sgc measurement technologies ... for productian of electricity and heat. ... techniques for transit...

Report SGC 029

CATALOGUE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND

DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IN SWEDEN

Issue no. 4

September 1992

SGC Rapport SGC 029 ISSN 1102-7371 ISRN SGC-R--29--SE

Report SGC 029

CATALOGUE OF GAS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND

DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS IN SWEDEN

Issue no. 4

September 1992

Table of Contents Page

Foreword l

Classification by area of Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) within Energy Gas Technology 2

Abbreviations 3

Information on RD&D projects (completed, in progress and planned)

l General research and development 2 Exploration, recovery and production 3 Transmission, distribution, storage 4 Industrial applications 5 Space heating, applications for households

and related areas 6 Gasengines and gas-hased cogeneration 7 Other uses of gas

8 Measurement technologies

9 Additional areas of interest

l. l 2.1 3.1 4.1

5.1 6.1 7 .l 8.1 9.1

Addresses Appendix

Foreword

The present catalogue is the fourth compilation of RD&D (Research, Development and Demonstration) projects in gas research in Sweden. For the present, only natural gas and LPG-related projects are included. However, other areas of energy gas, for example, biogas, coal gas and hydrogen gas, may be added in time. The catalogue is up-dated every y ear.

The concept RD&D has been given a broad interpretation in the catalogue. Because gas technology is relatively new in Sweden, it seems justified to include even those projects that are not, strictly speaking, RD&D projects, if they contribute to the general advancement of knowledge in the area of gas technology.

The projects have been classified into nine areas in accordance with the list on the next page. Bach area encompasses projects that have been completed, are in progress, or are in the planning stage. Projects completed in and before 1989 are not included here, but can be found in the previous issues of the project catalogue. For certain of the planned projects, nothing is found under the headings, "ordered by/financed by" or under "carried out by". Such projects are, for all practical purposes, to be considered project ideas which can be taken up and developed by any interested party.

Information about the projects can be obtained from the persons listed as project leaders, contact persons, etc. At the end of the catalogue, you will find the addresses of the companies where the contact persons may be reached. Reports from Vattenfall (Swedish State Power Board) can also be obtained from their Älvkarleby laboratory. In general all reports are in Swedish.

Swedish companies and organizations conducting or planning to conduct a project not included in this catalogue are encouraged to send in project data to the Swedish Gas Technology Center, Ltd (SGC). The projects will thereby be published in the next issue of the catalogue. ,

SGC is a joint organization of the Swedish Gas Association (Svenska Gasföreningen), Vattenfall Natural Gas Ltd (Vattenfall Naturgas AB) Southem Gas, Ltd (Sydgas, AB), Southern Sweden Power Supply Ltd, (Sydkraft AB), Malmoe Energy Ltd (Malmö Energi AB) and Gothenburg Energy Ltd (Göteborg Energi AB).

Classification by area of Research-Developmentand-Demonstration within ENERGY GAS TECHNOLOGY

l General research and development, e.g. combustion, emissions, gas analysis, gas quality, interchangeability

2 Exploration, recovery and productian

3 Transmission, distribution, storage

4 Industrial applications

5 Space heating, applications for households and related areas

6 Gas engines and gas-based cogeneration

7 Other uses of gas, e.g, COz-in plant cultivation, heat pumps, vehicles and chemical raw materials

8 Measurement technologies

9 Additionalareas of interest, e.g. security, standards, manuals, load management, environmental impact

(The term gas includes as weil LPG and LNG.)

ABBREVIATIONs USED IN THIS CATALOGUE Organizations BFR

DTI

EGIL

FTC

GC

GE

GU K1H

L1H LU

ME NGC NUTEK

SA

SAMKO

SEU SG

SGC SGF

SK

SKKB

SNV

SP SSF

STATT S1EV

STU

sv sv ss

Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm (Byggforskningsrådet)

Department of Control and Maintenance, Lund Institute of Technology (Drifttekniska Institutionen vid L1H, Malmö) The Gas Research Institute, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund (Energi gasinstitutet vid L 1H, Lund) Combustion Centre, Lund Institute ofTechnology, Lund (Förbränningstekniskt Centrum, L 1H, Lund) The Gas Centre (GasCentrum). Ceased to exist in the Spring of 1990. Its activities were transferred to the Swedish Gas Technology Center (SGC)

Gothenburg Energy Ltd (Göteborg Energi AB) The University of Gothenburg (Göteborgs Universitet) Royal Institute of Technology (Kungl Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm)

Lund Institute of Technology (Lunds Tekniska Högskola) Lund University (Lunds Universitet) Malmoe Energy Ltd (Malmö Energi AB)

Nordie Gas Technology Center (Nordisk Gasteknisk Center) National Board for Industrial and Technical Development (Närings- och teknikutvecklingsverket)

The Swedish Plant Inspectorate, Stockholm (Statens Anläggningsprovningar)

The Southem Gas Company's Joint Committee (Sydgasföretagens samarbetskommitte) Swedish Energy Development, Ltd (Svensk Energiutveckling AB)

Southem Gas, Ltd (Sydgas AB)

Swedish Gas Technology Center Ltd (Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB) Swedish Gas Association (Svenska Gasföreningen)

Southem Sweden Power Supply (Sydkraft AB)

Southem Sweden Power Supply Consultants, Ltd (Sydkraft Konsult AB) National Environmental Protection Agency (Statens Naturvårdsverk)

National Testing Institute (Statens Provningsanstalt)

Sydkraft's Research Foundation (Sydkrafts Forskningsstiftelse) Swedish Technical Attache system (Sveriges Tekniska Attacheer) The National Energy Administration (Statens Energiverk, now NU1EK)

The National Board for Technical Development (Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling, now NU1EK) Swedish State Power Board (Vattenfall AB, Stockholm) A joint organization of SwedeGas, The Swedish State Power Board, Sydgas and Sydkraft (Ceased to exist in the Spring of 1990. Its activities were transferred to the Swedish Centre for Gas Technology (SGC)

SWG SwedeGas, Ltd, now Vattenfall Natural Gas Ltd TFB Transpon Research Board (Transponforskningsberedningen)

TG Terminal Gas, Ltd (Terminalgas AB) TVE Theoren and VBB, Energy Consultants (Theoreii och VBB Energikonsulter) VES Vattenfall Energy Systems Ltd (Vattenfall Energisystem AB) VF Thermal Engineering Research Institute (Värmeforsk, Stockholm)

VNG Vattenfall Natural Gas Ltd (Vattenfall Naturgas AB) ÅF The Swedish Steam Users Association Consultants

(ÅngpanneFöreningen, ÅF Energikonsult)

Schedule Compl

Compll990

Compl Feb 1990

Curr

Curr 1990--1992

Plan

Plan 1993

The project has been completed

The project was completed in 1990

The project was completed in February of 1990

The project is currently in progress

The project began in 1990, estimated completion: during the course of 1992

The project is planned

The project is planned to be carried out in 1993

GAS TECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 1.1

l. GENERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Canied Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Report designanon designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

STU PULSA TING COMBUSTION WITH LOW STU Teknisk C om p l Elizabeth Lindqvist, 88-4139 FREQUENCY SOUND akustik, Aug 1990 NUTEK

lntroduction stage. CTH

VF LIMITATION OFNOx BY W ATER INJECTION. Värmeforsk TVE Compl Göran Fermbäck, G8-806 PHASE l- PRELIMINARY STUDY Dec 1990 VBBVIAK

A study of the feasibility of lim i ting NOx forma- VF report no 384 tion in bollers by using water injection, including a proposal for a main study comprising practical experiments.

VF CA TAL YTIC BURNERS FOR NATURAL GAS Värmeforsk KatatorHB Compl Jan Brandin, G8-819 Development of a catalytic burner for natural gas Jan 1991 KatatorHB

Part l. Obtaining model-seale burners. VF report no 396

sv 98453 VARIATIONSIN GAS QUALITY Vattenfall Vattenfall, Compl Kjell Steen, 14001 Light is shed on the following issues: What BES section 1991 BEP, Vattenfall

variations can occur? How weil do various devices avaliable at present cope with such variations? Is it possible to recommend limit valnes and test methods?

VF EMISSIONS DURING TURBULENT COM- Värmeforsk LTH, Värme- Compl Tord Torisson, G8-706 BUSTION och Kraft- 1992 Värme- och Kraft-

The project, designed to provide new knowledge of teknik teknik, LTH the area, includes evaluation of various calculation V arious post gradnate techniques for the prediction of emissions during research reports. turbulent combustion. Intemal brief VF

report

STEV V ARIATIONS IN GAS TEMPERATURE AND NUTEK DTI Compl Sören Dahlin, DTI 656 ITS EFFECT ON OPERATION AND 1992 083 MAINTENANCE

An investigation into how temperatures of as Iow as -30 °C influence the functioning as weil as of the reliability of safety and control equipment

VF CATALYTICBURNERFORNATURALGAS. Värmeforsk Katator, Compl Lars H Andersson, Gl-103 A CONTINUING PROJECT. STAGE l Lund 1992 KatatorHB

Objective: To obtain deeper knowledge of a burner VF report is expected model that was produced earlier as a basis for the during autumn 1992 development of a prototype burner.

Descriotion: In an earlier project (G8-819) a catalytic burner was developed. In the project will be investigated: -other materials, especially ceramic fibers - fuel supply in detail -the activity profile in the bed -alternative material in the thermal buffer - LNG and hydrogen (previously only natural gas)

GAS TECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECTS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 1.2


Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Repon designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

STEV COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY NUTEK LTH, Curr I986- Marcus Alden, 276 Basic experimental studies of chemical com- Fysik -1993 Fysik, LTH 282 bustian kinetics.

STEV CATALYTIC DENITRIFICATION NUTEK LTH Curr 1987- Ingemar Odenbrand, 276 Catalytic reduction ofNOx. -1992 LTH 150

STEV SETTING UP A GAS RESEARCH LABORA- NUTEK Vänne-och Curr 1988- Tord Torisson, 656 TORY AT THE LUND INSTITUTE OF Kraft,LTH -1992 Vänneo Kraft, L TH 100 TECHNOLOGY

STU SYSTEMS FOR AIR/FUEL-RATIO NUTEK DTI Curr 1989- Sören Dahlin, DTI 89-1039 REGULATION -1992 90-928 A study of control systems, inter atia control 90-180 systems with pneumatic (as opposed to mechanic)

coupting between air and gas. Post graduate researe .

sv NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION, A STUDY Vattenfa!V VänDeoch Curr 1989- Tord Torisson, LTH 93741 OFMODELS /SV, SK, Kraft,LTH -1992

Development of various methods for calculation ABB Stal of combustion processes with applications for combustion chambers and steam boilers, that is, for productian of electricity and heat.

