EXPT NO: DATE:

STUDY OF SCORBOT-ER 4u ROBOT

The SCORBOT-ER 4u was designed and developed to emulate an industrial robot. The open structure of the robot arm allows students to observe and learn about its internal mechanisms.

INTRODUCING SCOREBASE

SCOREBASE for SCOREBASE ER-4u is a robotics control software package for robot programming and operation. SCOREBASE for SCOREBASE ER-4u provides numerous capabilities.

Communication with the robot controller over USB channel. Control and real time status display of five robot axes, gripper

and two peripheral axes. Full support and real-time status display of eight digital inputs,

eight digital outputs, four analog inputs, and two analog outputs.

Position definition and display as well as manual robot movement in reference to Joint Coordinate system (encoder units).

The Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, Z Pitch and Roll) is also used.

Robot movement definition as Go to position, Go linear, or Go circular, with ten active speed settings.(Availability depends on Experience level settings).

Default setting of 1000 positions and 1000 active program lines.

Interrupt programming for handling responses to changes in digital input status.

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Variable programming in three levels of complexity, to moderate the leaning curve. This makes it possible for beginners to start at a lower level, and advance through the levels, as they become more skilled in robotics programming.

Saving and loading projects. SCOREBASE can be installed as part of Robocell, an interactive

graphic software package which provides simulation of the robot and other devices in the work cell.This manual describes all the features and operations for all

Experience levels of SCOREBASE. When necessary, illustrations show the differences in the levels, and descriptions note the availability of options and commands.

HOMING

The robot and peripheral axes location is monitored and controlled using encoders. To initialize the encoders and to obtain repeatable performance the axes must first reach a predefined position known as hard home. All record positions and movements refer to the hard home position. The homing procedure finds the hard home for the selected axes.

SCOREBASE offers two commands relating to the home position.

Search home is the procedure for homing. During Search home, each axis homed separately. The controller activates the currently homed motor axis, until its micro switch is pressed. Then the controller initializes the axis encoder counter and turns to home the next axis. After all configured axes are homed, the homing procedure ends.

Go Home sends the selected axes to a position where the encoders value is zero. Note: This command does not home the axes.

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The two commands are available in three levels. Search/ Go Home all (applies for all active axes) Search/ Go Home robot (applies for the robot) Search/ Go Home peripherals (applies for axes 7&8).

SEARCH HOME ALL AXES

To start the homing procedure, do one of the following. Select Run/ Search home- all axes. Click the Search Home icon.

A window opens displaying the number of axes currently being homed. Each time an axis is successfully homed, a checkmark appears next to the axis number. After the five axes and the gripper have homed, a check mark appears next to Robot.To abort homing while the procedure is still in progress, do one of the following.

Press [F9] (Stop command) Press the red EMERGENCY button on the controller. Press the EMERGENCY key on the Teach Pendant.

If the homing procedure fails, a message appears.The Search Home- All axes command executes the robot’s

homing procedure as well as that of any peripheral devices that have been configured in the Options/ Peripheral Set Up menu. The command is available only when SCOREBASE is On-Line for the first time. If the system has already been homed and you change SCOREBASE to Off-line mode, there is no need to home the system again when you return to On-Line mode.

When SCOREBASE is in Off-Line Mode, or when Robocell is installed, the homing procedure is not required, all though it can be executed. The homing procedure initializes Joint and XYZ values according to a software definition. All encoders are set to zero, while

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the robot Cartesian coordinates are set according to a software model.

SEARCH HOME-Robot

This command runs the homing procedure for the robot. Homing of the peripherals is enabled only after the system has been homed once.

SEARCH HOME- Peripherals

This command runs the homing procedure for the configured peripherals. Homing of the robot is enabled only after the system has been homed once.

INTRODUCING ROBOCELL

Robocell is a software package that integrates four components.

SCOREBASE a full-featured robotics control software package, which provides a user friendly tool for robot programming and operation.

A Graphic display module that provides 3D simulation of the robot and other devices in a virtual workcell.

