mechline developments. fats oil grease. fog. food service

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Mechline Developments. Fats Oil & Grease. FOG. Food Service and Facilities. June 2020

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Page 1: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

Mechline Developments.

Fats Oil & Grease. FOG.Food Service and Facilities.

June 2020

Page 2: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFat Oil & Grease and Foodservice

FOG Challenges to Food Operations• Can cause drain blockages – usually externally.• Costly to rectify and require ongoing maintenance• Illegal to pollute! Water Industry Act

– Although, prosecutions are rare – difficult ! ‘Evidence’.• Blockage clearance is inconvenient to any business

- no drains, no operations!• Bad/negative PR• Hygiene & safety risk• Odours & infestations

Page 3: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFat Oil & Grease and Foodservice

FOG – Myth Busters – The Fatberg !Guardian 2018. Baby wipes and Sanitary Products are causing hundreds of thousands of blockages in the UK sewer system and costing the country £100m every year, according to a new report. The study from Water UK, the trade body representing all of the main water and sewerage companies in the country, found that wipes products made up about 93% of the material causing the sewer blockages. The other 7% was made up of a range of other materials including feminine hygiene products, cotton pads and plastic wrappers. Toilet paper made up just 0.01% of the material blocking our pipes and sewers. Fat, oil and grease only made up 0.5%.

Anglian Water ‐ Nicola Harvey, public relations and media manager at Anglian Water, said wet wipes have become a huge issue in the east of England and are the main causes of monstrous fatbergs blocking our sewers.She said: “We deal with 40,000 blockages a year and 80% of these are caused by things such as wet wipes and sanitary products – costing Anglian Water £19million a year.”

Sidmouth 64metre long Fatbergh ! Scientists from the Greenpeace laboratory, based at the university’s Streatham Campus, also looked at the chemical composition of the fatberg. The results suggested that the fats found were more in keeping with domestic food preparation than commercial food outlets, while the chemicals were those found in personal care products rather than pharmaceuticals or pesticides.

Page 4: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG in the Kitchen

FOG – in the KitchenFOG is a Natural Consequence of Foodservice Operations.

• O&M :Wrong or No equipment – FOG Management. Badly sized & locatedPoor education and training leads to poor practice

• Misuse – pouring oil down sinks• Heavy soiled plates/pans not being pre-cleaned – ‘Dry Wiped’.• Improper disposal of waste products and food waste to drains• No recovery reclaim of FOG

Page 5: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG in the Kitchen

FOG – in the Kitchen (continued)

• Equipment/Design/FacilitiesWhat are the Sources of FOG ?

• Ware washing – dishwash machines, pot wash machines, pot sinks, waste disposers.• Cooking – combination ovens, steamers, bratt pans, kettles, fat

fryers [ oil waste ], woks, • Preparation areas – Meat, Fish, Dairy, Pastry• Floor gullies/drains• Grease traps – poor design, letting FOG through

Page 6: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG – Addressing the Challenge.

To Meet the Challenge

1. Understand Regulations2. Education and Awareness3. Prevention – in Design

Page 7: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in Foodservice1. FOG Regulatory Control

1. The Law – What You Need to Know

• Water Industry Act 1991• Environmental Protection Act 1990• The Building Regulations 2000, amended in April 2002,

part H - EN / BS 1825• Food Safety Act 1990 – Hygiene of Foodstuffs Act –

EC 852• BS 12056 – re: drainage systems inside buildings

Page 8: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG Regulatory Control

The Law – What You need to KnowWater Industry Act 1991111 Restrictions on use of public sewers.(1)…no person shall throw, empty or turn, or suffer or permit to be thrown or emptied or to pass, into any public sewer, or into any drain or sewer communicating with a public sewer—(a) any matter likely to injure the sewer or drain, to interfere with the free flow of its contents or to affect prejudicially the treatment and disposal of its contentsDisposal of Fats, Oils, Grease and Food Waste, Best Management Practice for Catering Outlets British Water UK: Extract: It is a criminal offence under section 111 of the Water Industry Act 1991 to discharge into the public sewers any matter which may interfere with the free flow of wastewater. In addition, where the water company has incurred costs in dealing with the detrimental effects on the sewers e.g. removing blockages cleaning sewers, investigating and remedying flooding or pollution incidents, it can take legal action to recover these costs. Prosecution can result in substantial fines or even imprisonment.