STU PULSAT!NG COMBUSTION NUTEK LTH Curr 1989- Ebbe Lundgren, L TH, 88-4140 Thearetic al aspeels of pulsating combustion. Mekanik, -1993 Mikael Näslund, L TH

Development of simulation models in conjunction Vänneo with experimental studies Kraft

DIRECT USE OF GAS CONDENSATE Vattenfall Vattenfall Curr 1990- Kari Lähdemäki, Techniques for transit and variations in quatity, -1992 Vattenfall Energi-inter alia, are studied. system AB

SGC THE 1990--1993 THE GAS TECHNOLOGY V änneforskf Curr 1990- Total cosls 4,0 MSEK 90.62 PROGRAM AT THE THERMAL ENGINEERINC /Govemment -1993 Karin Förstberg, VF

RESEARCH !NSTITUTE (V ÄRMEFORSK) andcommer- Jörgen Thunell, SGC The objective is to generate R&D resulls that are cia! and indu- See also particular useful for the industry. Such resulls shall be of striallife VF-projecls a scientific nature with the emphasisis on research. Individual projects wiU be approved by the lostitutes' research group for gas technology, which includes representatives from SGC. There will be on-going progress repons in the fonn of Värmeforsk Repans.

STEV FORMATION AND REDUCTION OF NUTEK CTH Curr I991- Jim Olsson, CTH 276 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS -1993 262 Investigation of fonnation and reduction of nilroger

compounds in laminar fiames and flow vectors.



Intemal PROJECT NAME Ordered by/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

RESEARCH BOlLER AT THE ROY AL NU1EK KTH Curr Sten Frostäng, NU"IER INSTITU1E OF TECHNOLOGY (KTH) 1992- Gunnar Svedberg, A research hoiler of 14 MW for, inter alia, KTH natural gas has been installed. The hoiler is in drift.

VF CAT AL YTIC LA YERS IN HEAT Vänneforsk KatatorHB Curr 1992- Lars H Andersson, Gl-202 EXCHANGERS Lund -1993 Katator HB, Lund

Objective: To increase the knowledge of catalytic Proj east 0,7 MSEK combustion and, at the same time, heat exchange conditions in the industrial processes.

Description: The project consists of four parts: - A survey of the areas of application for the

technique in question - Investigation of methods for coating of a heat

exchanger surface with a catalyst - Development of a simulation modet - Practical testing in a modet heat exchanger

CA TAL YTIC COMBUSTION NUTEK Technology Plan 1992 Stefan Montin, Investigation into the conditions for initiating Institute NU1EK basic research and development efforts in Sweden. Bengt Kasemo, CTH

Sven Jän\s, KTH

•


2. EXPLORATION, RECOVERY, PRODUCTION

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Conract persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designalian designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

sv THE DEEP GAS PROJECT Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl Hans Gransell, 98460 A geological and scientific evaluation. 1991 Vattenfall

A nomber of sub-reports are available.

'


3. TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, STORAGE

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Repon designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

sv DET AILED PLANNING OF NATURAL GAS Vattenlall Vattenlall Compl Lars Winter, 98452 SYSTEMS WITH PC-CAD 1990 BEP, SV 02030 Information transfer between different types of

CAD-systems, education, evaluation and test-planning.

sv ss NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF PE-JOINTS. SGI SA, Compl Rolf Mårtensson, SG 89.06 A PRELIMINAR Y STUDY /SK, SV Stockholm 1990 SK 90.24 Literature search and compilation of data on

international equipment and experience. Evaluation of reliability.

SGC THE EFFECTS OF LPG CONDENSATE Lunds TUMAB, Compl Rolf Jönsson, 89.07 ONPE-PIPES Energiverk/ Landskrona 1991 Lunds Energiverk

The project goal was to examine the influence of /GC, Aeming Varmedal, odonrants and LPG condensate on PE-tubes. Vattenlall TUMAB Used as weil as new, black and yellow, PE-tubes Repon SGC 012 have been tested. Resulls from welding tests show !hat bult welding should be avoided for tubes which have been in operation with LPG or natural gas for a Iong period of time.

VF V ACUUM INSULATION FOR CONDENSED Värmeforsk studsvik Compl Stefan Swebilius, G8-911 NATURALGAs 1990 Studsvik

A study of the conditions required for the introducti n VF report no. 374 of components (pipe Iines, etc.) composed of an outer and inner casing with infusorial silicon under vacuum as insolation.

ANAL YSIS OF RISKS IN LPG STA TIONS Sydkraft, Sydkrafi, Compl Sigvard Trönell, The purpose is to determine the risk for personal Neste TVQsection 1990 SKKB injury as weil as damage of material. The analysis Intemal repon is includes determination of the ratedcases of in jury available. ordamage as weil as probability-and-consequence analysis of the dominant sequence of events.

SV COMPONENTS FABRICATED IN COMPO- SwedeGas, ABB Plast, Compl Rolf Mattsson, 93753 SlTE MATERIALS Vattenfall, Vattenfall, 1990 S ture Öqvist,

Preliminary study of components in composile ABB Plast, BEP section ABB Plast material for distribution networks as weil as lndustridep Björn Svensson, VNG demonstration of pressure vessels for a natural SV repon UG 89-2 gas bus in Malmö.

SK 90.14 REPAIR METHODS FOR IDGH PRESSURE Sydgas/ Sydgas Compl Philip Östberg, SG LINES /Sydkraft 1990 Repon is available Methods for making welding connections in ter alia, under conditions of full operation.



Intemal PROJECT NAME Onleredby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

sv PLASTIC LINERS IN NA TIJRAL GAS Vattenfall, Vattenfall Compl Anders Boden, BEL, 98462 STORAGE FACILITIES Sydlaaft, (BEL), 1990 SV !()()()() The objective is to develop a plastic laminate that studsvik studsvik (The project is a part SK 90.03 can constilute a technically and economically of the Grängesberg

competitive alternative for sealing. Long-tenn project.) testing is included.

SGC SYSTEMS OPTIMIZA TION WITH REGARD Sydgas 1UMAB Compl Rolf Mårtensson, SG 90.26 TO THE LINE PRESSURE 1991 Report SGC 001

A 4 bar system was compared to a 0.1 bar, and a 16 bar system to a 4 bar. No economic advantage was found for choosing a system with the higher pressure. The 16 bar pressure is mainly used for transmission systems. The profitability of such systems, as compared to the 4 bar system, is affected by the fact that 16 bar systems require a load of at !east 75 MW and have a minimum of 5 km between the M/R station and the user.

sv PLASTIC PIPES FOR GAS DISTRIBUTION Vattenfall, studsvik Compl PL: Tomas Tränkner, 93791 An investigation the properties of materials in Studsvik, 1991 Studsvik

PE-pipes as weil as their commercial applications. Neste Polyeten Kari Lähdemäki, BES, Contents: Study of the literature, properties, AB Vattenfall methods for quick quality conlrOI, environmental impact.

sv COOLED NATIJRAL GAS STORAGE VattenfalV Vattenfall Compl Anders Boden, FACILITIES /Diff Nordie 1991 BEL, SV The project consists in developing a functioning financers J oint Nordie project. and economic method for storing cooled natural gas so as to thereby increase storage capacity.

sv OPTIMAL DESIGN OF M/R-STATIONS Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl Rolf Mattson, BEP, 93769 Feasibility study and recommendations regarding 1991 sv

arrangements for recovering eleclrical energy from On ly intemal SV expanding natural gas during pressure reduction in report M/R stations.

SGC LEAK DETECTION IN GAS LINES. SGC Sydkraft, Compl Charlotte Rehn, 91.06 METHODS AND EQUIPMENT Konsult AB, Dec 1991 SKKB

Experience shows that 1eak detection methods used EGS section Report SGC 009 today are satisfactory. The instruments are con-structed using one of the following principles: flame ionization, semiconductors, catalytic detectors or difference in sound velocity. The instruments most commonly used in S weden are of the flame ionization type. The gas dislributor"s main requirements for the equipment are that l) it be simple, sturdy and durable, 2) speedy ser-vice is provided. 3) Normall y, there is no require-ment for high sensitivity to low concentrations.

GAS 1ECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 3 .3


Intemal PROJECT NAME Ordered try l Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

SK 90.23 REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIAL USED Sydgas Sydkraft, Compl Lars Clemensson, FOR PACKING GAS LINES Konsult AB 1991 SKKB The report deals with the current instructions for Report SGC 004 packing PEgas Iines. In addition, the influence on the pipe of a point load as well as of an uneven bedding are presente<!. Finall y referring to practical experience, recommendations are given, as to how to pack a gas Iine.

SK 90.20 COATING OF STEEL PIPES IN ROCKY Sydgas sydkraft Compl Göran Tillberg, SG TERRAIN 1991 Report from stage l Investigation of suitable form and appropriate is available. material for the coating of steel pipes 1ocated in rocky terrain.

SGC NEW METHODS FOR LA YING PE-PIPES SGC OveRibber- Comp1 Lars Clemensson, 90.25 The project includes an in ventory of varioos laying ström Pro- 1992 SKKB

techniques with the emphasis on non-conventional jektering Total rogs0,04 MSEK methods such as ploughing, hurizontal pressure drive and boring. The survey willresull in a pro-posal for a program of action for the development and demonstration of new pipe-laying techniques.

SGC BUTT WELDING AND FUSION WELDING. SGC TUMAB Compl Rolf Mårtensson, SG 91.04 ASPECTS OF COSTS 1992 Total cost 0,2 MSEK

It is possible to achieve satisfactory quality in welding plastic pipes using bult welding and electrc fusion welding. The investigation shall show whic method is optimal for different dimensions and also compare costs for various manufacturers. Cost com parisons will be carried out for normal laying conditions.

SK 90.01 MEASUREMENT OF FLOW BALANCE IN Sydkraft Sydkraft Compl Björn Heden, SKKB NATURAL GAS STORAGE FACILITIES, Konsult AB 1992 INCLUDING CHECKING FOR GAS LEAKAGE Underground storage of natural gas is studied for a nomber of alternative storage concepts. Measure-ment methods and measurement accuracy for filting as well as emptying of the storages are of special significance.

SGC PLOUGHING OF GAS PIPES - MALMÖ SGC Malmö Compl Håkan Haglund, ME 91.01 U sing the ploughing technique, 3 km of Dy 90 m n Energiand 1992 AlfLindmark, SGI

PE-pipes with 2,5 mm thick coating were laid in Statens Geo- Report SGC 019 farmland in Glostorp, j ost outside of Malmoe. logiska Insti-The technique worked well and the total cost was tut (SGI) ca. 180 SEK/m, as compared to the 390 SEK/m estimated) cost for conventional pipe-laying for the same distance. Cost differences depend great! y, however, on the terrain conditions.



Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

SGC PLOUGIDNG GAS PIPES--GOTHENBURG SGC Göteborg Compl Nils Granstrand, GE 91.08 U sing direct ploughing, 640 m of PE gas pipe Energi AB 1992 Total cost 0,2 MSEK

with an outer diameter of 160 mm and without andSGI protective enating were laid directly in loose clay. Aspects which were studied in the project are, among others: l) Compilation of geotechnical conditions 2) Choice of laying methods and rnachine equip-

ment 3) Tests of methods for passage of intersecting

Iines 4) MoniiDring of performance 5) Economic results.

SGC FIELD SORTING OF FILUNG MASS WHEN SGC Sydkraft Compl Rolf Mårtensson, SG 91.05 LA YING PE-PIPES WITH A LA YING BOX Service AB 1992 Göran Lustig, Syd-

Demonstration project in which a laying box and kraft Service AB soning of excavated material are employed so as ID Total cost 0,4 MSEK later use the excavated material as filler in the place of grave!.

Soning works and a laying rnachine are attached ID an excavaiDr which lays the excavated material iniD the laying box. From this material, one obtains suitable filler, which then goes directly to the laying box via a conveyor. Correcmess of covering and fraction of the mass are ensured according ID NGDN90.

SGC LARGE GAS P!PES OF PE Sydgas Sydkraft, Compl Sigvard Trönell, 90.22 To provide an answer ID the question: under what Konsult AB 1992 SKKB

circumstances are PE pipelines with diameters Total cost 0,2 MSEK greaterthan 225 mm suitable for gas distribution?

sv GAS STORAGE DEVELOPMENT IN SINTEF SINTEF, Curt 1988- Anders Bod~n. SV 98460 SCANDINA VlA (GUN) (Norway), Vattenfall until furthe Mats Alestam, SKKB 05001 Mode! calculations of concrete barriers for natural Statkraft, (BEL) notice SK 90.02 gas in underground siDrage, both for normal Neste, SV,

temperatures and in conled storage areas. SWG, SK

STEV BRITTLE FRACTURES IN GAS PIPES NUTEK/ KTH Curr 1989- Rolf Sandström, KTH 656 Development of design criteria and the like. /NUTEK, SK -1992 Anders Molin, SKKB 108 SK 90.31

GAS TECHNOLOOY RD&D PROJECTS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 3.5


Intemal PROJECT NAME Ordered by/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designalian designa- Project cost. etc. tion

STEV STORAGE METHODS FOR NATURAL NUTEK CTH Stage 1: Project leader Ulf 656 GAS/LPG (GENERAL PROGRAMMEj Curr 1988- Lindblom, CTH 087 Area of research: -1992 Cost Stage l: 3 MSEK

- Models for calculation of rock mechanics " Stage 2: 6,5 MSEK - Determination of parameters for underground Stage 2:

material Curr 1992-- Interaction of storage products/lining/rock -1994

The project is being carried out in close connection with the operations at the pilot facility at Röda Sten in Gothenburg.

STEV BASIC RESEARCH INTO THE USE OF NUTEK KTHand Stage l: UlfGedde, 656 PLASTIC PIPING FOR GAS DISTRIBUTION studsvik Compl Pol ymerteknologi, 109 Clarification of the relationschip beween molecular 1991 KTH STU structure fracture mechanics and environmental Stage 2: Stage 2: 1,2 MSEK 89-2294 impact. Curr 1991-91-1169 -1993

STEV CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND NUTEK CTH Stage 1: Ulf Lindblom, CTH 654 ROCK CA VITY LABORATOR Y, "RÖDA STEN' and others Compl 004 Chalmers Institute of Technology is building a 1991

permanent test facility for gas storage research in Stage 2: Röda Sten,Gothenburg, in cooperation with Curr 1991-Göteborg Energi, NCC, the Swedish State Power -1992 Board (Vattenfal), Southem Sweden Power Supply, Ltd. (Sydkraft AB), Shell, British Gas and Brooklyn Union Gas.

SK 90.19 REFERENCES FOR ULTRASONIC TESTING Sydgas Sydkraft Curr 1990- Göran Tillberg, SG Swedish authorities require today that ultrasonic -1992 equipment for checking of pipe material be calibrated for errors of plus or minus 5 % of the thickness of the material (N5-notch). Intemationall , 10% of thickness (NIO) is used. The study will establish requirements for calibration tolerance.

SK 90.10 CORROSION PROBLEMS IN DISTRIBUTION Sydgas/ Sydkraft Curr 1990- Åsa Marbe, SKKB LINES /Sydkraft Konsult AB -1992 Hans Erik Edwall, SG Included are alternating current corrosion, measure-ment methods, cathodic protection, Iine coating, valve arrangements and corrosion in protection piJK .

SK 90.11 IDGH PRESSURE PIPE LINE SYSTEMS Sydgas/ Sydkraft, Curr 1990- Göran Tillberg, SG V arious studies regarding choice of material /Sydkraft Konsult AB -1992 Philip Östberg, SG and welding methods.

sv PILOT FACILITY FOR NATURAL GAS Vattenfall/ BPN Curr 1991- Christer Kallmen, SG 98466 STORAGE IN GRÄNGESBERG (FIG 3) /Sydgas, /Skanska -1992 Total cost 4.5 MSEK STEV Construction, testing and evaluation of three Sydkraft, 654 storage concepts: thin plate, thick plate and NUTEK, 013 plastic-lined storage facilities. VNG,

Skanskaand others



Intemal PROJECT NAME Onleredby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Repon designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

VF WELDING METHODS FOR PE-PIPES FOR Värmeforsic StudsvikAB Curr 1991- Mats Ifwarson, Gl-108 GAS DISTRIBUTION -1992 StudsvikAB

Objective: To lind and cbaracterize critical processe Total cost 0,7 MSEK during welding as weil as to show suitable, time efficient methods of quality control. Description: The project includes producing test material (welded PE-pipes), testing (pressure, tension, stress etc), and post-analysis (fractography and structural analyses).

SGC TESTING OF PE-PIPES FOR LPG DISTRIBU- SGC Vattenfall, Curr 1991- Bo Berggren, SV 90.60 TION BES -1992 Jonas Forsman, VES

Objective: To investigate the resistance ofPE- Total cost 0,3 MSEK pipes to long-term exposure to LPG condensate.

Description: PE-pipes that were osed for live years for distribution of LPG in Kalix will be dug up and transponed to studsvik for tests and analyses. Tests will also be carried out on unexposed pipes.

SK 90.34 DISTRIBUTING LPG IN THE LIQUID PHASE Terminalgast Sydkraft Curr 1991- Mikleo Ronkainen, Advantages and limitations of the distribution of /Sydkraft Konsult AB -1992 TG LPG in the liquid phase, e.g. material and length of Iines.

SGC THE INTERNATIONAL PE-PIPE PROJECT SGC, SV, StudsvikAB Curr 1991- Bo Berggren, SV 91.10 EVOPE Gaz de France, -1994 Cost Swedish share:

The project is a joint effon of the Swedish State !talgas 3,5 MSEK Power Board, Gaz de France and !talgas. The Swedish research activities will be carried out by Studsvik AB. Taking into consideration a nomber of factors that influence the length of Iife of PE-pipes, a calculation mode! shall be developed. The Swedish part in the project will mainly consist of studies of reological behavior and slow crack growth.

SGC TENSION IN JUNCTIONS IN LONG PE- SGC sydkraft Curr Olle Johansson, ME 92.01 PIPELINES Konsult AB 1992

Longitudinal movement in PE-pipes eaused by temperature variations could give rise to tensions in junctions between a main pipe and its branches. Tbeoretical and practical investigations should answer the question of whether the tensions are acceptable or not



nternal PROJECT NAME Onleredby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost etc. tio n

SGC DESIGN CRITERIA FOR GAS DISTRIBUTION SGC Sydkrnft Curr Rolf Mårtensson, SG 92.02 PIPES. A LITERATURE SEARCH Konsult AB 1992 Total cm 0,05 MSEK

There exist a nomber of computer calculation programs for design criteria in gas distribution Iines. There are as yet no "reliability analyses" of such programs. The project as a whole in-cludes an evaluation of some existing programs, measurements of an existing gas network as weil as a comparison between die measured and die calculaled data for die existing networks. This partial project includes only a literature search.

SK 90.35 MODUL-BASED LPG STA TIONS Terminalgas/ Sydkrnft Curr Mikko Ronkainen, Standardization and simplification in die design of /Sydkrnft Konsult AB 1992 TG LPG stations aims at adapting die stations to new Ola Hall, SKKB areas of use for LPG.

SK 90.06 CONVERSION OF EXISTING UNDER- Sydgas, Sydkraft Curr Mikko Ronkainen, GROUND ROCK RESERVOIRS TO LPG Terminalgas 1992 Terminalgas STORAGE FACILITIES Christer Kallmen, SG Storage of LPG dlrough conversion of existing underground reservoirs for oil storage.

SK 90.08 STORAGE OF COOLED NATURAL GAS IN Sydgas/ Sydkraft, Plan Christer Kal1men, SG V APOUR PHASE /Sydkraft CTH 1992

SK 90.07 STORAGE OF LPG IN SMALLER UNDER- Terminalgas/ Sydkraft Plan Mikko Ronkainen, GROUND ROCK RESERVOIRS. PILOT /Sydkrnft 1992 Terminalgas FACILITY

SK 90.33 PREPAREDNESSREQUIREMENTSFOR Terminalgas/ Sydgas, Plan Mikko Ronkainen, LPG/NATURAL GAS TG,SG Terminalgas 1992 TG

SK 90.04 DEMONSTRATION FACILITY FOR Sydgas/ Sydkraft Plan 1993- Christer Kallmen, SG NATURAL GAS STORAGE /Sydkrnft -1994 Demonstration of natural gas storage in lined underground rock reservoirs.

INCREASING THE PRESSURE IN PE- Sydgas Svenska Gas- Plan Rolf Mårtensson, SG SYSTEMS föreningen A study from British An investigation of die feasibility of working w i dl Gas is expecled. higher pressures dian PE-pipes at present are raled for.

PLOUGHING GAS PIPES- METHOD SGC Starens Geo- Plan Olle Johansson, ME DEVELOPMENT WITH REGARD TO DRAIN logiska Inst 1992 PIPE PROBLEMS

GAS 1ECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 4.1

4. INDUSTRIAL APPLICA TIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Ordered l:rtl Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

VF IR-RADIATORS FOR INDUSTRIAL USE- Vänneforsk DTI, Malmö Compl Michael Johansson, G5-515 - MEASUREMENT REPORT March 199( DTI

Furtber studies with resulls from, inter alia, CO (Interna! VF report) and NOx-measurements. Concentrations immedi-ately adjacent ID the rndia!Dr are between 10 and 40 ppm for CO and between 10 and 20 ppm for NC A.

