measurement, verification, and commissioning
DESCRIPTION
Measurement, Verification, and Commissioning. Why You Need M&V. To assure yourself that the project is performing as expected To report achieved savings to HUD To assure savings persistence To verify a savings guarantee or calculate the ESCO payment - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Measurement, Verification,and Commissioning
Why You Need M&V
To assure yourself that the project is performing as expected
To report achieved savings to HUD To assure savings persistence To verify a savings guarantee or calculate the ESCO
payment To establish basis for savings adjustments if needed
M&V Needs to Address 3 Things
How baseline of energy use or costs will be established
How energy savings after project installation will be determined
How the baseline will be adjusted if large changes in the operation of the building occur after project installation
The Concept of M&V Can be Simple
For Example:
– Average of energy bills for last 3 years gives a baseline of energy use or energy costs
– Compare energy bills after project installation to baseline to determine savings
– If large changes in the operation of the building occur, it may be necessary to adjust the baseline
Measurement and Verification Steps
Pre-ECM Installation
– Establish baseline energy use: established with most recent 3 years of utility data (usually the rolling base for contract)
– Verify baseline conditions: occupancy patterns, vacancy rates, equipment usage
– Determine appropriate M&V methodology to use and necessary details for data collection and reporting
Measurement and Verification Steps (cont.) Post-ECM Installation
– Verify installation and correct operation
– Verify ongoing potential to generate savings
– Adjust baseline energy use for material and weather changes, if necessary
– Quantify post-installation energy use
– Quantify energy and cost savings
– Report savings to HA on monthly or quarterly basis (annually to HUD)
Elements of Savings Determination
TimeTime
1) Baseline1) Baseline2) Baseline 2) Baseline oror Adjusted BaselineAdjusted Baseline
3) Post-ECM3) Post-ECM PerformancePerformance
Ener
gy U
sage
Ener
gy U
sage
ECMs ECMs InstalledInstalled
HereHere
““Contracted” SavingsContracted” Savings
““Apparent” SavingsApparent” Savings
Definitions
Baseline — mutually agreed upon, calculated or measured energy use and cost, usually an average of most previous 3 years of utility data
Post-ECM performance — post-ECM calculated or measured energy use and cost
Adjusted baseline — adjustments due to changes beyond the ESCO’s control, such as:– Occupancy, equipment loading or efficiencies, or building
usage changes– Set point changes– Physical changes to a building– Weather
Definitions (cont.)
Adjusted baseline — adjustments due to changes beyond the ESCO’s control, such as:– Occupancy or building usage– Set point temperatures or scheduling– Physical changes to building envelope or structure– Weather conditions– Equipment loading and/or operating efficiency– Recent maintenance work that affects equipment
operation or performance– Utility rate adjustment
Calculating Savings
“Apparent”Savings
Measured/ Calculated/ StipulatedPost-ECMPerformance
Baseline —
“Contracted”Savings = Adjusted
Baseline—
Measured/Calculated/StipulatedPost-ECMPerformance
=
Use Standard M&V Protocols
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP, formerly NEMVP) – The general guideline — a living document– 1-800-DOE-EREC or http://www.eren.doe.gov
Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) M&V Guidelines– Application of IPMVP for federal sector– 1-800-DOE-EREC or http://www.eren.doe.gov
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Guideline 14– Technical foundation– http://www.ashrae.org
M&V Options
A - Estimate performance & operation by ECM B - Measure performance & operation by ECM C - Measure combined performance/operation for
whole building or site D - Calibrate a model to Option B and/or C data,
estimate performance & operation
M&V Options: Cost vs. Accuracy
Customer and ESCO balance cost and accuracy
M&V Approach Accuracy (%) Approx. Cost (% of const. cost)
A +/- 20% 1% - 5%B +/- 10% - 20% 3% - 10%
C +/- 5% - 10% (w/ daily, hourly data), +/- 20% (w/ monthly data)
3% - 10% (w/ hourly monitored data), 1% - 3% (w/ monthly data)
D +/- 5%-10% 3% - 10%
M&V Reporting Requirements
Submitted monthly or quarterly (reports should clearly indicate performance period)
Data from reports will be used for annual reconciliation with HUD (ensure that all necessary data is available)
ESCOs should review reports quarterly with appropriate HA representative and request written acknowledgement/acceptance of report from HA
Reports should have a summary page of savings followed by details on approach used, assumptions, data sources, and calculations
M&V Reporting Requirements (cont.)
Reports should thoroughly document baseline adjustments, modifications to ECMs and resulting savings impacts, duration of impacts, and reasoning for variations in performance
ESCOs should provide contact information for M&V inquiries by HAs
Both cost and energy savings should be provided for each measure, where appropriate
Details on changes in utility costs should be provided
M&V Lessons Learned
Pick the right option(s)– Balance cost, accuracy, and technical appropriateness
Baselines– KISS (keep it simple stupid)– If you have historical data, use it– If not, collect what you need during project
development– Address baselines for every budget on the table
• Energy, maintenance, etc.