Cell Setup, which allows a user to create a new virtual robotic workcell, or modify an existing workcell.

3D Simulation Software Demo to demonstrate Robocell’s capabilities.This manual covers all features and operation of the Graphic display and Cell setup modules. It provides support for all current versions of Robocell. SCOREBASE

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menus and commands are described in the SCOREBASE User Manual.

TEACH PENDANT

This Teach Pendant (TP) is an industrial quality teach pendant which has been tailored for use in an educational environment.

The Teach Pendant is a sophisticated portable terminal for operating and controlling the axes connected to the controller. This Teach Pendant is equipped with an EMERGENCY STOP push button, an AUTO/TEACH selector switch, and a DEADMAN switch. The Teach pendent can be either hand held or mounted in a spherical fixture outside the robot’s working envelope.

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EXPT NO: DATE:

STACKING OF OBJECT

AIM:To write a program in SCOREBASE software to perform

stacking of the given wooden blocks using SCOREBOT ER-4u Robot in a required pattern.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:6 wooden blocks, SCOREBOT ER-4u Robot

PRECAUTIONS:1. Ensure no objects interfere in the path of the Robot

movement.2. Keep the surroundings of the robot clean.3. Switch the emergency stop button in case of any

abnormality in functioning of the robot.4. The robot should be homed before and after the

performing the operations on the robot.

PROCEDURE FOR PROGRAMMING:1. Switch on the controller unit and the computer

connected with it.2. Make sure that the emergency stop switch is in the

switched OFF position both on the controller unit as well as the Teach Pendant.

3. Run the SCOREBASE program from the computer.4. Check for any error messages.5. Make sure that the robot is in the On-line mode and

perform the Homing operation if not done.6. Open a new project from the File menu of the software.

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7. Control the movements of the robotic arm using the on screen buttons or using the teach pendant.

8. Fix the loading position by controlling the movements of the arm.

9. Similarly fix the unloading positions and the intermediate positions.

10. Record all the above positions 11. Now write the program in the correct order connecting

the pre defined positions using GO TO statement option available on the screen as per the required sequence of operations.

12. Incorporate the Gripper OPEN and CLOSE statements wherever required in the program.

13. After completing the program, RUN the program for a single cycle or Step wise.

14. If any errors occur, we can re define the positions as well as the statements.

15. After executing the program, Home the robot

RESULT:

The required program for Stacking operation in the required pattern was prepared and the operation cycle was successfully performed.

REMARKS/INFERENCE:

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EXPT NO: DATE:

STUDY OF CNC MILLING MACHINE

AIM:To conduct a detailed study on CNC milling machine

SPECIFICATIONS:

Working table surface 360 X 130 mmTravel X axis 190 mmTravel Y axis 110 mmTravel Z axis 115 mmSpindle to table 190 mmSpindle to column 125 mmSpindle taper ISO 30Spindle taper for ATC ISO 302 Tee slots 10 mm width 50 mm

centersX axis ball screw 16 mm Dia X 5 mm PitchY axis ball screw 16 mm Dia X 5 mm PitchZ axis ball screw 16 mm Dia X 5 mm PitchMax machine length 1000 mmMax machine width 575 mmMachine height 650 mmMachine weight 170 kg

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DESCRIPTIONS:

INTRODUCTION Numerical control is the latest machine tools control system, which has been developed out of the need for higher productivity, lower cost and more precise manufacturing, can be considered as the most sophisticated form of automation for controlling machine tools, equipments and processes. In NC system, operation instructions are inputted to the machine as numbers which are suitably coded for storing on tapes. These instructions are then automatically carried out in the machine tool in predetermined sequence with pre set or self adjusted speed; feed etc., without human intervention. In the original NC systems the physical components are hard wired i.e. the circuitry and components can perform their respective functions only and are not flexible to adopt changes. In CNC system the physical components are software units. In software units the loaded program in computer makes the control unit operate to suite the need of machinist.

