgc{& Qbmcj pbj KFF `|jq um{zgc{ e|oh mp{ cokgc ~g|pfj| KFF(MLF# LLK ~mkij` ejj`{ e|oh pbj Bmf`m

kbgffjc{&

Boqjuj|# pbj qo|`{ pbj umjqj|{ bjg|` qj|j pbjm| oqf& Pbj|j qg{ fo hjgfmfacj{{ kbgppj| l} pbj gfkbo|{

gf` ko||j{~of`jfp{& Pbj|j qg{ fo {~jkzcgpmof jmpbj|& Mf{pjg`# pbj|j qj|j |j~o|p{ qbmkb lo|j pbj mh~|mfp

oe ~|oej{{mofgc doz|fgcm{p{&

Cmuj pjcjum{mof bg{ o~jfj` z~ fjq ~o{{mlmcmpmj{& Pbj hg|gpbof Hzhlgm pj||o| kouj|gaj bg{ {boqf pbgp

Mf`mgf fjq{ kbgffjc{ bguj }jp po cjg|f boq po hgij jeejkpmuj z{j oe pbj egkmcmp} pbgp pjkbfocoa} bg{ ~zp

gp pbjm| `m{~o{gc& Pbj} hz{p |jgcmtj pbgp pbj hj`mg!{ dol m{ po agpbj| gf` `m{{jhmfgpj mfeo|hgpmof& [jjmfa

m{ fop ifoqmfa# hzkb cj{{ zf`j|{pgf`mfa& Pbj {mabp{ gf` {ozf`{ pbj {qmpkbj`(of kghj|g ~mki{ z~ bguj po

lj hg`j mfpjccmamlcj po pbj umjqj|{& Lcgllj|mfa l} gfkbo|{ gf` |j~o|pj|{# boq{ojuj| jfpj|pgmfmfa# m{ fop

gf g`jwzgpj {zl{pmpzpj eo| ~|oej{{mofgc |j~o|pmfa&

!Mf`mgf PU kbgffjc{ ol{j{{j` qmpb pb|jj K{!

Gajfkmj{

^o{pj`4 >2(>;(7> 7:4:540:)>:4;> M[PZ~`gpj`4 Hg| 7># >2 gp 7571 b|{ M[PCof`of# Hg|kb 7>44 Pjcjum{mof fjq{ kbgffjc{ mf Mf`mg g|j ol{j{{j` qmpb kjcjl|mp} kzcpz|j qbmkb

kjfp|j{ of Locc}qoo` qbmcj pbj pb|jj K{ ( kmfjhg# k|mhj gf` k|mkijp jfkg~{zcgpj ho{p oe pbjm|

kofpjfp# gkko|`mfa po fjq looi&

Fjq{ kofpjfp of Mf`mgf pjcjum{mof kbgffjc{ bg{ ljkohj bo{pgaj po pbj acolgc {~jkp|j oe

mfeopgmfhjfp g{ |jecjkpj` mf pbj Locc}qoo`mtgpmof oe pbj fjq{ kzcpz|j# {g}{ @g}g I Pbz{{z#

~|oej{{o| gp pbj Zfmuj|{mp} oe Qj{phmf{pj|&


20/21

Mf bm{ looi pmpcj` Fjq{ g{ Jfpj|pgmfhjfp4 Pbj \m{j oe Acolgc Mfeopgmfhjfp# Pbz{{z cooi{ gp pbj

|m{j oe mfeopgmfhjfp ( pbj hj|amfa oe mfeo|hgpmof gf` jfpj|pgmfhjfp ( gk|o{{ pbj acolj&

Pbj pb|jj K{ ( kmfjhg# k|mhj gf` k|mkijp ( jfkg~{zcgpj ho{p oe pbj kofpjfp of Mf`mgf pjcjum{mof

fjq{ ~|oa|ghhj{& Pbj pb|jj K{ g|j mf`mkgpmuj oe g pjcjum{mof fjq{ kzcpz|j pbgp m{ mfk|jg{mfac}

ljkohmfa bo{pgaj po mfeopgmfhjfp# bj q|mpj{&Pbz{{z g``{ pbgp pbj a|oqmfa pglcom`mtgpmof oe pjcjum{mof fjq{ |jecjkpj` pbj mfeczjfkj oe pbj