VF RECUPERATIVE AND REGENERATIVE Vänneforsk DTI,Malmö Compl Sören Dahlin, DTI G5-601 BURNERS IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. March 199( (Interna! VF report)

EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ON RECUPERATIVE BURNERS Measurements of NOx from an existing bumer. NOx contents as a function of the air preheat temperature are given.

STU CONVERSION FROM OIL TO NATURAL STU Fundia Bygg, C om p l Birgitta Lindblad, 89-1266 GAS IN PUSHER TYPE FURNACES SWG Jemkon!Dret, 1990 Jemkon!Dret

Study of changes in productivity, energy consump- SK K1Hand Rolf Collin, KTH tion and oxide scale formation during conversion of others Mats Johansson, AGA a fumace at Fundia Bygg AB (formerly Halmstad Jemkon!Dret report Jemverk) from oil!D natural gas. K1H have is available. carried out mathematical modelling.

SWG CONVERSION OF A BAKERY OVEN FROM SwedeGas El- och Compl Thomas Carlqvist, 01.3 ELECTRICITY TONATURAL GAS Gasteknik AE ' 1990 sv

Demonstration project with the conversion of Dahlen AB Lars E Andersson, an existing oven. El- o. Gasteknik AB

Report is available.

SGC GASEOUS FUELS IN GLASS FURNACES. NGCand Glasforsk- C om pi Intemal NGC-report. 90.55 A PRELIMINAR Y STUDY others ningsinsti- 1991

Objective: To develop a basis for possible decision tutet, Växjö regarding extensive research and development efforts conceming naturnl gas and LPG as fuels for glass furnaces.

Description: The preliminary stud y includes investi a-tion of the literature, markel analyses, study visits and contacts with British Gas. The srudy will also resull in the presentation of proposals for continued efforts in this area.

HEA TING OF ZINK BA 1HS WI1H NATURAL SwedeGas El- och Gas- Compl Ingemar Gunnarsson, GAS IMMERSION HEATERS telmik AB 1991 NGC A pilot project including heating and meJting of Intemal report is zink with natural gas in the place of electricity. available.


4. INDUSTRIAL AP PLI CA TIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Canied Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Report designation designa- Project cosl, etc. tio n

SGC INTEGRATED USE OF NATURAL GAS IN Helsingborg Sydkmft Compl Göran Persson, 90.53 LAUNDRIES Energi/GC, Konsult AB, 1991 Helsingborg Energi

The project goal was to build a demonstration plant Tvättman EGU section Ola Hall, SKKB for direct heating with natural gas in a drying drum. Total cost 0,4 MSEK A Passat253 d drying drum was converted from Report SGC 011 steam heating with a steam pressure of l O bar to Demo sheet no 2 direct heating with natural gas. The energy demand decreased by 55% and the drying time by 15 %. In addition NO,. and C~ emissions were reduced by 55 %, due to the Iower energy consumption. Pay-off time is three years with present gas price and operating time.

SGC CONVERSION OF ALUMINUM MELTING SGC Sydkraft, C om p l Anders Molin, SK 90.59 FURNACES. A PRELIMINARY STUDY Konsult AB, 1991 Ola Hall, SK

The aim of this study was to evaluate different EGU section Total cost 0,1 MSEK techniques for recuperation in pol furnaces in meta! Report SGC 010 foundries. In Sweden the number of pol furnaces is estima ted to be 400 to 500. Most of the m are heated electrically. The energy used in 1988 amounted to 190 GWh. Aluminum is meJled at a temperature just above 700 deg C. A new fumace with recuperator gives fuel savings of about 30% compared to one with cold air bumers.

SGC GAS IR-TECHNIQUES WITHIN INDUSTRY. SGC Sydkraft, Compl Per-Arne Persson, 91.02 APPLICATIONS AND A MARKET SURVEY Konsult AB 1991 SGC

IR-technology based on gaseous fuels is a method Per Carlsson, SKKB of heating which has a great potential in industry. Total Clll 0,09 MSEK The report contains an analysis of different applica- Report no SGC 007 Iions and an attempt to estimate the potential market in a number ofindustrial branches. Paper, printing, textile and metal industries, but also the food industry, are of special interest !t is, however, difficultto estimate the potential market.

VF CONVERSION TO NATURAL GAS IN DIFFE- Värmeforsk ÅF Compl Projectleader: Per G8-815 RENTBRANCHESOFTHEENERGY 1991 Göransson, ÅF

INDUSTRY A study of the conversion to natural gas within the food industry. A case stud y: Arla Dairies in Gotene

SSF 308 DECENTRALIZED USE OF GAS FOR STU,GC ÅF, Malmö Compl Rolf Christensen, ÅF SGC REATING OFLIQUIDS SwedeGas, 1991 Malmö 88.08 An investigation of the general effects of a change- ÅF Lars Nilsson, SG NUTEK over to decentralized gas heating within industry T <tal cost l, l MSEK 88-1226 as weil as a survey of technical and economic Report as a post gra-92-772 factors during such a change-over two industrial duate research report

finns, Sean Vast and Falkens breweries. The on English. project also includes literature searches and stud y Intemal brief SGC visits at industries and manufacturers abroad. report is expected

during auturnn 1992.

GAS 1ECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECI'S IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 4.3

4. INDUSTRIAL APPLICA TIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Onlered by/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Repon designatlon designa- Project cost. etc. tio n

SGC MODERN GAS TECHNOLOGY IN SGC Vallenfall C om p! Per -Arne Persson, 91.13 GALV ANIZING PLANTS Energisystem Oct 1991 SGC

Within the project a technical and economic stud y John Danelius, VES of a zink furnace with a capacity of 15 000 ton/year Total all 0,13 MSEK was canied out. Two different gas firing techniques, Repon SGC 014 with high velocity burners and immersion tubes respectively, we re compared to conventional eleclric heating. With a gas price of 20 öre/kWh, the energy cost is less for both gas alternatives com-pared to eleclric heating.

NATIJRAL GAS DRIVEN FORK LIFTS Lunds Sydkralt Compl Åsa Marbe, SKKB The stud y is a survey of technical and economic Energiverk/ Konsult AB Dec 1991 Total cost 0,1 MSEK factors for natural gas driven fork lifts and describes /GasCemrum Repon SGC 015 the pro and eons for natural gas compared to LPG and diesel fuel. A conversion requires arebuilding of the engine and a supplementary fuel tank. No Swedish rules or standards exist fur natural gas driven vehicles. Conversion of diesel fuel driven fork lifts to natural gas is economically viab1e. Conversion from LPG is, however, not justifiable.

SGC LIQUID REATING WITH GAS ANAL YSIS SGC ÅF-Eemgi- Compl Rolf Christensen, ÅF, 91.07 AND PROGRAM PROPOSAL konsult AB Dec 1991 Malmö

The analysis includes descriptions of the Lars Nilsson, SG technology, development status, problem areas, Total all 0,07 MSEK development potential and Swedish markel condi- Repon SGC 017 tions. Based on the analysisa development program is proposed.

SGC CUTTING WITH ACETYLENE AND WITH SGC Sydkraft, Compl Lars Nilsson, SG 90.51 NATIJRAL GAS. A COMPARISON Konsult AB Apr 1992 Åsa Marbe, SK

Practical tests show that natural gas is superior Total all 0,15 MSEK to both quality and costs when culting thick sheet Repon SGC 018 meta! (>50 mm). Energy consumpdon is reduced by up to 20% and oxygen consumpdon by ca. 45'!! . Natural gas is prefernble even for so-called package-cutting, that it, culting of several thin plates placed on top of each other. With a normal mix of sheet meta! thicknesses in induslrial production, natural gas is on the whole the most advantageous.

VF FEASIBILITY OF USING GAS WITHIN THE Värmeforsk Jaako Compl Per Jerkeman, G1-106 PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY Pöyry, 1991 Pöyry,

The investigation's aim is to identify and quantify Finland Olle Olsson, the feasibility of using natural gas and LPG within Papyrus, Mölndal the Swedish pulp and paper industry. VF repon autumn

1992


4. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Onleredby/ Carrioo Time Contact persons project Project description /Financoo by out by Scbedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

NUTEK REPLACEMENT OF ELECTRICITY WITH SwedeGas, lemkontoret Compl Mats J obansson, AG A 89-1265 NATURAL GAS WITHIN THE IRON AND Jemkontoret, 1992 Birgitta Lindblad, 90-2780 STEEL INDUSTRY. STAGES I AND II STU lemkontoret

The project shall show which processes or activitie See article in Energi-are of interest for conversion from oil or electricity teknik no l 1989 to natural gas. In stage II cost calculations will be carrioo out for the conversion of two ovens from electricity to natural gas.

SGC CERAMIC FIBER BURNERS Sydgas/ Sydkraft Compl Per Carlsson, SKKB 88.06 Demonsuation and evaluation of operational and /SGC Konsult AB 1992 Lars Nilsson, SG

environmental properties as weil as of performance Total cost 0,6 MSEK of a cerarnic fiber burner at ca 150 kW. Report SGC 006

Demo sheet no 3

VF GAS-FIRED IR-RADIATORS FOR DRYING VFNF, STU, DTI Compl Sören Dahlin, DTI G8-817 PROCESSES SGC 1992 Total rot l ,O MSEK STU A FTIR infrared spectrometer was purchased by Report SGC 013 88-4726 DTI. This was usoo to determine the spectral VF report no 424 SGC characteristics as weil as radiation efficiency for 88.09 two gas-firoo !R-radiators. The radiators were

manufactored by Maarsden and Gogas, respectively. The radiation efficiency, including gas radiation, was measurro at 60% for the Marsden radiator and 55% for the Gogas radiator at rated oulput. Emissions and surface temperatures for the radiators were also measurro.

SGC COz-PLANTCULTIVATIONWITHEXHAUST SGC, Nygaanls C om p l Lars Nilsson, SG 89.10 GASES FROM NATURAL GAS FIRED Lantbruks- ttiidgänlsodl, 1992 Total rot 1,7 MSEK

BOILERS nämnden, Halmstad SGC demo sheet no l COz-plant cultivation was carried out using exhaus NGC, SGC report autumn from natural gas boilers that were iostalled at Nygaanls 1992 Nygaard's Greenhouses in Halmstad. The air quality in the greenhouses will be measuroo as weil as the production of vegetables, etc. The latter will be comparoo with the values obtainoo before COz-plant cultivation was introduced. The objective is to show to govemmental agencies that the direct emission of exhaust from gas combustion can occur without health risks.

