measuring dr cross sections absolute recombination rate coefficients of tungsten ions from...
TRANSCRIPT
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012
1
Measuring DR cross sectionsAbsolute recombination rate coefficients of tungsten ions
from storage-ring experiments
JU STU S-LIEBIG - U N IVER SITÄT G IESSEN
I M PAwww.uni-giessen.de/cms/iamp
Stefan Schippers
Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik
Outline
DR of Fe XVIII Fe17+
• Motivation
• Atomic data requirements
• Dielectronic recombination data for tungsten ions
• Charge balance of tungsten in a hot plasma
• Dielectronic recombination measurements @ TSR
• Results for Wq+ ions (q=18-21)
• Atomic structure of open 4f-shell systems
• Comparision with available theoretical results
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 2
Ionization balance in a plasma
A(q-1)+ Aq+ A(q+1)+
ionisation
recombination
We need to know rate coeffcients for
electron-impact ionization and
electron-ion recombination.Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 3
Tungsten DR rate coefficients
A. Whiteford, PhD Thesis, University of Strathclyde, UK (2004)
ADASAtomic Data and Analysis Structure
http://www.adas.ac.uk
Temperature (eV)
DR
rat
e co
effic
ient
(c
m3 s
-1)
semi-empirical (based on Burgess formula)
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 4
Tungsten DR fudge factors
T. Pütterich et al., Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 50 (2008) 085016
to bring model calculations into agreement with observations
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 5
Tungsten ionization balance and cooling factor
T. Pütterich et al., Nuclear Fusion 50 (2010) 025012
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 6
The heavy-ion storage ring TSR at the Heidelberg Max-Planck-Institute
for Nuclear Physics
Heavy-ion storage rings
• Storage of charged particles in well defined states
- mass- charge- velocity
• Electron cooling reduces
- diameter of the ion beam- velocity spread of the ion beam- internal energy (molecules)
electron cooler
Control of external and internal degrees of freedom
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 8
Decay of excited states
Simply wait untilmetastable ionshave relaxed to
their ground state.
0 2 4 6 8
300
400
500
Storage time (s)
Count ra
te (
s-1)
S. Schippers et al.PRL 98 (2007) 033001
2s2p 3P0
decay
Be-like 47Ti18+
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 9
Reactionse.g. charge changing electron collisions
Reaction products • beams of high directionality• high particle energies in lab frame
e- beam
100% detection efficiency
electron-ion recombinationelectron-impact ionization of ions
collision experiments with dilute ensembles of particles
tunable relative energy: sub meV to sub MeV
Absolute !!! cross sections and rate coefficientsStefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 10
Recombination of C3+ Dielectronic Recombination (DR) resonances
-50
-45
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
0 1 2
mb
(10-10 cm3 s-1)
e- + C3+(1s22s) C2+(1s22p nl)
C2+(1s22s nl) C2+(1s22p n'l')+ photons
further radiative deexcitation
C2+
76
n=5
1s2 2s 2p 3P
1s2 2s2 1S
765
1s2 2
s nl
1s2 2
p nl
1s2 2p
En
erg
y (e
V)
1s2 2s
C3+
n=3
4
S. Schippers et al.,ApJ 555 (2001) 1027
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 11
What about more complex ions?
160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 3200.0
0.1
0.2
4d104f7 5g
4d104f7 5d
Osc
illat
or s
tren
gth
Excitation energy (eV)
4d94f9
for example: W20+(4d104f8)
COWAN code results
one-electron 4d or 4f excitations
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 12
Fine structure excitations
0 10 20 30 40 50
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
Life
time
(s)
Excitation energy (eV)
W20+(4f8 7F6 ® 4f8 2S+1LJ)
COWAN code results
293 excited levels
longest-lived are
3O12 : 68 000 s7F0 : 8 s5L8 : ~ 2 s
S. Schippers et al.,PRA 83 (2011) 012711
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 13
Density of doubly excited states
0 10 20 30 40 500
1
2
3
4
5
DO
S (
107 e
V -
1)
Excitation energy (eV)
W19+(4f8 nl) states with n £72
S. Schippers et al.,PRA 83 (2011) 012711
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 14
DR of Xe-like W20+(4f8)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.5
1.0
Rat
e co
effic
ient
(10
-8 c
m3 s
-1)
Electron-ion collision energy (eV)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
0.1
1
10
100
RR hydrogenic
energy range
of 4f8 fine-structure
excitations
S. Schippers et al.,PRA 83 (2011) 012711
factor of 3000difference
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 15
W20+ DR rate coefficient in a plasma
1 10 100
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7
TSR ( E > 47 eV )
Rec
ombi
natio
n ra
te c
oeff.