Page 9: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG Regulatory Control

The Law – What You need to KnowEnvironmental Protection Act 1990 Duty of careEvery commercial premises arranging collection and disposal of waste  must comply with the requirements of Section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, which stipulates that all measures be taken by the producer of waste to control its storage and transfer to an authorised person, and to maintain controlled documentation of this. 

The Building Regulations 2010 Drainage and waste disposal (2015 edition) H1 Foul Water Drainage, Section 2 2.21Drainage serving kitchens in commercial hot food premises should be fitted with a grease separator complying with BS EN1825‐1 and designed in accordance with BS EN1825‐2 or other effectivemeans of grease removal.

Page 10: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG Regulatory Control

The Law – What You need to KnowFood Safety Act 1990Under the Food Safety Act 1990, local authorities are authorised to inspect catering premises. Any problems stemming from the effects of FOG on drains, resulting in a failure to comply with the Food Hygiene Regulations which may result in prosecution or an emergency prohibition order preventing trading.

FHR ‐ The regulation sets out objectives for “good hygiene practices” to protect food safety and consumers. This includes ensuring that grease is not allowed to build up and that premises and equipment are cleaned regularly to remove grease and dirt.

The British Standard – BS EN 12056‐1:2000 ‐ Drainage Systems Inside Buildings Paragraph 5.3 Hygiene – “Drainage systems shall be designed and installed so that health and safety of the users and occupiers of the building is not affected, by amongst other things, the penetration of toxic or noxious odours into the building”.Paragraph 5.4 Safety – “Waste water systems shall be designed and installed so that there is protection against escape of odours”Paragraph 5.4.2 “Drainage systems shall be water and gas tight against the operational pressures. Pipe work systems installed inside buildings shall not release vapours and foul air into the building”.

Page 11: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG Regulatory Control

The Law – What You Need to Know – commentary

• Water Companies [ NOT Authorities ! ] – STW, Thames, SW, Anglian, etc.• No unitary body. Self Serving. AD Investments – ‘Business’ • Some make spurious statements about ‘authorised’ products ! There aren’t any !

FEA / CESA statement :FEA has had reports from members about the contradictory attitudes of the various water companies, and the fact that some approve of certain FOG management equipment, while others don’t.  This inconsistency is adding to the confusion.  So what’s allowed?  Essentially there are three types of FOG management equipment.  Grease separators, grease removal units (GRUs) and biological / bacteria based dosing systems.  All three can be effective individually although, in many cases, two will be used together to maximise their impact.  The bottom line is, provided the system is effective, it’s legal.  

From a respected Water Company Network Protection officer.The only legislation the UK Water and Sewerage Companies can work to is the Water Industry Act 1991. All the power conferred by this act allows the WaSC’s to deal with sewer issues ‘in the sewer’.It is an offence to put anything in the sewer ‘likely’ to impede the flow, cause a blockage etc and the resulting offence is caused ‘in the sewer’.There is no regulation, legislation or act of parliament that gives the WaSC’s any power ‘in the kitchen or business’ to guide, inform, legislate, cause or permit ANY equipment to prevent sewer blockages, currently – the WaSC’s can simply deal with the resultant blockages as criminal offences. As it stands, the WaSC’s cannot direct the equipment fitted or the standard to which that equipment works – as there are no standards for this equipment in the UK.As there is no standards and there is no legislation stating that certain equipment can or cannot be used – it is up to the end user, business owner or operator to implement ‘as they see fit’ how they avoid causing sewer blockages from the discharge from a commercial kitchen. The WaSC’s cannot control what equipment is fitted or used for that purpose – they can merely advise of the sewer issues and point out that if blockages are caused by that discharge a ‘criminal prosecution’ may result.

Page 12: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceWhat the Law states and WaSC entitlement. 