Parts of CNC machine

1. Program of instructionsThe program of instructions often called part program is the detailed set of directions for producing a component by the CNC machine. Each line of instruction is a mixture of alphabetic codes and numerical data. 2. Machine controllerThis part, usually a computer software, controls the operations carrying out in a CNC machine. It co-ordinates operations by converting the part program to required input signals for the CNC machine.3. CNC machine

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CNC machine responds to the electrical signals from the controller. Accordingly the machine executes various slide motions and spindle rotations to manufacture the part.

Control software features

Industrial format programming through either DESK TOP TUTOR or computer QWERTY key board

MDI programming facility Simultaneous 3 axes continuous path eliminating dwells

between program blocks Circular and linear interpolation Programming format choice available from 1 of two industrial

keyboards Imperial or metric programming Subprogram with repeat facility/ program call Tool radius compensation Circular and pocket milling, peck drilling cycles Manual and programmable machine stops, datum shift Tool length offset up to 32 tools Programmable dwell Optional auxiliary input and output Output to printer or punch tape Program verification via dry run facility Mirror imaging Full G and M code listing with context Sensitive help Single block or auto execution comprehensive tool path Graphic including 2D and 3D colour simulation, tool path plot

and machining process simulation with tool simulation. Zoomed or sectioned views with rotation Directory listing Program merging facility

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Block skip / search facility Full edit mode allowing alters, delete, insert. Programs stored on floppy and hard drive. Edit memory 64K. Control can be integrated into local area networks allowing

access to shared/group program data Control text can be loaded into world processor for translation

into different languages Automatic error checking with messages Cycle start, feed hold Continuous and incremental jog modes with variable feed

rates Screen access display gives absolute or distance to Go values Programmable spindle speeds 0-4000 rpm Spindle speed override 50-120% Programmable feed rate 0-15000 mm/min. (0-1000 mm/min.

on Z axis) Feed rate override 0-150%

Operation of XL MILL

Control Menu

In the machine control mode, by pressing F9, the following menu appears; use cursor UP/DOWN to select.

Execute CNC

CONTROLExecute CNCEdit offsetsLoad tool offsetsSave tool offsets

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Stars execution of a CNC programEdit offsetsPermits the listing of current tool offsets and allow you to edit them.Load tool offsetsLoads a new set of offsets from diskSave tool offsetsSaves current offsets to diskDatum of Axes Datum axis as follows

Press home button on the operations panel Press ‘+X’ button on the operations panel and wait for

longitudinal slide to come to a stand still Press ‘+Y’ button on the operations panel and wait for cross

slide to come to rest Press ‘+Z’ button on the operations panel and wait for spindle

head to come rest. Press JOG button on the operational panel Ensure X,Y,Z values read zero Pressing the +X, -X, +Z, -Z keys and TRVRS key

simultaneously will move the slides at rapid traverse speed The machine is now ready to use

Operation Keys

RESET Reset any alarm messages. Reset program to start in edit mode

ALPHA/ NUMERICAL PAD Inputs character expected by controller when inputting a program. Multi character keys toggle between characters shown

CURSOR Moves cursor through program element by element in defined direction.

PAGE Moves cursor through program page by page in defined direction.

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Selection Keys Each Having Several Pages

UTILS Toggles between directivesPRG Selects mode, simulate only, edit only, or edit and

simulateMENU OFFSET Toggles between M.D.I and tool settingPOS GRAPH Selects simulate, edit and M.D.IINPUT OUTPUT Automatically loads remote device link menu. This

menu allows the user to send or receive from external peripherals.

Editing Keys

ALTER Alters addressINSERT Inserts address. Also used to initialize new

programsDELETE Delete addresses. /;# E.O.B. Characters shown are toggled EOB operated

when editingCANCEL Cancels all address. ( before insert is

executed )

Operation Select

AUTO Select to run programEDIT Select to edit programSINGLE BLOCK Allows single step execution of programBLOCH SKIP Select in edit mode to ignore block when running

programHOME Zeros machine around its own reference pointJOG Moves axes around at feeds as set on override.