SGC RECUPERA TIVE NATUR AL GAS BURNERS SGC Sydgas, Compl Anders Molin, SK 88.20 (SVEDALA-ARBRÅ) MEFOS, 1992 Total cost 0,5 MSEK

Qbiectiv~:.: Full scale demonstration of recuperative Sydkraft NGC report is bomers in car-type furnaces for the heat treatrnent Konsult AB available. of castings. SGC demo sheet no 3

Descril!tion: At Svedela-Arbrå eight oil bomers are being replacoo with recuperative gas bomers of the low NOx typefor a total of 1.5 MW. Measure-ment will be made to evaluate productivity, heating quality, energy consumption and emissions


4. INDUSTRIAL APPLICA TIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Conlact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Repon designation designa- Project cost, etc. tion

SGC HEATING OF LIQUIDS AT A CONCRETE SGC Sydgas Curr 1990- Lars Nilsson, SG 90.65 PLANT- KOCKS TRELLEBORG -1992 Total cost 0,2 MSEK

Objective: Demonstration of gas-based heating of liquids at a concrete plant.

Description: A decentralized Iiquid heater will be installed at KOCK' s concrete plant in Trelleborg. The technique will be evalualed by measurements of emissions, and foliow-up of operations and maintenance costs.

SGC INSTALLATION AND EV ALUATION OF A SGC, NGC, sydkraft Curr 1991- Anders Molin, SKKB 91.14 POT FURNACE WITH RECUPERATOR. SEU Konsult AB, -1992 Total cost 0,6 MSEK

V ÄRNAMO PRESSGJUTERI EGU section A gas-fired pol fumace with recuperative heat re-covery will be built as a demonstration project at a foundry in Vämamo. Performance dala will be compared with dala for the conventional pol furnace being replaced. The resull should also be useful for other foundries.

VF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF Värmetorsk DTI, Curr 1991- Michael Johansson, Gl-104 OVERALL EFFICIENCY FOR !R RADIATORS STU, SGC Malmö -1992 DTI SGC Objective: Development of methods fordeterminin Per-Arne Persson, 90.63 the overall efficiency of !R radiators. SGC NUTEK Descril!tion: The project is a continuation of SGC Total rost 0,4 MSEK 91-52065 88.09 and includes, inter alia, purchase of a mono-

chrorneter which allows the measurement of the entire emission spectrum, even in the case of electrically operaled !R radiators.

SGC PAINT DRYING WITH CA TAL YTIC GAS-IR SGC EnergiAnalys Curr 1991- Per-Arne Persson, 91.15 AT AB HEURLINS LACKERING, VARBERG NUTEK Lerum, -1992 SGC NUTEK The purpose of the project is to achieve better Heurlins Total cost 0,2 MSEK 92-1646 product quality by pre-heating painled delails before Lackering,

fmal drying in a drying oven. The project will be Varberg carried out at a subcontractor painting ear delails for Volvo. The pre-beater will be a catalytic gas-JR heater.

SGC C02-PLANT CULTN A TION WITH EXHAUST SGC, NGC/ Sydgas AB, Curr 1991- Lars Nilsson, SG

91.16 GASES FOR NATURAL GAS FIRED GREEN- /SGC, NGC K E Petters- -1992 Total cost 0,3 MSEK HOUSE BURNERS K E Pettersson sons Handels-In a greenhouse four PRIV A-bumers for heating Lantbruks- bädgärd, and cullivating purposes will be inslalled. In addi- nämnden, Görarp tion to gaining experience in Sweden from such Helsingborg bumers, the aim of the project is to demonstrate Energi the technique for the health authorities.


4. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Scbedule Report designation designa· ProjecL cos~ etc. tio n

SGC NORDIC POT FURNACE PROJECT NGC, SGC, Glasforskn- Curr !99!- S tellan Persson, 90.70 Objective: To obtain higher quality glass, Iower NIJTEK,GW: institutet -!993 Glafo NUIEK operational costs and lower NOx emission by use and others (Glafo), Per-Arne Persson, 92-!657 of new and improved buming techniques and Växjö SGC

optimal placement of bumers. Total cost 4 MSEK

Description: The project will be carried out in three steps:

I) Preliminary studies 2) Tests in a mode! fumace at DTI, Malmoe 3) Full scale test melting at two glass works

SGC GAS-FIRED !R RADIATORS IN P APER SGC DTI, Curr 1992- Michael Johansson, 90.64 COATERS. MODO HUSUM PLANT NUTEK Malmö -1993 DTI

Measurements on and evaluation of an IR-installa- NGC MoDo, Per-Arne Persson, tio n on a paper coater at MoDo· s Paper Factory in NesteGas H usum SGC Husum, Sweden. With a Fourier spectrometer the MoDo Total cost 0,4 MSEK radiation speclra, the radiation efficiency and the absorption speclra of the paper will be determined. Also an evaluation of the total drying efficiency will be carried out.

SGC LPG IN THE ENAMEL INDUSTRY SGC Vattenfall Plan 1992 J an Brännström, 92.06 The purpose of the project is to study the replace- Energisystem Vattenfall Västsverige

ment of a fumace and a simultaneous change of AB Total cost 0,1 MSEK energy supply from electricity to gas in an en-arnelin g factory. The stud y will include a technical as weil as an economic comparison of gas and electric operation before and after the change-over. In addition, there will be a calculation of invest-ment costs for rebuilding.

SGC GAS-F!RED DIRECT LIQUID HEATERS- SGC,NUTEK Kemisk Plan 1992- Rolf Christensen, DTI 91.03 MODEL STUDIES AND APPARATUS Sydkraft, Apparattek- -1994 Lars Nilsson, SG NUTEK DEVELOPMENT NGC nik, LTH Total cost 2,2 MSEK 92-5437 The objective is to produce, through experimenta-

tion, a calculation program for an optimal design of gas-frred immersion tu bing as regards efficiency, emissions, choice of material, tube configuration, etc. (Doctoral thesis.)

GAS TECHNOLOOY RD&D PROJECI'S IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 5.1

5. SPACE HEATING APPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND RELATED AREAS

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tian

sv ss !R TECHNOLOGY FOR SPACE REATING Vattenfa!V Vattenfall Compl Nils Erik Carlstedt, VES 89.02 Measurements were carried out in a warehouse /SV, SG Jan 1990

at Trelleborg AB.

NOx- MEASUREMENTS BEFORE AND Sydgas/ Sydkraft Compl Per Carlsson, SKKB AFTER CONVERSION TO GAS FIRING /SAMKO Jan1990 GC report 90.02 (HALMST AD AMONG OTHER LOCA TIONS) Measurements were carried out at five facilities containing, inter alia, a furnace as well as aparunent house boilers.

VF INDOOR AIR QUALITY DURING DIRECT V änneforskf TVE Compl Ulrika Jantze, TVE G8-812 EMISSION OF FLUE GASES FROM NF,NGC Dec 1990 VF-report no 407

NATURAL GAS COMBUSTION A description of environmental consequences from direct emissions as reported in the international Iiterature.

CONVERSION FROM DIRECT ELECTRICAL Sydkraft/ Svenska Compl Roland Nilsson, REATING TO NATURAL GAS BASED AIR /Sydgas 50 %, Fläkt and 1990 lönköpings Tekn Verk REATING Sv Fläkt 50% Sydkraft (Noreport) A single-farnily house has been converted from direct eleclrical heating to air -borne heating with natural gas as the heat supply. Evaluation of capital and operational costs after ca. one year's operation.

VF CONVERSION TO NATURAL GAS, CHANGE Vänneforsk Statens Compl Lennart Gustavsson, SP G8-805 IN PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS Provn.anstal 1990 VF report no 381

Measurements and evaluations in Varberg (inter alia Monark AB, Arla, Sean Väst).

SWG DEMONSTRATION OF REATING SYSTEMS SwedeGas Vattenfall, Compl Leif Bodinson, D6.1 FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES BFS section 1990 Söderenergi

Conversion of2-3 residences in Stockholm and SWG report is Varberg to gas heating, inter alia with installation available. of water-bome socket convectors.

VF CONDENSATING GAS BOILERS FOR A Vänneforsk LTH, Compl Mikael Näslund, L TH G5-607 SINGLEFAMILY HOUSE, A FORTHER Vänne-o 1991 VF report no 423

STUDY Kraftteknik The study shall result in guidelinesfor required re-heating in the case that smoke stacks can be used without an y modification.

REATING OF VENTILATION AIR WITH GAS Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl J Forsman, VES Comparison of three different systems. Energi- 1991 SV report 90/8

system AB

GAS 1ECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 5.2

5. SPACE HEATING APPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND RELATED AREAS

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designalian designa- Project cost, eiC. tio n

sv NATURAL GAS INSTALLATION IN Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl 98441 PUBLIC BUILDINGS 1991

A study to shed light on: - currendy available techniques - development requirements for the introduction o

such technology in Sweden.

SGC PULSA TION BOJLER IN VELLINGE Sydgas/ Sydkraf~ Compl Per Carlsson, SKKB 88.25 Evaluatian of an existing 250 kW boiler at the /Sydgasand Konsult AB, March 199 Lars Nilsson, SG

Central Clinic in V eliinge in Scania. Inter alia, Sydkraft EGU seetian Total cost 0,4 MSEK measurements of efficiency, NO,, waste fume temperature and sound levet will be taken.

SGC MEASUREMENTS OF ENERGY AND Sydgas/ Sydkraf~ Compl Per Carlsson, SK 88.04 EMISSIONS WHEN CONVERTING TO NG /SGC, Konsult AB March 199 Lars Nilsson, SG

IN A MULTIFAMILY HOUSE SAMKO Total cost 0,04 MSEK . The project goal was to find out how efficiency Report SGC 016 and emission levels change when a hot water boile is converted from gas oil to natural gas. Measure-ments were made on two Parca Wirbex S with max power ratings of 172 respectively 280 kW when gas fired. The measured annual efficiency wa 79,2 o/o with gas oil and 84,6 o/o with natural gas, i. e., an energy saving of 6,4 %. When converting to natural gas the NO, -emissions decreased by 25%.

VF CONSTRUCTION OF A PROTOTYPE OF A V ärmeforsk Värme-o Compl Mikael Näslund, L TH G8-816 FLUE GAS REHEATING CONDENSATING Kraft,LTH March 199

BOlLER Construction of and measurements to verify theoretical arguments put forth in an earlier project (VF GS-607).

VF NATURAL GAS FIRED RADIATORs Värmeforsk Göteborg Compl Per Carlsson, GE G8-908 NOx measurements on direct-fired radiators in Energi 1992 Will be reported as a

Gothenburg. periodic paper.

SEU REPLACEMENT OF ELECTRICITY WITH SEU/ Lunds Curr 1989- Christer Böös, 06392 NATURAL GAS IN SINGLEFAMILY /SEU Energiverk -1992 Lunds Energiverk

HOUSING, LUND and others In at !east five electrically heated residences, natural gas heating was iostalled as weil as equipment for measurements and follow-up.