What the Law ‘actually’ states is :The legislation regulating FOG management in England and Wales is contained in Section 111 of theWater Industry Act 1991 (the WIA 1991) pursuant to which it is an offence to throw, empty or permit to be thrown or emptied into any public sewer (or drain connecting to a public sewer) anything likely to injure the sewer or drain, to interfere with the free flow of its contents or to prejudicially affect the treatment/disposal of its contents.The WIA 1991 confers on water and sewerage companies (WSCs) in England and Wales powers to deal with sewer issues "in the sewer". The offence under Section 111 of the WIA 1991 relates to a blockage etc. caused "in the sewer'' and does not relate to activities or processes prior to entry to the sewer. The enforcement powers of WSCs only relate to blockages to the sewer. WSCs do have an advisory role regarding items likely to cause blockages and are entitled to express a view as to their preferred FOG management systems. These are advisory only and no enforcement powers attach to them.An end user, business owner or operator can implement such FOG management systems and equipment as they decide are appropriate to their business to effectively prevent the discharge of FOG which may impede or block public sewer flows.• Norton Rose Fulbright – December 2019.

Page 13: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodservicePrivate Properties / Landlords. 

Private Landlords [ Private Drainage / Sewer / Treatment systems ]:Shopping Centres [ e.g. Land Securities  ‐ Bluewater, Stratford, et al ]‘Their’ Rules ! They tend to use 3rd Party ‘Consultants’ – ‘Ventilate’. They will issue Design, Permitted Products and Operational & Maintenance Instructions. High level of Auditing. In simple, they promote a system of attempting to contain all outputs to the FSO / QSR individual site, irrespective of Operations.

The Lessee is obliged by the terms of the tenancy to ‘Comply’. Compliance is a prerequisite. 

Page 14: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceHelp at Hand – Feb 2015. British Water FOG Code of Practice

14

British Water  ‐Food Service IndustryFOG ‐ Code of Practice

Supported and Endorsed by :BHA – British Hospitality AssociationcedaCESA / FEAFCSICIEH – Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.

Contact ceda for download link

Page 15: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in Foodservice“Where can I get help & information” ?

British Water FOG Code of Practice :Assessment & Appraisal of :• FOG Management • Legislation and Regulation • Site Evaluation • Equipment Solutions : Grease separators; Grease removal units Biological/bacteria based dosing system; Using Multiple equipment configurations 

• Installation, Maintenance & Servicing.• Kitchen Practice.

Page 16: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in Foodservice2. FOG : Education & Awareness

2. Education & Awareness – Site Operators Have & Implement a Programme.• Training/Education – best practice• Waste management culture – “throw-away” society – must change

ideals.• Guidelines/policies – ‘Management’. Keep records and create

Operational policies. Training of all new staff. Post ‘Guides’.• As the Designer, Contractor, Installer – You should – ‘Insist’ on

maintenance of the installed system/s. Introduce a Specialist Service Company – GCA.

• Encourage the site operator to ‘Reward’ best practice

Page 17: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG ‐ Prevention in Design & Equipment / Systems

3. Prevention – in Design and Equipment / Systems• Grease Traps, GRU’s ( mechanical grease removal systems ), Bioremediation

- bacteria/enzyme dosing systems– All provide varying degrees of effectiveness, dependent on numerous

factors

• Ensure ALL drains with FOG sources [ equipment ] are included / treated –correct location of equipment is critical

• Products should be certified and meet legal, design & performance criteria• Do not use systems that could compromise hygiene & safety in the

foodservice operation – follow food safety guidelines• Any septic or waste water reservoir should ideally be located outside of the

Foodservice operation. BS 12056 – re: drainage systems inside buildings• Ensure proper maintenance schedules are followed

Page 18: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG Key hardware considerations : What to try and Avoid !

Common faults : Traps.Incorrectly sized, incorrectly located, &not maintained !

Page 19: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : What to try and Avoid !

Bad Maintenance [ put simply, None at all ] !

Page 20: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions – Grease Entrapment / Recovery

Choice of Equipment / Systems.Suitability of Product ‐ Understand Drain layouts and equipment / sources. Think ‘Heat’ !Are they Effective ? Qualification.Easy to use. Consider Hygiene, Cleaning, Safety.

To recover or not ?TEEP. European Commission guidance – Waste Framework Directive. In the cause of ‘Waste’ prevention, reduction, reuse, has been the thinking behind a new acronym that adds to the European's ever increasing “waste glossary”. The abbreviation is “TEEP“, and it refers to “technically, environmentally and economically practicable” requirements of operating standards for recycling collection systems. Essentially, ‘evaluation’ principles. 

Physically possible ? Location. Access.

