measures of scales
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Dr. Shanti TejwaniAsst. Prof. M.B. Khalsa Institute of Education, [email protected]
![Page 2: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
An attributes/ characteristics of thing ,objects or events which varies (which can different Values) is known as Variable.
Attandence of Students SexReligionBooks in libraryMode of journeyTime durationAggressionAngerAge
![Page 3: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Variables
Continuous
Discontinuous
Dichotomy
Polytomy
![Page 4: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
![Page 5: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Nominal Scale
1
2
3
4
![Page 6: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Categorization of data
Classified into category
Numbers forming a nominal scale are no more than labels used solely to identify different categories of responses
Example:
RELIGION
Hindu –1
Christian--2
Muslim---3
Buddhism----4
![Page 7: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The mode is the most frequent category –only statistics applicable to nominal variableNon Parametric Statistics ---- Chi- Square
![Page 8: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Secondplace
Firstplace
Thirdplace
![Page 9: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
An ordinal scale is more powerful than a nominal scale in that the numbers possess the property of rank order
Classification + Order
Examples : To categories people according to level of
Education
Punctuality
Home work
Cleanliness
![Page 10: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mode
Median
Percentile
Rank Difference Correlation (ρ)
![Page 11: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
5, 8, 10, 11
3, 6, 8, 9
![Page 12: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
An interval scale has all the properties of an ordinal scale and the differences between the scale values can be meaningfully interpreted
EXAMPLE
Achievement of the students
Creativity of Students
All Psychological Variable
![Page 13: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
9 | 13
![Page 14: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Mode
Median
Arithmetic Mean
Rank Difference correlation
Product Moment Correlation
Variance
![Page 15: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Kilogram
Gram
![Page 16: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
9 | 16
Ratio scales possess all the properties of an interval scale and the ratios of numbers on these scales have meaningful interpretations
Examples
Length of the Rod
Weight of School Bag
![Page 17: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mode
Median
Arithmetic Mean
Rank Difference correlation
Product Moment Correlation
Variance
![Page 18: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Type of
Scale
Data
Characteristics
Numerical
Operation
Descriptive
StatisticsExamples
Nominal Classification but no
order, distance, or
origin
Counting Frequency in each
category
Percent in each
category
Mode
Gender (1=Male,
2=Female)
Ordinal Classification and
order but no
distance or unique
origin
Rank ordering Median
Range
Percentile ranking
Academic status
(1=Professor
2= Associate
Professor
3= Assistant
Professor)
![Page 20: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Type of
Scale
Data
Characteristics
Numerical
Operation
Descriptive
StatisticsExamples
Interval Classification, order,
and distance but no
unique origin
Arithmetic
operations that
preserve order and
magnitude
Mean
Standard deviation
Variance
Temperature in
degrees
Ratio Classification, order,
distance and unique
origin
Arithmetic
operations on
actual quantities
Geometric mean
Coefficient of
variation
Age in years
Income
![Page 21: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Four levels of Measurements Nominal
◦ Measures categories
Ordinal◦ Categories + rank and order
Interval◦ Equal distance between any two consecutive
measures
Ratio◦ Intervals + meaningful zeros
![Page 22: Measures of scales](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022052621/5583f644d8b42a33318b4fa8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)