STEV SYSTEM STUDY OF NATURAL GAS FIRING NUTEK LTH Curr 1989- Project leader: Lennart 276 Doctoral research. Studies of the in teraction Värme- och -1993 Thömqvis~ LTH 430 between the building and the gas heating Kraft Mikael Näslund, LTH

system in single-family houses.


5. SP ACE HEATING APPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND RELATED AREAS

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tion

IR-HEATERS AT PRIPPS IN GOTHENBURG SwedeGas, Pripps Curr 1990- Eianr Änghede, GE Demonstration of JR -radiators for s pace heating Göteborg Göteborg, -1992 Will be published as a at Pripps Brewery in Gothenburg. Energi, Chalmers BF-report.

BFR Industritekni

VF VERIFICATION OF A SMOKE STACK Vänneforsk Vänneo Curr 1991- Mikael Näslund, LTH Gl-102 MO DEL Kraft,LTH -1992

Objective: To verify through measurements the calculation mode! developed in project G5-609 (Condensating boiler. Smoke stack cycle)

Description: Measurements will be carried out on a test stack at L TH. Measurements include, inter alia, temperatures in the tlue gas tlow and the stack's inner wall as well as the amount of condensate.

SGC HUMIDIFYING OF COMBUSTION AIR FOR SGC KW Energi- Curr 1991 Kjell Wanselius 90.68 CONDENSATION BOILERS. A PRELIMINAR produkter -1992 Lars Nilsson, SG

STUDY Total cost 0,08 MSEK An investigation into the advantages of humidi-fying, especially at relativelyhigh condensation temperatures.

SGC SYSTEM EFFICIENCY CHANGES IN SMALL SGC Vattenfall Curr 1991- Jan Brännström, 90.66 BUILDINGS AT CONVERSION FROM Energi- -1992 Vattenfall Västsverige

WATER-BORNEELECTRICHEATTOGAS system AB J onas Forsman, VES Objective: An investigation of the annual average Total cost 0,14 MSEK efficiency that is obtained with a system especiall' developed for docking of a gas boiler to an electric boiler in small buildings.

Description: Measurements will take place in a conven ed house in Södra Äng by, Bromma.

SGC CORROSION OF INNER STAINLESS STEEL SGC, VF LTH, Curr 1992 Anders Molin, SKKB 91.12 TUBES IN SMOKE STACKS Vänneo -1993 Mikael Näslund, LTH VF The project goal is to fmd out why the inner Krnft Total cost 0,35 MSEK Gl-118 stainiess steel tubes in some stacks from natural

gas fired bollers have corroded. The project include literature studies, mapping of the environment (including Cl-<:oncentrations) where corrosion has occurred and laboratory experiments. Counter measures should be proposed.

SGC GAS FIRED ONCE-THROUGH REATER FOR SGC Vattenfall Curr1991· Jan Brilnnström, 92.05 HEATINGTAPWATERIN SINGLE-FAMILY Energisysterr -1992 Vattenfall Västsverige

HOUSES. STAGE l Jonas Forsman, SV The project in volves installation of a gas frred Stage l: 0,05 MSEK once-through heater for tap water in a single-famil house and subsequent measurements for one year of fuel consuroption and heat pruction. Phase l includes a literature search and an evaluation of the installation conditions. Phase 2 includes the

installation and the measurements.


5. SP ACE REATING APPLICATIONS FOR HOUSEHOLDS AND RELATED AREAS

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation desigua- Project cost, etc. tio n

SGC A COMPUTER MODEL FOR NATIJRAL SGC Plan 1992 Per-Arne Persson, SGC 89.11 GAS-IR FOR SPACE REATING

Development of a computer program for the calculation of, inter alia, power requirements and optimal Iocation of JR-heaters for space heating.

SGC CONDENSATION BOJLER WITII HUMIDI- SGC Plan 1992 Anders Molin, SKKB 92.03 FYING OF COMBUSTION AIR

GAS TECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECI'S IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 6.1

6. GAS ENGINESAND GAS BASED COGENERATION

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Canied Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designalian designa- Project east, etc. tio n

VF THE TECHNICAL STA TUS OF GAS ENGINES Värmeforsk ÅF Camp! Lars Wrangensten, ÅF E?-811 A survey of the technical status of gas engines Oct 1990

suitable for, of example, heat pumps as regards performance, standard units, reliability, safety and maintenance.

PRINCIPLES FOR CONNECTION INTO Vattenfall Vattenfall Camp l Tove Ekeborg, HEA TING SYSTEMS AND ELECTRICAL Energisystem 1990 Vattenfall Energi-GRIDS AB system AB

COGENERATION FOR ISOLA TED FARMS Vattenfall Camp! A Bengtsson 1990 SV report 90/13

SGC MICRO-COGENERA TION PLANTS FOR Helsingborgs Kjessler& Camp l Göran Persson, HE 89.14 GREENHOUSES Energiverk/ Mannerstråle 1991 Roy Ericsson, K&M

A gas engine, MAN E 2842 LE, was installed in /GasCentrum Report SGC 002 AB K-E Pettersson's Handelsträdgård in Helsing-borg. The cagenemtian plant generates 300 kW electricity and 500 kW heat. During the time period 26 Jan 10 31 March 1990, an evaluation of engine performance was carried out The following resu1ts were measured: efficiency 89 %, availability 97 %, NOx-emission at fullload 400 mg/MJ and at 50 % load 150 mg/MJ

LIMHAMN'S HEATING PLANT. REBURNING SEU, Malmö Camp! Olle Göransson, ME WITH NATURAL GAS STEV, Energi AB 1991 Report is available Reburning with natural gas has been tesled in a Malmö Energ· (Limhamn) and can be ordered by 125 MW pulverized coal boiler in Limhamn. Olle Göransson. The resu1ts will serve as a basis for, inter alia, mathematical modelling of rebuming.

TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL STATUS SGC SGC Camp l Per-Arne Persson, OF GAS-BASED MINI-CDGENERATION 1991 SGC The report constimtes an anal y sis of the technical Report no SGC 005 and commercial status for gas hased mini co-generation in Scandinavia. In Sweden a great number of potential gas turbin/exhaust gas boiler and gas engine plants have been studied. All cases have been shown 10 be unprofitable. In Denmark and Finland it is a commercial technology. Plants and operation experiencies forn the nordie countrie are presented.

sv SMALL GAS ENGINES FOR HEATING AND Vattenfall Vattenfall, Camp! Annika Bengtsson, SV 98454 ELECTRICITY BES section 1991 06030 A study of technology and cost for one or more

typical cases with sizes of less than l MW. Clarification of optimallayout for an actual case.


6. GAS ENGINESAND GAS BASED COGENERATION

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Canled Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designalian designa- Project east, etc. tio n

STU INTERNAL POWER PRODUCT!ON STU lemkontoret Camp! 90-161 WITHIN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY Jan 1992

An investigation.

NOx. REDUCTION IN A NATURAL GAS SEU/ Malmö Camp! Slaffan Narren, Malmö FIRED COGENERATION PLANT /SEU, Energiand May 1992 Energi AB Conversion to natural gas has been carried out in Malmö Vänne-o Rolf Collin, KTH the Heleneholm plant in Malmoe. Nonnal NOx- Energi ugnsteknik, Report is available, emission is ca JOO mg/MJ. The project invalves KTH and can be ordered reducing NOx contents to under 50 mg/MJ by by Slaffan Norren using different combustion technologies.

NATURAL GAS DRIVEN FUEL CELLS 200 kV Sydkraft/ Sydkraft Curr 1987- Lars Sjunnesson, SK Planning, purchasing, installing, operating, main- /Sydkraft Per Carlsson, SKKB taining and evaluating of a 200 kW fuel cell NUTEK, SSF of the phosphoric acid type.

STEV DIESEL/CFB-BOILER NUTEK Energiteknik, Curr 1988- Proj.lead: Bo Leckner, 566 Study of a diesel/CFB-boiler for heat-and-power CTH -1991 Energiteknik, CTH 002 generation with low NOx properties.

STEV STUDY OF THE STIG-SYSTEM FOR NUTEK Vänneteknik, Curr 1988- PrQj.lead: Gunnar 566 COGENERATION KTH -1991 Svedberg, 007 Doctoral research project Vänneteknik, KTH

STEV GAS COMBI SYSTEM NUTEK Vänne-och Curr 1988- Proj.lead: Tord 566 Doctoral research project. Kraftteknik, -1991 Torisson,Vänne- och 009 LTH Kraftteknik, L TH

STEV OPTIMIZATION OF COGENERA TION NUTEK Vänne-och Curr 1988- Proj.led: Tord 566 SYSTEMS Kraftteknik, -1991 Torisson, Vänne- och 010 Doctoral research project LTH Kraftteknik, L TH

STEV INTERN AL REFORMING OF NATURAL GAS NUTEK Kemisk Curr 1988- Olle Lindström, KTH 616 IN MOL TEN CARBONA TE FUEL CELLS Teknologi, -1991 048 Doctoral research project KTH

STEV COGENERATION IN STENUNGSUND NUTEK Stiftelsen Curr 1989- Sten Åfeldt, NUTEK 565 LPG-engine for 600 kW power productian and Stenungsund -1991 002 heat pump operation in Stenungsund. Follow-up. FjärrvänTie

of performance andCTH

STEV MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS NUTEK Teknisk Curr 1989- Daniel Simonsson, 616 Basic research. (A doctoral research project) Elektrokemi, -1992 KTH 077 KTH


6. GAS ENGINES AND GAS BASED COGENERATION

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Canled Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designadon designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

REMOTE CONTRO L AND MONITORING Vattenfall Vattenfall Curr 1989- Johan Danelius, OF SMALL COGENERATION PLANTS Energisystem -1991 Vattenfall

AB Energisystem AB

STEV GENERAL RESEARCH IN GAS ENGINE NUTEK Värme-o Curr 1989- Gunnar Lundholm, 566 TECHNOLOGY ATLTH KraftLTH -1992 KTH 015 A survey of the relation between cycle to cycle

variations in the flarne propagation and speed in fueVair mixing as weil as the spark's current and voltage cycle.

STEV THE INTEGRATION OFNATURALGAS IN NUTEK, Elektriska Curr 1989- Göran Andersson, 616 EXISTING POWER SYSTEMS Vattenfall Energisystem -1992 KTH 038 Doctoral research project KTH

STEV PART LOAD PROPERTIES IN GAS COMBI NUTEK Värme-o Curr 1989- Tord Torisson, Värme-566 PLANTS FOR POWER PRODUCTION Kraft,LTH -1992 oKraft,LTH 022 Doctoral research project.