When manual mode moves axes at 0.01, 0,1, 1 increments and continuous feed.

Execution

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CYCLE START Starts program

CYCLE STOP Stops program

Axis/ DirectionPress either JOG or MPG to operate

-X Movement in –X direction+X Movement in +X direction -Y Movement in –Y direction+Y Movement in +Y direction-Z Movement in –Z direction+Z Movement in +Z directionTRVRS Rapid traverse (toggle

switch)

SpindleCW spindle movement clockwiseSTOP Spindle stopCCW spindle movement counter

clockwise

Coolant

CLNT ON Coolant on

CLNT OFF Coolant off

Result

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A detailed study of CNC Milling Machine is done.

EXERCISE 1

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AIM To write a manual part program for machining the component shown in figure and machine the model using CNC milling machine.

APPARATUS REQUIREDCNC milling machine, slot cutter

MATERIALS REQUIREDCast iron work piece

PROCEDUREAt first write the manual part programming required for the CNC operation. Input it to the control software. Fit the work piece to the wise of the CNC machine. Execute the program inputted. The manual part program is as given below:

P1 X25 Y10P2 X65 Y10P3 X80 Y25P4 X80 Y65

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P5 X65 Y80P6 X25 Y80P7 X25 Y65P8 X10 Y65P9 X10 Y25P10 X31 Y45P11 X59 Y45G21 G94G91 G28 Z0G28 X0 Y0M06 T01 01M03 S1500G90 G00 X25 Y10 Z6M98 P42222G90 G00 Z5G91 G28 X0 Y0M05 M30O 2222G90 G00 X25 Y10G91 G01 Z7 F50G90 G01 X65 Y10 F100G03 X80 Y25 R15G01 X80 Y65G02 X65 Y80 R15G01 X25 Y80G01 X25 Y65G01 X10 Y65G01 X10 Y25G01 X25 Y10G91 G00 Z7G90 G00 X31 Y45G91 G01 Z7 F50

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G90 G03 X31 Y45 I14 J0G91 G00 Z6M99

RESULT

The given metal block is cut to required shape and dimension. Also the manual part program for the required process is obtained.

REMARKS/INFERENCE

EXERCISE 2

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AIMTo write a manual part program for machining the component shown in figure and machine the model using CNC milling machine.

APPARATUS REQUIREDCNC milling machine, slot cutter

MATERIALS REQUIREDCast iron work piece

PROCEDUREAt first write the manual part programming required for the CNC operation. Input it to the control software. Fit the work piece to the wise of the CNC machine. Execute the program inputted. The manual part program is as given below

G21 G94

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G91 G28 Z0G28 X0 Y0M06 T01 01M03 S1500G90 G00 X5 Y45 Z5M98 P5555M70 M98 P5555M80M71M98 P5555M81M70M71M98 P5555M80M81M91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0M05M30O 5555G90 G00 X5 Y45G01 X5 Y5 F100G01 X45 Y5 G02 X5 Y45 R50G02 X45 Y5 R50G00 Z5G00 X0 Y0M99

RESULT

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The given metal block is cut to required shape and dimension. Also the manual part program for the required process is obtained.

REMARKS/INFERENCE

EXPT NO: DATE:

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STUDY AND EXPERIMENT ON PLCAIMTo conduct a detailed study and experiment on PLC

DESCRIPTION

LSM CONTROLLER PACKAGELSM controller Package is a Multidisciplinary, Open Architecture, General Purpose and User-friendly Mechatronics Training Package.This Package includes Programmable Logic Controllers and Programmable Motion Controller, and Interfacing with various Input & Output devices and accessories.It has two PLCs namely LSM Controller Package PLC and ABB/Siemens PLC.Both PLCs are interfaced to Input Devices (Inductive Proximity Sensors, Capacitive Proximity Sensors, Optical Sensors Mechanical Switches) and Output devices (AC Motor and Solenoids).ControlX is the Windows based software for LSM Controller PLC and AC010-PS001 3.1 for ABB PLC.Programming in ControlX is Instruction based Programming and Ladder/Electrical/FBD programming is available in AC010-PS001 3.1.PMC can control Position, Velocity and acceleration of DC Servo motors. It can control four DC Servo motors coupled to Accessories namely LSB, Conveyor, X-Y Position Table and Rotary Table.ControlX is the Control software for PMC.