M&V Lessons Learned (cont.)
Energy savings determination
– KISS (keep it simple stupid)
– Live up to your obligations (e.g., baseline adjustments)
– Establish means of addressing unreported material changes and other savings disputes
Three Keys to Successful M&V
Keep it as simple as possible:
(1) It does need to provide a reasonable basis for determining the savings from your particular project
(2) It does need to provide a reasonable basis for verifying guarantees or determining payments
(3) It does not need to do more than (1) and (2)
Retrofit Commissioning
What is it? Systematic process that ensures that retrofit systems are
designed, installed, tested, and capable of being operated and maintained according to the owner’s needs
Insurance policy; ensures owners that projects will have expected (or higher) benefit-to-cost ratios and that buildings are safe and comfortable
Performance Frustrations
1994 study of 60 existing buildings:
– 50% suffered from control problems
– 40% had problems with HVAC equipment
– 33% experienced sensor malfunction
– 25% had inoperable EMCS, economizers, and/or variable-speed drives
– 15% were missing specified equipment
Benefits of Commissioning
Quality Assurance
– prevents problems from developing (fewer maintenance headaches)
– anticipates and regulates system interaction
– implements a method of meeting mechanical, electrical, and control requirements (incl. maintenance of equipment warranties)
Benefits of Commissioning (cont.)
Confirms Owners/Design Intent:
– resolves design problems
– improves performance of building equipment
– improves interactions between building systems
– improves IAQ and occupant comfort
TAB and Commissioning
Testing, adjusting and balancing (TAB):– adjustment of building air and water flows to meet design
specifications– does not ensure operational performance (efficiency,
control, system interaction)– a component of Commissioning
Commissioning is broader in scope:– diagnostic tests collect operational data to determine
whether problems exist– functional tests apply procedures that may reveal causes
of problems (efficiency, operational flaws)
The Commissioning Team
Building Owner or Owner’s Representative Commissioning Agent (ESCO Representative or 3rd Party) Designers Installation Contractor/Manufacturers Representative Building Operator Testing Specialist
Commissioning Plan
Drafted by Cx Agent (included in ESA), finalized with input from Cx team
Addresses the following issues:– Scope or level of commissioning– Commissioning schedule– Team member responsibilities– Communication, reporting, and management protocols– Documentation requirements– Detailed scope of testing– Detailed scope of monitoring– Recommended training format
Design Intent Documentation
Occupants’ assumed intention of the design and of the operation of the building
Detailed explanation and documentation of ideas, concepts, and criteria that define acceptable building operation
Defined by bid specifications for each system The commissioning agent must ensure that actual
performance of the building meets the design intent
Design Intent Documentation (cont.)
Addresses the following issues:
– System description
– Objectives and functional use of system
– Occupancy requirements
– IAQ
– Performance criteria (efficiency, energy, tolerances of IAQ)
– Budget considerations and limitations
– Restrictions and limitations of the facility’s systems
Commissioning CostsRetrofit Implementation Tasks Commissioning Tasks
Implementation Phase 1: Planning Perform energy and water
services audit Negotiate energy services
agreement
Chose ESCO or 3rd party to act as Cx agent Develop draft Cx plan with Cx agent and include as an
appendix in the ESA Include provisions for service payments based on completion
of Cx in ESAImplementation Phase 2: Design
Develop design and biddocuments
Review bid documents and incorporate commissioningspecifications
Review project design-intent documentation Hold Cx scoping meeting and finalize Cx plan
Implementation Phase 3: Installation Install equipment Start-up equipment
Develop prefunctional checklists Execute prefunctional checklists (correct minor deficiencies) Approve prefunctional checklists (demonstrating new
equipment is ready for functional testing)Implementation Phase 4: Acceptance
Submit final equipmentdocumentation
Perform operator training Accept retrofitted building
Develop functional test and diagnostic monitoring plans Execute monitoring and functional test plans (correct
deficiencies) Accept equipment performance
Implementation Phase 5: Post-Acceptance Perform ongoing operations and
maintenance Develop final Cx report Perform deferred testing (if necessary)
Commissioning Costs (cont.)Cx Scope Approximate Cost
Total-Building, incl.controls, electrical, andmechanical systems
0.5–1.5% of total constructioncontract cost
HVAC and automatedcontrols systems
1.5–4.0% of mechanical contractcost
Electrical Systems 1.0–1.5% of electrical contract cost
“Must-Commission” Retrofits
Lighting control (daylighting, occupancy sensors) Energy management control systems/strategies Pneumatic equipment HVAC-related plant equipment Air-distribution systems