Page 21: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions – Grease Traps

Passive Traps / Internal Interceptors.Sizing, Location, Maintenance. Get expert advice.Design. They must ‘slow’ water flow, to allow for separation.Legal.  BS EN 1825 ! Some will Quote US Codes – PDI and ASME. These have no legal tenure, but, offer proof of efficacy. 

Consider :How easy to access and clean out ? [  by others – restricted waste ]Proximity to high temperature discharge and / or chemicalsAir tight – no odours. ‐ BS 12056 ‐ ‘shall not release vapours and foul air into the building’.Hygiene / Safety ? How easy to clean, under, behind, in and around ? Easy to lift ?Construction material. Grease Trap contents are very acidic and can quickly corrode tanks.Low height drains – How to connect to Combis, Floor Gulleys, Do they work ? How effective ? Certification ?

Page 22: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions – GRU’s

GRU’s – Mechanical Traps – Electrical / MechanicalPrinciple – Good to collect Waste oil  ? TEEPSizing, Location, Maintenance, Power. Get expert advice.Legal. No UK standards. Some will Quote US Codes – PDI and ASME. These have no legal tenure, but, offer proof of efficacy. 

Consider :Daily Access for cleaning, maintenance, emptying. ‘Resource’ !Staff timeProximity to high temperatures and / or chemicals. Efficacy ? Low height drains – Combis, Floor Gulleys, Air tight  ‐ BS 12056 ‐ ‘shall not release vapours and foul air into the building’.Value of recovered product. Limited volume, quality, reliant on vehicular transport – TEEP.Power usage – TEEP.Storage of Waste product – where ? Access for collection.

Page 23: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceExample of ‘incomplete’ design / specification.

Central London site.2 x Restaurants – Ground level. 2 x Kitchens – Basement 1. Waste Water Sump – Basement 2.Good Kitchens Design / Installation. Very well operated. FOG Management. GRU’s. Pot Sinks. Dishwash Tabling.

Page 24: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceExample of ‘incomplete’ design / specification.

Issue : Main Sump waste water sump, having to be emptied every month – should be every 6 months. Because of FOG. Very high cost. Out of hours.Why : Combination Ovens, Dishwash Machine, Prep Sinks, Floor Gulleys. No systems fitted.Solution – Supplementary Bioremediation – Dosing in Kitchen and BioBricks in Sump station.

Page 25: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions – External systems

External Entrapment systems – Covers all drainage. Kitchen Network drains – all connected to a single large Interceptor system. Standard practice in many European countries e.g. Germany.Sizing, Location, Maintenance, Total ‘interception’.Seek specialist advice – ACO.

Consider :Location ‐ Access for emptying / service. Internal drains require protection [ Bio‐Dosing ].Cost  ‐ Tankering access and routine emptyingCost of System £ [ Mechanical Budget ? ]

Page 26: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions ‐ Biological Dosing 

Biological Dosing – ‘Bacteria’ [ not Enzymes or Chemicals ]Enzyme ‐ a substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reactionChemical treatment – and heat. Creates emulsification. FOG can / will re‐form

To consider :Accredited [ legal / efficacy ] – Proof of quality / safety.Automated and Alarm.Bacteria – Types / range and number of Bacteria – Needs very high numbers.Location, Time of Operation,Services – Electric / Battery‘Easy’ to use. Easy to change Fluid. Safe product. Hygiene and Safety – Easy to clean. No product on floor.Shelf life of product.

Page 27: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Product Solutions ‐ Biological Dosing 

Biological / Bacteria Dosing ‐ GreasePaK :• Accredited [ legal / efficacy ] – Yes. Only one. BBA• Automated / Alarmed. Yes.• Bacteria – Types / range and number of Bacteria GreasePaK – 8 different families of spore forming bacteria, 500 ‘MILLION’ per ml ! Includes bacteria to break down Starch.• Location, Time of Operation. Easy to locate, Easy to set up PCB.• Services – Electric / Battery. Either or. Battery units – 2 years.• ‘Easy’ to use. Very. Easy to change Cartridge. Simple to adjust settings.• Safe product. Hygiene and Safety – Easy to clean. No product on floor.

Class 1 product. Wall mounted. Self contained. Cartridge RFID• Shelf life. GreasePaK MSGD – 18 months. Other products, between 1 and 6.