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC)An apt definition of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is that it is a ‘Digital electronic device’ that uses a programmable memory to store instructions and to implement specific functions such as logic, sequence, timing, counting, Comparison, Data Moving and arithmetic to control machines and processes.

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PLCs are generally classified by size. The small sized system has a limited number Inputs and Outputs. As a general rule the small PLCs have less than 100 Inputs and Outputs. With approximately 20 Inputs and 12 Outputs mounted locally with processor. Additional Inputs and Outputs can be added to accommodate the remaining Inputs and Outputs.Medium sized PLCs have 4000 to 8000 Inputs and Outputs. They all support wide variety of specialty modules such as ASCII communication modules.Basic programming modules, 16 bit multiplexing modules, Analog input and output modules that allow interfaces to both analog Voltages and Current.Large sized OLCs were very popular since 1980 before network was perfected. The concept of large size PLC was to provide enough user memory, Inputs and Outputs to control complete factory, problems occurred when minor problem occurs in the system brought the complete factory to halt.The advent of LAN brought about the concept known as distributive control, where small and medium sized PLCs are connected together through the network. In this way entire factory is brought under the

LSMCPPLC

ABB PLC

INPUT DEVICE

OUTPUT DEVICES

CAPACITIVE SENSOROPTICAL SENSOR

5/2 SOL-SOL VALVE5/2 SOL-SPRING VALVEAC MOTOR

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

HOST PC

LIMIT SWITCHES, INDUCTIVE SENSORS

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control of a number of PLCs but failure of one system doesn’t affect any other system.

Specification of LSMCP PLCOperating Voltage: 24 VDCInputs: 16 Opto-Isolated digital inputsOutputs: 8 Relayed digital inputsProgramming: Statement/Instruction

Specification of ABB/SIEMENS PLCOperating Voltage: 24 VDCInputs: 10 Opto-Isolated digital inputs, 2 Inputs can be used as a Analog or DigitalOutputs: 8 Relayed digital inputsProgramming: Ladder/Electrical/Functional Block Diagram

LSM CONTROLLER PACKAGE PLC COMMANDS

Output command:To turn “ON” or “OFF” the Output of LSM Controller Package PLC command is: set_output Output Address, Status of the Output

For example:To turn “ON” output number 1 of LSM Controller Package PLC command is: set_output 1,1

To turn “OFF” output number 1 of LSM Controller Package PLC command is: set_output 1,0

Input command:

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To read the status of Input of the LSM Controller Package PLC command is: Get_input(Input Number) = Status of the Input

EXAMPLE PROGRAM:

If Input Number “1” is in “ON” State, then Output Number “1” has to be turned “ON” for 3 seconds. After 3 seconds it has to be turned “OFF”.

Program:If get_input(1)=1 then “if input No.1 is “ON”Set_output 1,1 “Output No.1 will be switched “ON”Delay(3000) “Delay 3000 milliseconds or 3 seconds”Set_output 1,0 “Output No.1 will be switched “OFF”End if “End of if condition”

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EXERCISE 1

Q) Write a program to control an AC synchronous motor clockwise and anti-clockwise in manual mode. In programming perform time delay and loop operation.

For i=1 to 10Set_output 1,1Delay(3000)Set_output 1,0Delay(3000)Set_output 2,1Delay(3000)Set_output 2,0Next

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EXERCISE 2

Q) Write a program to control Single Acting Spring Return Cylinder and Double Acting Cylinder in manual mode. Speeds of pistons of both cylinders are adjustable. In Programming perform time delay and loop operation.