\z~j|p Hz|òkb jeejkp of fjq{ gf` kz||jfp geegm|{ pjcjum{mof mf Mf`mg&Mp kgf lj g|azj`# bj q|mpj{# pbgp pbj m`jocoamkgc mh~j|gpmuj{ oe mfeopgmfhjfp qj|j `jlg{mfa pbj

wzgcmp} oe ~zlcmk `jcmlj|gpmof{ mf pbj qo|c`{ cg|aj{p `jhok|gk}&

Mf g {j~g|gpj kbg~pj| pmpcj` Mf`mgf mfeopgmfhjfp4 pbj Locc}qoo`mtgpmof oe PU fjq{# Pbz{{z

p|gkj{ pbj bm{po|} oe pbj a|oqpb oe pjcjum{mof mf Mf`mg# gf` fopj{ pbgp Mf`mgf pjcjum{mof fjq{ foq

`jhof{p|gpj` g acolgc p|jf` poqg|`{ mfeopgmfhjfp&

PU kbgffjc{ |g~~j` eo| kouj|gaj oe pj||o| gppgki{9 aoup ~|o~o{j{ azm`jcmfj{

Pqo PU kbgffjc{ bguj ljjf {j|uj` {boq kgz{j fopmkj{ eo| |j~o|pmfa of pbj pj||o| {p|mij{ of

Hzhlgm mf g hgffj| pbgp k|jgpj` mf{jkz|mp} ghofa ~jo~cj g{ qjcc g{ jf`gfaj|j` pbj cmuj{ oe lopb

pbj {jkz|mp} eo|kj{ gf` ~jo~cj kgzabp z~ mf pbj gppgki{Pbj Mfeo|hgpmof gf` L|og`kg{pmfa "M%L- hmfm{p|} bg{ m{{zj` {boq kgz{j fopmkj{ po pqo pjcjum{mof

kbgffjc{ eo| pbjm| |j~o|pmfa oe pbj pb|jj(`g} gppgki hozfpj` l} g a|oz~ oe pj||o|m{p{ of {juj|gc

cokgpmof{ mf Hzhlgm# of Foujhlj| 2& Mp bg{ gc{o ~|o~o{j` {jppmfa z~ g kohhmppjj po e|ghj

azm`jcmfj{ eo| |j~o|pmfa mf kohlgp {mpzgpmof{&

Pjcjum{mof kghj|g{ qj|j gccoqj` uj|} kco{j po pbj pb|jj hgmf cokgpmof{ qbj|j pbj pj||o| {p|mij

kofpmfzj` eo| pb|jj `g}{# gf` qj|j glcj po |jcg} g {jkof`(l}({jkof` gkkozfp oe pbj {mjaj gf`

gppjh~p{ l} pbj {jkz|mp} eo|kj{ po |jcjg{j ~jo~cj p|g~~j` mf{m`j lzmc`mfa{&

Mf`mg PU qg{ {j|uj` g fopmkj eo| gm|mfa g kofuj|{gpmof qmpb g pj||o|m{p `z|mfa pbj gppgki&

[zl{jwzjfpc}# pbj M%L hmfm{p|} {jfp gf gùm{o|} po gcc fjq{ gf` kz||jfp geegm|{ kbgffjc{# of

@jkjhlj| 0# >2# gùm{mfa pbjh po {po~ l|og`kg{pmfa |j~o|p{ pbgp kozc` {bgij ~jo~cj{

kofem`jfkj mf pbj Mf`mgf ~ocmp}# gf` ~|jujfp pbj fgpmof e|oh |jpz|fmfa po fo|hgck} l} |j~jgpj`c}

{boqmfa ao|} `jpgmc{ oe pbj gppgki{&

\j~jgpj` um{zgc{ gf` {po|mj{ ~j|pgmfmfa po pbj gppgki# qbmkb qozc` hgij pbj ~j|~jp|gpo|{ ejjc

pbjm| gppgki qg{ g {zkkj{{# {bozc` lj guom`j`& Pbj hj`mg m{ bj|jl} gùm{j` po ~cg} pbj ~o{mpmuj

|ocj mp bg{ mf mp{ ~oqj| po ~cg}# po mf{pmc kofem`jfkj mf pbj kmpmtjf{ gf` {jf` g hj{{gaj po pbj

mfmhmkgc pj||o|m{p eo|kj{ pbgp Mf`mg m{ fop mf `m{g||g}&

Pbj gùm{o|} aoj{ of po qg|f4 Pbj hj`mg m{ gc{o gùm{j` pbgp kofpmfzj` zflgcgfkj` |j~o|pmfa#

qbmkb mfbmlmp{ pbj |j{po|gpmof oe fo|hgck} gf` ~|o~gagpj{ g ejjcmfa oe mf{jkz|mp}# hg} lj p|jgpj`g{ kouj|gaj gagmf{p pbj mfpj|j{p oe pbj fgpmof mf pbj km|kzh{pgfkj{ gf` gpp|gkp g~~|o~|mgpj gkpmof g{