Page 28: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

Pelham Arms – Southern Water

Page 29: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

Pelham Arms – Southern Water

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Pelham Arms – Southern Water

Page 31: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceKey hardware considerations : Combined technology – BioCeptor / Biological Dosing 

Combined Technology. Smart Interceptor & Bacteria Dosing.

utilises the traditional principles of entrapment and retention alongside the natural process of bioremediation.

The combined technologies create a highly effectiveenvironment, perfect for permanent degradation of FOG.

Page 32: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceMechline ‘BioCeptor’

Mechline ‘BioCeptor’.• Functional design. Rounded modern design, no sharp corners for organic waste to collect.• Easy to remove baffles to facilitate easy cleaning and maintenance. • Optimised inner working design to maximize the retention of FOGs. 96% retention [ PDI / ASME* ]• Air tight chamber with sealed lid, fitted with mechanical fittings for engineers to access tank. No Odours.• Outer modern smooth finish designed for easy cleaning and hygiene in mind• Made from high strength injection moulded high‐density polyethylene. ‘Light’• Height adjustable feet. Unit ‘Off’ the floor.• Connection for BBA Approved • BioCeptor reduces the frequency of regular service, cleaning and maintenance.

In trials, units went 3 x longer than traditional Traps.• Designed and Sized in accordance with PDI and ASME standards.• Limited Lifetime warranty on BioCeptor Tank. Will not corrode.• Simple to install, supplied with universal fittings. Universal – RtoL, or, LtoR.

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FOG ‐ in FoodserviceBioCeptor ‐ Accreditation

• BioCeptor performs well above what is required of an interceptor with its flow rate (25 gpm):

Page 34: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceInstalled BioCeptor

Held within the F.I.T unit bacteria rapidly reproduce and 

permanently break down the captured FOG.

Bacteria Biofilms also populate the drain lines downstream 

from the F.I.T unit. 

Page 35: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceHow to make Interceptors / GRU’s more effective ? 

Keep Food / Organic load out of Interceptors.Food waste can take up valuable space in any size type of Trap. Considerably reduces effectiveness, and, increases service demand.

How to prevent ? Sink Upstand Strainers. Do they get used properly – ‘No’.Undersink Strainers / Waste Filters. 

Not always easy to install.Ease of access for cleaning ? When full, can back up. 

Page 36: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceHow to make Interceptors / GRU’s more effective ? 

Keep Food / Organic load out of Interceptors.Food waste can take up valuable space in any size type of Trap. Considerably reduces effectiveness, and, increases service demand.

How to prevent ? New Mechline Food Waste Sink Strainer.

Page 37: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFor Sump Pits, Pumping Stations, Floor Gullies, ……. Hard to get to placesRemember this.

And, Pumps.

Page 38: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceSummary ‐ Golden Rules for effective FOG Management – In Kitchen Design / Op’s.

Review of ‘ALL’ FOG sources‐ All sources, need managing, control and / or treatment. ‘Effective ‐ Legal’ solutions. ‐ Product/s to be effective and to meet Codes / Legislation. Seek specialist advice.Keep it Simple.‐ Think of Operators, think of ‘Times’ of operation, think of Skill sets, think of staff ‘churn’. 

Remember, ‘Licensed Waste’. Think of resources. Easy to keep Clean. Easy to Maintain.Follow TEEP principles.‐ Technical, Economic, Environmental, Practical. Each site will have different criteria.Appropriate for Use / Application. ‐ Hygiene / Safety in Kitchens.Train and Maintain. Ensure Operators train staff and have a Maintenance programme.

Page 39: Mechline Developments. Fats Oil Grease. FOG. Food Service

FOG ‐ in FoodserviceFOG : Code of Practice

FOG ‐ CODE OF PRACTICE

Summary :Best practice will involve a combination of products to maximise the removal and treatment of FOG that would otherwise enter the drains and subsequently the sewer. This should be the objective of any effective FOG management system. 

Seek Specialist Advice.Service & Maintenance – Critical.

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FOG ‐ in FoodserviceEnergy Efficiency in commercial Kitchens

Lastly. For an ‘environmental’ review of FOG Systems and Food Waste Technologies, regarding Environmental Evaluation, refer to the CIBSE TM50 Guide.

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