For 1=1 to 10Set_output 3,1Set_output 4,1Delay(3000)Set_output 3,0Set_output 4,0Set_output 5,1Delay(3000)Set_output 5,0Next

RESULT:

A detailed study of PLC is done and two example programs have been carried out.

REMARKS/INFERENCE:

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Expt No. Date:

STUDY & EXPERIMENT ON VISION INSPECTION SYSTEM

AIM To study RAPID-I Vision Inspection System, find the Pitch

Circle Diameter, Thread parameters like Major diameter, Minor Diameter, Effective Diameter, Pitch, Angle and tracing out the complex features. THEORY

Rapid-I/RapidMeasure basically works on the principle of picking coordinate points on component features (by the user), and building higher level geometric features from these points. It is therefore essential to pick the most accurate points, at the highest resolutions possible, to achieve the most repeatable and accurate measurements. Once accurate points are taken, there is a requirement to smartly generate geometric features that allow not only precise measurements, but also automated procedures for the same. The conceptual framework of RapidMeasure entails selecting points for a set of basic geometric entities – Point, Line, circle and arc, and the calculation of descriptive parameters of these entities. PRECAUTION

1. The instrument is rated for 220-240V AC, 50 Hz. Do not plug in to any other kind of power supply.

2. Handle the instrument only with the steel rod-handles provided.

3. The machine should always be handled in an upright position. Lock the X and Y axes during movement of the instrument.

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4. An uninterrupted power supply is highly recommended for safe operations of the computer.

5. The instrument is rated to work reliably in the temperature range of 16 – 40C. Avoid exposing to extreme temperatures and dust.

6. Do not touch the objective lens or the 2X lens. Any fingerprints or dust can be permanent, and may compromise the quality of the lens permanently.

7. Be gentle when working with the workstage/optical assembly movements. Place heavy objects on the glass in a gentle manner to avoid scratches/breakage.

8. Take care to pull/push the rapid-movement levers for the XYZ axes to its maximum before moving the workstage/assembly.

9. Protect the whole unit from shocks and vibrations.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP PARTS DETAIL:

1. X-Y workstage: Top plate size 375 x 310 mm, measuring travel 200 x 100 mm on X & Y axes, table top glass size 250 x 170 mm. Workstage can be moved manually using knurled knobs. If motorized version is opted, stage can be operated with the joystick.

2. Joystick control console: Right side lever controls X & Y axes movement. Z axis is controlled by the lever on left side. Fine movement buttons for X, Y, & Z axes are provided. Speeds can be adjusted from the push button control in the centre. Other small knob in the centre provides zoom in and zoom out function.

3. Electronics interface unit: This is fixed behind the column and houses all embedded control cards. Power is connected to the

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machine from the left side of this unit where on – off switch is also provided. This unit need not be opened by the user.

4. Computer system: Dedicated monitor and PC is provided with basic machine together with suitable video cables. Under no circumstances should the PC and monitor be removed/changed or used for any other purpose. Software provided for geometrical function measurement is loaded to computer and the details are outlined in following chapters.

PROCEDURE

1. Switch on the machine and the Rapid-I software. From the image menu, choose video source. In the new window, click the auto mode for exposure, and click OK.

2. Place the part to be inspected on the work stage glass.3. Use the lighting controls in the software to illuminate the

component.4. Move the stage with the coarse/fine adjustment knobs (or with

the joystick) to bring the component under camera. The part will now be visible in the video region of the software.

5. Move the z-axis assembly with the knobs (or joystick) to focus the component.

6. Adjust the magnification to desired setting (larger magnifications are recommended for accurate measurements).

7. Select the appropriate cross-hair type, add a geometric entity (point/line/circle/arc) and choose points. The values are automatically calculated.

8. Click on the Measure icon in the right side of the screen to enable measurements mode, and choose the entities between which to obtain measurements. The answers are displayed on screen.