STEV TWO-MEDIA PROCESSES FOR POWER NUTEK Värmeteknik, Curr 1989- Gunnar Svedberg, 566 AND COGENERATION PLANTS KTH -1992 KTH 024 Doctoral research project

STEV METHODS FOR THE ANAL YSIS OF NUTEK Värme- o Curr 1989- Tord Torisson, 566 MEASURES TO INCREASE OF EFFICIENCY Kraft, LTH -1992 Värme- o Kraft, L TH 006 AND LIMIT OF EMISSIONS IN CO-

GENERATION SYSTEMS Research position.

DEMONSTRATION AND EV ALUATION OF Vattenfall Vattenfall Curr 1990- Anders Tväme, OTTO CYCLE ENGINES Energisystem -1991 Vattenfall

AB Energisystem AB

DEMONSTRATION AND EV ALUATION OF Vattenfall Vattenfall Curr 1990- Nils-Erik Carlstedt, AFUELCELL -1992 Vattenfall Energi-

system AB

STU PREMIX COMBUSTION CHAMBERS FOR NUTEK Värme o Curr 1990- Gunnar Lundholm, 90-3239 ENGINES Kraft LTH -1992 Värme o Kraft LTH

Theoretical and practical investigation of ulttalow emissions in premix combustion chambers.

STEV EV ALUATION OF GAS TURBINES FOR LPG NUTEK Sandviken Curr 1990- Sten Åfeldt, STEV 564 CONNBCTED TO A SOLID FUEL BOlLER Energi, -1994 006 IN SANDVIKEN Vattenfall


6. GAS ENGINES AND GAS BASED COGENERA TION

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tion

SMALLSCALECOGENERATION Malmö Malmö Curr 1991- Lennart Bengtsson, Construction, operation and evaluation of three Energi Energi -1992 ME gas engines (Kockums Fritid, PLM and Gasverket).

SGC CONVERSION OF STANDBY DIESEL SGC sydkraft Curr 1991- Per-Arne Persson, 91.11 GENERATORs TO NATURAL GAS FUELLED Konsult AB -1992 Gunnar Sandström,

POWER PLANTS SKKB An investigation of the feasibility of more Total all 0,06 MSEK efficiently using existing standby diesel generators by converting them to natural gas and running them more continously. The l.eehnical conditions necessary, the environmental consequences and the economy should be considered.

SGC NOx REDUCTION BY REBURNING WITH NUIEK SYSAV, Curr 1991- Erik Nord, SYSAV 90.69 NATURAL GAS/LAND FfLL GAS IN A SEU Malmö -1992 Lars Nilsson, SG

WASTE COMBUSTER IN MALMOE SNV Total cost 8,5 MSEK Objective: To demoostrate whether it is possible NGC/GRI to reduce NOx emissions from refuse incineration SGC facilities by rebuming with natural gas and/or SYSAV biogas. REFORSK

Description: SYSA V's refuse incineration facility RVF in Spiilepengen in Malmoe will be sopplied with rebuming equipment for gas. Measurements of emissions, temperatures, hoiler load, etc. will be carried out and ad justments will be made so as to make rebuming as effective as possible.

EP NATURAL GAS BASED COGENERATION Lunds Energi- Lunds Curr 1991- Curt Lindahl, LE 0770 WI1H GAS TURBINES verk/SEU Energiverk -1994 Mats Olsson, LE

Demonstration of a combustion charnber of low NOx type.

GAS TECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 7 .l

7. OTHER USES OF GAS

Imemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

HOME-REFUELING OF NG-DRIVEN Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl T Ekeborg, SV VEIDCLES 1990 SV report 90/5

PRESSURE VESSELS FOR NATURAL Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl M Losdale GAS DRIVEN VEIDCLES 1990 SV report 90/15

SGC THE ENVIROMNENTAL IMPACT OF TFB,SNV, EcoTrnffic Compl Mats Ekelund, Ecotraffic 89.09 EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM VEIDCLES SWG,SV, AB 1990 SV reports 90/62 and

Objective: To make a stud y of the literature in SG,EiG 90/63 with the title order 10 document exhaust emissions from "AuiOmotive f u els from vehicles that operate with various fuels. source 10 end use.

Descrintion: The material shall be used mostly in Phase I". discussion and debate about the envimnmental effects of various vehicles that use various fuels.

sv NATURAL GAS DRIVEN VEIDCLES- Nordisk Trnffic comp, Compl Tove Ekeborg, SV 98454 DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINES FOR CITY industrifond, engine manu- 1991 Proj.lead: Mats Ekelund, 07010 BUSES (THE SCANDINAVIAN GAS-BUS NUTEK factures, EcoTraffic sv ss PROJECT) STAGE I Vattenfall, Vattenfall Report in springtime 88.15 Aims at optimizing, in a laboraiOry environment, Sydkrnf~ and others of 1991.

two types of busengines for operation with na- SwedeGas tuaral gas so as to obtain low exhaust emissions. and others

NATURAL GAS FOR INDUSTRIAL TRUCKS. Lunds Energi- Sydkraft, Compl Lars-Göran Nilsson, LE A PRELIMINAR Y STUDY verk/Gas- Konsult AB Dec 1991 Åsa Marbe, SKKB The study gives an account of the technical and Centrum Report SGC 015 economic fac10rs relevant for natural gas driven Total cost 0,1 MSEK trucks as weil as sheds light on the pros and eons relative to LPG and diesel oil. A conversion requires a rebuilding of the engine and a supple-mentary fuel tank system. No rules or norms exist in Sweden for natural gas driven vehicles. Conversion of diesel trucks are economically profitable. The profitability of converting 10 LPG driven trucks is more questionable.

SGC C02-PLANT CUL TIV A TION WITH EXHAUST SGC, Nygaards Compl Lars Nilsson, SG

89.10 GASES FROMNATURAL GAS FIRED Lantbruks- triidgårdsodl, 1992 Total rost 1,7 MSEK BOILERS nämnden. Halmstad SGC demo sheet no I C02-plant cultivation was carried out using NGC, SGC report autumn exhaust from natural gas hoilers that were in- Nygaards 1992 stalled at Nygaard's Greenhouses in Halmstad. The air quality in the greenhouses will be measure< as weil as the production of vegetables, etc. The latter will be compared with the values obtained before COz-plant cultivation was introduced. The objective is to show to govemmental agendes that the direct emission of exhaust from gas combustion can occur without health risks.


7. OTHER USES OF GAS

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carrioo Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation desigua- Project c ost. etc. tio n

NATURAL GAS DRIVEN VEIDCLES- TFB,Malmö Malmö Compl Åke Svensson, Malmö - DEMONSTRATION OF NATURAL GAS Energi AB, Energi AB, 1992 Lokaltrafik. BUSES IN MALMOE MalmöLokal Malmö Report no TFB 1992:19

trafik Lokaltrafik

SGC INCINERATION OF GASEOUS WASTES. SGC Sydkraft Compl Lars Nilsson, SG 91.09 ANAL YSIS AND DEVELOPMENT Konsult AB, 1992 Thomas Ehrstoot, SKKB

PROGRAMMEPROPOSAL AvdEGU Total cost 0,2 MSEK A nomber of methods for reducing the emisisons Report SGC 020 of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are describec and the role of natural gas in this context is clarified. The most common methods are: Thermal combustion, catalytic combustion, adsmption, absorption and condensation. lncluded in a proposal for a course of action are, inter alla: Cleaning of styren, cleaning of vulcanization smoke, foliow-up of the EVOC system and an inventory of research. Applications are recom-mended within, inter alla, the graphic industry, foundries, bakeries and the forest and limber industry.

SGC HOME-REFUELING OF NATURAL GAS SV, VNG, Vattenfall Curr 1990 Tove Ekeborg, SV 90.50 DRIVEN VEIDCLES SG,ME, Energisystem -1992 Jan Brännström, SV

A small electric compresSOI for home-refueling GE,STU AB Total cost 0,4 MSEK will be installoo in a single-family residence and the owner"s automobile will be converted to natural gas. A l year demonstration period will provide experience of the unit's functioning under Swedish conditions as regards installation, driving experience and operation. The results willprovide a basis for a subsequent full-seale project or a commercial project.

SGC NOx REDUCTION BY REBURNING WITH NUTEK SYSAV AB, Curr 1991 Lars Nilsson, SG 90.69 NG/LANDFILL GAS IN A W ASTE SEU Malmö -1992 Erik Nord, SYSA V

COMBUSTOR IN MALMOE SNV Total cost 8,5 MSEK To demonsn-ate w hether it is feasible to reduce NGC/GRI NO, emissions from refuse incineration facilities SGC by reburning with natural gas and/or biogas. SYSAV SYSA V's refuse incineration facility in Spille- REFORSK pengen in Malmoe has been sopplied with rebur- RVF ning equipment for gas. Measurement of emis-sions, temperature, hoiler Ioad and ad justment will be carried out for optimal rebuming.

SGC NATURAL GAS FUEL STATION FOR SGC Göteborg Curr 1991- Einar Änghede, GE 90.58 VEHICLES Energi AB -1993 Total cost 0,5 MSEK

The objective is to develop a simple and cost-efficient filling station for buses and distribution vehicles by connecting in parallel four simple home-compressors that will be placed together with a gas storage in a 20-foot container. Testing will lake place over a 2 vear period.

GAS 1ECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECTS IN SWEDEN September 1992 Sheet 8.1

8. MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGIES

Intemal PROJECT NAME Purchaser/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Repon designation designa- Projecl COSL, etc. tio n

ACCURACY IN ROW-MEASUREMENTS Vattenfall Compl K Steen OF NATURAL OAS 1990 SV repon 90/11

sv FOLLOW-UP OF OAS-ROW METERS Valtenfall Vattenfall, Compl Rolf Mattsson, BEP, 98452 Investigation of accuracy of gas meters for BEPsection 1991 Vattenfall 03011 eostomer billing.

VF INSTRUCTIONS FOR MEASUREMENTS ON Värmeforsic YIAK Compl Lennan Eriksson, V!AK, 08-903 OASENOINES March 199 Vänersborg

Within the project has been developed guidelines YF repon no 404 and instructions for how emission measurements, etc. should be carried out on gas engines.

STEV ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION OF OAS H-OW Värmeforsk, Värme-o Compl Jerker Delsing, Värme-656-085 METERS BASED ON ULTRASONICS NIJTEKz Kraftteknik, 1992 o Kraftteknik, LTH VF Measurement of the developed ultra sonic meter LTH Only intemal YF repon . 08-912 (see project 03-405) against a calibrated reference is available until further

can establish performance in absolute measure for notice. the ultrasonic technique.