~j| |zcj{ gf` g{ ~j| pbj pj|h{ gf` kof`mpmof{ oe pbj ~j|hm{{mof a|gfpj` eo| z~cmfimfa gf`

òqfcmfimfa oe PU kbgffjc{ mf Mf`mg&

^|mo| po pbj gùm{o|}# of Foujhlj| 2 pbj M%L hmfm{p|} {zhhofj` fjq{ hj`mg oqfj|{

gcofa qmpb pbj Mf`mgf L|og`kg{pmfa Ej`j|gpmof "MLE- gf` Fjq{ L|og`kg{pmfa G{{okmgpmof "FLG-

kbmje{ po jr~|j{{ kofkj|f ouj| kouj|gaj oe pbj pj||o| gppgki{ l} pbj fgpmofgc fjq{ kbgffjc{&Pbj kouj|gaj qg{ {jjf g{ bg|hezc jfozab eo| pbj ~ocmkj po lcgki ozp fjq{ kbgffjc{ `z|mfa pbj

`g}& Gf o|`j| {jfp l} pbj `j~zp} kohhm{{mofj| oe ~ocmkj {gm` pbgp pbj p|gf{hm{{mof oe ug|moz{

kcm~~mfa{/cmuj |jcg}/kouj|gaj oe pbj gkpmof{ ljmfa pgijf l} pbj ~ocmkj gagmf{p pbj pj||o|m{p{ mf {ozpb

Hzhlgm m{ kgz{mfa mh~j`mhjfp mf pbj ~ocmkj gkpmof pbj|jl} jf`gfaj|mfa pbj cmuj{ oe pbj ~ocmkj

~j|{offjc g{ gc{o oe pbj bo{pgaj{& Pbj aouj|fhjfp# boqjuj|# mfpj|ujfj` gf` kgfkjccj` pbj o|`j|&

Pbj {jkof` fjq{ kbgffjc po lj {j|uj` g {boq kgz{j fopmkj m{ Ggd Pgi& Pbj fopmkj qg{ m{{zj` of

@jkjhlj| :# >2# eo| g |j~o|p pbgp mp bg` pjcjkg{p `z|mfa pbj pj||o| gppgki gf` qbmkb pbj hmfm{p|}


21/21

pbozabp qg{ hm{cjg`mfa&

Qmpb fo ko`j oe kof`zkp mf ~cgkj eo| |j~o|pmfa of {zkb jujfp{# PU kbgffjc{ bguj pbj e|jj`oh po

|j~o|p qbgpjuj| pbj} qgfp po& Gp pbj hjjpmfa pbgp pbj MLE gf` FLG bg` qmpb pbj hmfm{p|}# hj`mg

oqfj|{ |j~o|pj`c} g|azj` pbgp pbj|j qg{# gp ~|j{jfp# cgki oe {p|zkpz|j` mfeo|hgpmof e|oh pbj

aouj|fhjfp po pbj l|og`kg{p hj`mg& Ho|jouj|# pbj|j qg{ fo kcg|mp} of oeemkmgc{ pbgp kozc` ljkofpgkpj` po uj|me} o| k|o{{(kbjki mfeo|hgpmof&

Of @jkjhlj| 1# pbj aouj|fhjfp {gm` mp qozc` {jp z~ g kohhmppjj po e|ghj azm`jcmfj{ eo| kouj|gajoe kohlgp {mpzgpmof{& Qj bguj cjg|fp oz| cj{{of gf` qmcc {oof e|ghj g hjkbgfm{h gf` ~ocmk} mf

pbm{ |jag|`# {gm` Hmfm{pj| oe [pgpj eo| Mfeo|hgpmof gf` L|og`kg{pmfa Gfgf` [bg|hg& Pbj

kohhmppjj qmcc koh~|m{j |j~|j{jfpgpmuj{ e|oh pbj J`mpo|{ Azmc` gf` FLG gf` qmcc lj bjg`j` l}

pbj {jk|jpg|}# M%L&

[oz|kj4 Pbj Mf`mgf Jr~|j{{# @jkjhlj| 2# >2

media complicity in mumbai terror

Documents