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a) Procedure to find Pitch Circle Diameter:-

1. Generate all the circles that are part of the PCD.2. Choose PCD from the toolbar in the tool control panel. The tool

control panel will then display a small PCD Graph and a listing of all available circles and arcs.

3. Click on new to create a new PCD measurement/entity.4. Choose the circles you would like to add to the PCD tool. Once

you choose a circle , it is immediately drawn in the PCDGraph. You have to select at least three circles for the PCD to be generated.

5. You can add as many circles as you like.6. The offset of each circle from the PCD is also calculated

automatically. Simply choose the circle whose offset you want to calculate from the PCD members list.

7. next, you can calculate the angle subtended at the centre of the PCD by any two member circles. Choose the first circle from the member list1 and circle2 from memberlist2. the angle is calculated in 360 mode.

b) Procedure to find the following parameters for a thread:-

1. Major diameter – the outer diameter of the actual thread. This will correspond to the diameter of the smallest cylinder through which the thread can go through.

2. Minor Diameter – the inner diameter of thread. The diameter at which the thread depth ends.

3. Effective Diameter.4. Pitch – The distance the thread will move with one full

revolution.5. Angle – The angle of the threading.

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i) The procedure to measure the major and minor diameters of a thread:-

1. Choose the Thread tool from the Measurements menu or by clicking in the Toolbar in the Tool Control Panel.

2. Click on Major/Minor dia.3. Click on New.4. The ThreadGraph displays 2 threads and 4 horizontal lines.

The 4 lines denote the traces of major and minor diameters. Choose points for the appropriate line. What you need to do is take points on the thread for each of these lines. This is pictorially denoted by the ThreadGraph. Essentially, you take points at the edge of the threads for doing the measurements.

5. The top edge of the major diameter is chosen by default. If you would like to do some other stet of points, move the mouse in the ThreadGraph, which results in the highlighting of the closest line, and click to choose that.

6. Once you have taken points (a minimum of two threads should be done), right click to shift the focus to the next set of points (or repeat step 5).

7. After taking atleast 2 points for all the four lines (2 for the major diameter and 2 for the minor), click on Get Result to finish.

ii) The procedure for calculating the effective diameter, pitch and angle:-

1. After choosing the thread tool , click on Effective Dia/Pitch/Angle.

2. Click on New.3. ThreadGraph now displays 2 threads (ie, 8 line segments). You

need to take points for each of these 8 line segments.4. The leftmost line segment is selected by default. If you would

like to start at any other edge, you can move the mouse over the ThreadGraph, which will result in the closest line to be

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highlighted in Red. Clicking the mouse will select the line (Which will now be drawn in yellow).

5. You can use any cross-hair mode, including all types of frame grab to choose points for each of the lines.

6. Once points for a particular line-segment is done, right-click the mouse button in the video window to choose the next contiguous line-segment. Else repeat Step 4 to choose desired line segment.

7. Repeat Step 5 until all 8 line-segments are complete.8. Click on Get Result to obtain the parameter values.

c) The procedure for Fastrace:-

1. From the Graphics menu, choose FasTrace.2. Click at the starting point (if you would like to start from a

known point, choose that point from the MeasureGraph).3. As you move the mouse, a line segment is drawn from the

start point to the current mouse position. Move the mouse to the appropriate end-point.

4. If you would like to have a line segment from the start point to the end-point, simply click the left mouse button.

5. If an arc is desired, click the right mouse button. As you move the mouse, an arc is drawn. Move the mouse until the best-fit arc is drawn, and click the left button to finalize.

6. Now, a new line-segment will be observed from the end-point of the previous line-segment/arc. You can continue tracing the component like this.

7. Once you are at the final line-segment/arc, middle-click to select the last point of the tracing tool.

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PRESENTATION OF RESULT

The results obtained from Rapid-I visual inspection system are

1. Pitch Circle Diameter =

2. Parameters for a Thread

a) Major Diameter =

b) Minor Diameter =

c) Effective Diameter =

d) Pitch =

e) Angle =

REMARK / INFERENCE

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