VF ABSOLUTE CALIBRA TION EQUIPMENT Värmeforskf Värme-och Curr 1992- Jerker Delsing, GI-117 FOR OAS H-OW METERS /YF, NIJTEK, Krafttekn ile, -1993 Värme o Kraftteknik,

Objective: To develop and adapt equipment for SK, SSF LTH LTH precision calibration, etc, of ultrasound-hased measurement equipment that is at present be i ng developed at L TH (c f. project 08-405) Descriotion: A calibration rig will be constructed that willgivestable references, stablegas flow, a wide dynamic measurement range and high measurement precision.


9. ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INTEREST

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ Carried Time Contact persons project Project description /Financed by out by Schedule Report designation designa- Project cost, etc. tio n

STU THE NATURAL GAS MARKET IN NUTEK Ekonomisk Compl Sven-Olof Olsson, 89-1655 SCANDINA VIA 1FB historia, 1990 GU 89-4289 An investigation in to the infrastructure relating EFN Göteborg

to natural gas for operation of vehicles. Nordiskt University Mirristenåd

VF DISPERSION OF NOx FROM NATURAL Vänneforsk, FTC Comp1 Göran Holmstedt, FTC G2-701 GAS FIRED BOILERS level2- 1990

projekt

VF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND Vänneforsk LTH, Värme Compl Per Rosen, Värme- o G8-906 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES och Krafttek- Dec1990 Kraftteknik, L TH

A survey of the state of knowledge as regards the nik Hand!: Tord Torisson, eonsequenees of earbon dioxide fonnation with v änne- o Kraftteknik, various types of fuels and power plants. LTH

VF report no 373

SK 90.32 OPTIMAL PURCHASING METHODS FOR Sydkraft/SSF LTH Comp1 Sigvard Trooell, SKKB LPG TERMINALS 1991 Prof Jan Söderberg, LTH Evaluatian of panial purehasing versus total Report is available. contracting. Exarnples of applieation: Karlshamn and SundsvaU.

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE HAND- Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl Christer Sandstedt, BOOK FOR RECIPROCA TING ENGINE Energisystem 1991 Vattenfall Energi-DRIVEN COGENERATION PLANTS AB system AB

Report is availab1e

VF RESOURCES AND COMPETENCE WITHIN Vänneforsk Energi- Compl A C Bauer G8-002 SWEDISH GAS TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH konsult 1991 Jörgen Tbunell, SGC

Objective: A survey of the resources and com- ABauer AB VF-report no 399 petence in Swedish institutions, frrms and orga-nizations within the area of gas technology. Deserintion: The survey shall, inter alia, be of use when evaluating the qnalifieations of different institutions and frrms to earry out specilie research and development tasks.

sv GASSAFETY.ASURVEY Vattenfall Vattenfall Compl Rolf Mattsson, SV 93756 The study shall resull in guidelirres for the analysi 1991

of cases of error and for the caleulation of emissions. It will also propose measures for reduetion of gas leakage risks, for limitation of the quantities of gas emitted, for the prevention of explosions as weil as for the reduetion of the eonsequences of an explosion.

SK 90.17 ODOURIZING Sydgas/ Sydkraft Compl Nielas Widing, SG Anal y sis of problems during odourizing of /Sydkraft 1991 Report is available natural gas and recommendations for improvements.

-·:·i

'

GAS TECHNOLOGY RD&D PROJECfS IN SWEDEN

9. ADDITION AL AREAS OF INTEREST

Intemal PROJECT NAME Orderedby/ project Project description /Financed by designa-tio n

VF DISPERSION MODEL ADAPTED FOR USE Vänneforsk G8-813 WITH PERSON AL COMPUTERS

Development of a PC program with a mode! for describing critical pollution levels from small, free-standing natural gas frred plants.

OPERATION AND MAIN1ENANCE HAND- Vattenfall BOOK FOR LPG PLANTS

September 1992 Sheet 9.2

Carried Time Contact persons out by Schedule Report designation

Project cost, etc.

SMm Compl Sture Ring, SMill 1991 VF report no 401

Vattenfall Curr 1989- Christer Sandstedt, Energisystem -1991 Vattenfall Energi-AB system AB

Addresses of certain of the companies and organizations referred to in the nroject catalogue

Appendix 1 ( 1)

Byggforskningsrådet S:t Göransgatan 66 112 33 STOCKHOLM

Drifttekniska institutionen vid L TH Stora Varvsga~ 11 H 21120 MALMO

Energigasinstitutet vid L TH Box 118 22100 LUND

Göteborg Energi AB Box 53 401 20 GÖTEBORG

Förbränningstekniskt Centrum i Lund LTH Box 118 22100 LUND

lost för Elektrisk Mätteknik LTH Box 118 22100 LUND

lost för Värme- och Kraftteknik LTH Box 118 22100 LUND

lost för Värme- och Ugnsteknik KTH 10044 STOCKHOLM

Malmö Energi AB Box 50510 20250 MALMÖ

Nordisk Gasteknisk Center Dr. Neergårdsvej 5 DK-2970 HÖRSHOLM Danmark

N UT EK 117 86 STOCKHOLM

Stiftelsen Värmeteknisk Forskning (Värmeforsk) Box6405 113 82 STOCKHOLM

Studsvik AB 611 82 NYKÖPING

Svensk Energiutveckling AB Box 1765 117 87 STOCKHOLM

Svenska Gasföreningen Box 6405 113 82 STOCKHOLM

Swedegas AB (Se Vattenfall Naturgas AB)

Sydgas AB Box 19006 20073 MALMÖ

Sydkraft AB 20509 MALMÖ

Sydkraft Konsult AB 20509 MALMÖ

Terminalgas AB Box 84 374 22 KARLSHAMN

Theoren och VBB Energikonsulter (TVE) (Se VBB VIAK)

Tumab Box 718 261 27 LANDSKRONA

Vattenfall AB 16287 VÄLLINGBY

Vattenfall Energisystem AB Box 528 16215 VÄLLINGBY

Vattenfall Naturgas AB Box 12530 102 29 STOCKHOLM

VBB VIAK AB Box 5038 102 41 STOCKHOLM

VIAK AB (Se VBB VIAK)

ÅF Energikonsult AB stensjögatan 3 .. 21765 MALMO

ÅF Energikonsult AB Box 8133 104 20 STOCKHOLM

Sida l

92-10-20

RAPPORTFÖRTECKNING SGC Rapportnamn Rapport Författare Pris Nr datum kr

001 Systemoptimering vad avser ledningstryck Apr91 Stefan Groden 100 TUMAB

002 Mikrokraftvänneverk för växthus. Apr91 Roy Ericsson 100 Utvärdering Kjessler & Mannerstråle AB

003 Katalog över gastekniska FUD-projekt i Apr91 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB 100 Sverige. Utgåva 3

004 Krav på material vidkringfyllnad av Apr91 Jan Molin 50 PE-gasledningar VBBVIAK

005 Teknikstatus och marknadsläge för Apr91 Per-Arne Persson 150 gasbaserad minikraftvänne SGC

006 Keramisk fiberbrännare-Utvärdering av Sep92 R Brodin, P Carlsson 100 en demo-anläggning Sydkraft Konsult AB920212

007 Gas-IR teknik inom industrin. Aug91 Thomas Ehrstedt 100 Användnings- områden, översiktlig Sydkraft Konsult AB marknadsanalys

008 Catalogue of gas technology RD&D Jul91 Swedish Gas Technology Center 100 projects in Sweden (På engelska)

009 Läcksökning av gasledningar. Metoder och . Dec91 Charlotte Rehn 100 instrument Sydkraft Konsult AB

010 Konvertering av aluminiumsmältugnar. Sep 91 Ola Hall, Charlotte Rehn 100 Förstudie Sydkraft Konsult AB

011 Integrerad naturgasanvändning i tvätterier. · Sep 91 OlaHall 100 Konvertering av torktumlare Sydkraft Konsult AB

012 Odöranter och gasolkondensats påverkan Okt91 Stefan Gruden, F. Varmedal 100 på gasrörsystem av polyeten TUMAB

013 Spektralfördelning och verkningsgrad för Okt91 ~chaelJohansson 150 gaseldade IR-strålare Drifttekniska Instit. vid L TH

014 Modern gasteknik i galvaniseringsindustri Nov91 John Danelius 100 Vattenfall Energisystem AB

015 Naturgasdrivna truckar Dec91 AsaMarbe 100 Sydkraft Konsult AB

016 Mätning av energiförbrukning och Mar92 Kjell Wanselius 50 emissioner före o efter övergång till KW Energiprodukter AB naturgas

Sida 2

92-10-20

RAPPORTFÖRTECKNING SGC Rapportnamn Rapport Författare Pris Nr datum kr

017 Analys och förslag till handlingsprogram Dec91 Rolf Christensen 100 för området industriell vätskevänTining AF-Energikonsult Syd AB

018 Skärning med acetylen och naturgas. En Apr92 AsaMarbe 100 jämförelse. Sydkraft Konsult AB

019 Läggning av gasledning med plöjteknik vid Maj92 Fallsvik J, Haglund H m fl 100 Glostorp, Malmö. Uppföljningsprojekt SGI och Malmö Energi AB

020 Ernissionsdestruktion. Analys och förslag Jun 92 Thomas Ehrstedt 150 till handlingsprogram Sydkraft Konsult AB

021 Ny läggningsteknik för PE-ledningar. Jun 92 Ove Ribberström 150 Förstudie Ove Ribberström Projektering AB

022 Katalog över gastekniska FUD-projekt i Aug92 Svenskt Gastekniskt Center AB 150 Sverige. Utgåva 4

023 Läggning av gasledning med plöjteknik vid Aug92 Nils Granstrand m fl 150 Lillhagen, Göteborg. Uppföljningsproj. Göteborg Energi AB

024 stumsvetsning och elektromuffsvetsning Aug92 Stefan Gruden 150 av PE-ledningar. Kostnadsaspekter. TUMAB

025 Papperstorkning med gas-IR. · Sep 92 Per-Arne Persson 100 Sammanfattning av ett antal FUD-projekt Svenskt Gastekniskt C en ter

026 Koldioxidgödsling i växthus med hjälp av Aug92 Stig Arne Molen m fl 150 naturgas. Handbok och tillämpn.exempel

027 Decentraliserad användning av gas för Okt92 Rolf Christensen 150 vätskevännning. Två praktikfall AF-Energikonsult

028 Stora gasledningar av PE. Teknisk och Okt92 Lars-Erik Andersson, 150 ekonomisk studie. Ake Carlsson

SGC SvensktGasteknisktCenter AB

Box 50525, 202 50 MALMÖ Telefon: 040-700 40 Telefax: 040-30 50 82

KF- Sigma, Lund

sgc measurement technologies ... for productian of electricity and heat. ... techniques for transit...

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