mech 100 – graphics i technical graphics communication: multiview drawings (part 2)
TRANSCRIPT
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MECH 100 – Graphics I
Technical Graphics Communication:
Multiview Drawings(Part 2)
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Objectives• Quick review and comments on creation of proper
multiview drawings
• Quick review standard line practices used in multiview drawings
• Fundamentals Views of Edges & Planes • Identify normal, inclined, and oblique planes in
multiview drawings
• ANSI Standards for Partial & Revolved Views
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Projection Methods & their Attributes:
Perspective versus Parallel
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Multiview Drawings:
The Six Principal Views & Angle of Projection
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Multiview Orthographic Projection
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Imagine Object Suspended in Glass Box
Projections Produce Six Principal Views
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Unfolding “Glass Box” to Produce the Six Principal Views of the Drawing
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Multiview Drawing of Object
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Multiview Drawing of Object(Conventional View Placement)
Central view
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Multiview Drawing of Object(Alternate View Arrangement)
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Three Space Dimensions: Width, Height, Depth
- Require Multiple Views (at least 2 views) -
Rule 1 Alignment of Features: Every point or feature in one view must be aligned on a parallel projector in any adjacent view
Rule 2 Distances in Related Views: Distances between any two points of a feature in related views must be equal
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Three-View Multiview Layout on A-size Sheet
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Transferring Depth Dimensions:
- Between TOP & RIGHT views -
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Parts Requiring Two-View Drawings
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Parts Requiring One-View Drawings
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Layout of CAD Model on a Drawing Sheet
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Layout of CAD Model on a Drawing Sheet
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Layout of CAD Model on a Drawing Sheet
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Layout of CAD Model on a Drawing Sheet
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Good versus Poor Orientation
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Place Object in Natural Position
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Use Minimum Number of Views
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Use the Most Descriptive Views
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First- & Third-Angle of Projection Drawings: The Different Six
Principal Views
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Principal Projection Planes and Quadrants: Used to Create First- and Third- Angle Projections
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Pictorial Comparison:
First-Angle
and
Third-Angle
Projections
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Standard View Arrangements:
Third-Angle (U.S.)
and
(ISO) First-Angle Projections
Third-Angle
First-Angle
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View Arrangement:First-Angle Projection
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Alphabet of Lines: ASME standard line types for technical drawings
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Alphabet of Lines:
Hand Sketched
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Engineering Sketch
Showing Several Line Types Used
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Various Line Types used in a
Technical Drawing
ASME standard line types for
technical drawings
(dimensions shown for traditional drawing tools)
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Drawing Conventions for
Hidden Lines
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Precedence of Lines (Review)
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Engineering Drawing: Showing
Application of Precedence of
Lines
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Application of Center Lines
(for a Cylinder)
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Various Applications
of Center Lines
(Conventions)
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Fundamental Views of Edges and Planes
Know when the edges or planes are in true size, not foreshortened. Distances, angles, and areas
can then be measured.
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Fundamental Views of Edges
Edge line: intersection of two planes & is represented as a line on multiview drawings
Rule 3 True Length & Size: Features are true length or true size when the lines of sight are perpendicular to the feature
Edge line appears as a point in a plane of projection to which it is perpendicularAppears
as a point
Edge line
Edge lines
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Fundamental Views of Edges
Inclined line: is parallel to a plane of projection but inclined to the adjacent planes (4 black lines)
Oblique line: is not parallel to any principal plane of projection. It never appears as a point or in true length in any of the six principal views (line 1 – 2)
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Fundamental Views of Surfaces
Surface A: principal plane // to frontal plane
Surface B: principal plane // to horizontal plane
Surface C: principal plane // to profile plane
Surface D: inclined plane (edge view in front view)
Surface E: oblique plane (not parallel nor on edge in any principal planes)
Rule 4 Foreshortening: Features are foreshortened when the lines of sight are not perpendicular to the feature
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Rule of Configuration of PlanesRule 5 Configuration of Planes: Areas that are the same feature will always be similar in configuration from one view to the next, unless viewed on edge
Rule 6 Parallel Features: Parallel features will always appear parallel in all views
Rule 7 Edge Views: Surfaces that are parallel to the lines of sight will appear as lines or edge views
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Analysis by Surfaces (of Multiview Drawings)
Rule 6 Parallel Features: Parallel features will always appear parallel in all views
Rule 7 Edge Views: Surfaces that are parallel to the lines of sight will appear as lines or edge views
Technique used to visualize 3-D objects from multiview drawings
Rule 5 Configuration of Planes: Areas that are the same feature will always be similar in configuration from one view to the next, unless viewed on edge
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Rule 8 Contiguous Areas: No two contiguous areas can lie in the same plane
(If they were in the same plane a line would not be drawn to separate them)
Analysis by Surfaces (of Multiview Drawings)
Technique used to visualize 3-D objects from multiview drawings
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Rule 8 Contiguous Areas: No two contiguous areas can lie in the same plane
(If they were in the same plane a line would not be drawn to separate them)
Analysis by Surfaces (of Multiview Drawings)
Technique used to visualize 3-D objects from multiview drawings
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Angles in Multiview Drawings
(C) A 90-degree angle can be measured in a foreshortened surface if one edge is true length. (A) Angles other than 90 degrees can only be measured in views where the surface that contains the angle is perpendicular to the line of sight. (B) Not true angle shown in drawing
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Representing Limiting Elements
The sides of the triangle represent limiting elements of the cone.
The vertical sides of the rectangle represent the limiting elements of the sides of the cylinder.
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Tangent & Non-tangent Partial Cylinder
Note: When the transition of a rounded end to another feature is not tangent, a line is used at the intersection of the two features
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Elliptical Representation of a Circle
An elliptical view of a circle is created when the circle is viewed at an oblique angle
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Viewing Angles for Ellipses
Note: The size (or exposure) of an ellipse is determined by the angle of the line of sight relative to the circle
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Multiview Drawings of Solid Primitive Shapes
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Representation of Types of Machined Holes
See textbook (Ch. 10) for technical drawing representations of fillets, rounds, finished surfaces, chamfers, intersecting cylinders with prisms and other features.
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ANSI Standards for Multiview Drawings
Partial Views and Revolution Conventions
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Partial View for A Symmetrical Object(also for some types of auxiliary views & for saving time)
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Use of Partial Views to Eliminate Hidden Lines
Improves clarity
Front View
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Revolution Conventions for Ribs and Webs
Violates true projection of views
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Revolution Conventions for Objects with Bolt Circles
Violates true projection of views
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Revolution Convention for Representation of Arms
Violates true projection of views
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Assignment
• Review: Chapter 10 – Multiview Drawings
• Study: Chapter 17 – Dimensioning Practices
• Answer Review Questions on Bb Learn (Chapter 10 – Part 2)