(cm
3 s-1)
Plasma temperature (eV)
RR hydrogenic
TSR
ADAS
0.01
0.1
Fractional abundance
S. Schippers et al.,PRA 83 (2011) 012711
factor of 4difference
factor of 3000difference
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 16
New theoretical W20+ DR calculations
N. R. Badnell, C. P. Ballance, D. C. Griffin, M. O’Mullane, PRA 85 (2012) 052716
fine structure included (IC)4d®4f contribution (IC)
no fine structure(LS-coupling)
TSR
TSR
statistical approach (full mixing, see also Dzuba et al. PRA 86 (2012) 022714 )
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 17
A simpler system: DR of Au20+(4f13)
C. Ballance et al., JPB 45 (2012) 045001; TSR: S. Schippers et al., Phys. Scr. T144 (2011) 014039
TSR
TSR
fine structureincluded (IC)
no fine structure(LS coupling)
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 18
Recombination of Wq+ (q=18-21)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
0.5
1.0
Rat
e co
effic
ient
(10
-8 c
m3 s
-1)
Electron-ion collision energy (eV)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
0.1
1
10
100
DR of W20+(4f8)
RR hydrogenic
PRA 83 (2012) 012711
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 19
0 50 100 150 200 250
0.0
0.5
1.0
Rat
e co
effic
ient
(10
-8 c
m3 s
-1)
Electron-ion collision energy (eV)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
0.1
1
10
100
RR hydrogenic
DR of W19+(4f9)TSR July 2011
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0.0
0.5
1.0
Rat
e co
effic
ient
(10
-8 c
m3 s
-1)
Electron-ion collision energy (eV)
10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
0.1
1
10
100
RR hydrogenic
DR of W18+(4f10)TSR June 2011
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0.0
0.5
1.0
Rat
e co
effic
ient
(10
-8 c
m3 s
-1)
Electron-ion collision energy (eV)
10-4 10-3 10-2
0.1
1
10
100
RR hydrogenic
DR of W21+(4f7)TSR February 2012
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 20
Wq+ (q=18-21) recombination in a plasma
1 10 100
10-10
10-9
10-8
10-7 W18+
W19+
W20+
W21+
Rec
ombi
natio
n ra
te c
oeff.
(cm
3 s-1)
Plasma temperature (eV)
TSR
ADAS
K. Spruck et al.(in preparation)
Conclusions
• Tungsten is used as a plasma facing wall-material in tokamak reactors.
• Quantitative plasma spectroscopy needs accurate plasma models.
• This requires accurate atomic data for tungsten ions.
• We measured dielectronic recombination of tungsten ions with open 4f shell.
• DR rate coefficients are found to be significantly larger than those from ADAS.
• Strong many-body effects make theoretical calculations difficult.
• Even new large-scale calculations do not agree with experiment.
• Novel theoretical approaches are being developed (statistical theory).
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 21
Collaborators & Funding
K. Spruck, D. Bernhardt, A. MüllerIAMP, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
M. LestinskyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung
M. Hahn, O. Novotný, D. W. SavinColumbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York
A. Becker, M. Grieser, C. Krantz, R. Repnow, and A. WolfMPI für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
Stefan Schippers, 16th ADAS Workshop, Cadarache, France, September 24, 2012 22
ADAS-EU