me din a book 1 translated notes

8/3/2019 Me Din a Book 1 Translated Notes

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applicatn

The Rules for Book 1

With an explanation in the

English language

Written by Abu Salmaan Talha ibnu William

Translated by Umm Mujaahid



2

} {

The demonstrative pronouns (for near):

: : : :

Demonstrative Pronouns

: This is (for masculine singular)

These are (for dual masculine)

These are (for dual feminine)

These are (for plural masculine or feminine)

This is (for feminine singular or plural irrational) for things which are

near

..... .

. . . .. .

The ,demonstrative pronouns are similar to the English ¶that· , ¶this·

and they are of two types; for things which are close, and for things at

a distance. Unlike in English, demonstrative pronouns in Arabic have a different form

for singular, dual, and plural, and they also change to correspond to the gender of the

noun. So if the noun is feminine then the demonstrative pronoun is also feminine,

however there are a few exceptions to this rule, as indicated below.



3

The demonstrative pronouns (for far):

: : : : :

:Examples

:

:

:

for things which

are far

That is (for masculine singular)That is (for feminine singular or plural irrational)

Those are (for dual masculine)

Those are (for dual feminine)

Those are (for plural masculine or feminine)

) -() -(

This is a man This is a book

(for masculine singular-rational) (for masculine singular-irrational)

) -( ) -(

This is a woman This is a car

(For feminine singular-rational) (For feminine singular-irrational)

) -) ( -(

These are scholars These are pens

(For masculine dual-rational) (For masculine dual-irrational)



4

:

:

:

) -) ( -(

These are Muslims These are Muslims

(For feminine plural-rational) (For masculine plural-rational)

. : . . is likewise allowed for irrational (nouns) but this is rare. For

example:

These words

) - () -(

That is engineer That is a star

(for masculine singular-rational) (for masculine singular-irrational)

) - ) ( - (

. .) -) ( -(

These are Muslims These are cows

(For feminine dual-rational) (For feminine dual-irrational)



5

:

:

:

) -) ( -(

Those are farmers Those are notebooks

(For masculine dual-rational) (For masculine dual-irrational)

) -) ( -(

Those are teachers Those are rulers

(For feminine dual-rational) (For feminine dual-irrational)

) -) ( -(



6

:

} {Possessed and possessor

:

Examples

The teacher·sbook

Haamid·s book

To show belonging in Arabic we use the possessive construction. This

consists of two parts. The possessed , which appears first and

the possessor , which follows straight after. The takes a damma, depending on its function in a sentence and the takes a kasra. It is important to note that the can never take an

alif or laam or a tanween whereas the can do so.



7

Possessor Possessed Possessor Possessed

) :With alif and laam(

} {Adjective and qualifying noun

:

.

.

Adjective qualifying noun Adjective qualifying noun

(Without alif and laam) (With alif and laam)

Example

A new house The new house

The adjective in Arabic follows the noun it qualifies, unlike in English it

comes after the noun. The adjective in Arabic is called the and the

noun it qualifies is referred to as the (the qualifying noun). The

follows the in its gender (masculine and feminine), in its

definite and indefiniteness, and like wise in its case.



8

} {The Vocative particle

and the Addressed

:

} {

The Genitive prepositions

The

Vocative

Particle

The

Addressed

To call upon someone in Arabic you use the vocative particle ,

which is , equivalent to the English oh. The noun that comes after it is

called the (the addressed), and it takes a single damma

regardless of gender.

. .. . ..

Oh Yaasir!



9

(

The Genitive prepositions are:

: :

: : :

:

Examples:

:

:

:

:

:

For (used for belonging)

In

On

From

To

By/at

The watch is on the desk

Zaynab is from Japan.

I am a student at the university

This book is for Muhammad

The teacher is in the class. .

.

.

.

.

Arabic nouns have endings to show their function in a sentence. The normal

ending of a noun is damma, and the case of it is called (Nominative). However, when the noun is proceeded by any of the

(genitive prepositions) it changes to a kasra and its case is no longer (Nominative) instead it becomes (Genitive).



10

:

} {

:

Haamid went to the masjid

The hospital

America

Musa

Zakariyya

Germany

The end case of the noun

does not change

A noun which is ismul maqsoor, has an ¶aa· sound ending. The ending

vowels of these nouns remain constant, despite their change in

function. For example, if they are preceded by a genitive preposition

(Harful Jarr), which would cause them to take a kasra, they remain

unaffected.



11

:

. . .

} {

The Relative pronouns are (for masculine):

The Relative pronouns

: Who/which (for singular masculine rational and irrational)

«for Musa «to America «in the hospital

. . . .

. . . .

The Relative pronouns, have the meaning of ¶which·, ¶who·,

and differ in their form to correspond to the correct gender. They also

differ to correspond to the singular, dual and plural noun. Note that the

pronoun is also used for plural irrational nouns (ghayru ¶aaqilin). Objects,

animals and concepts are classified as irrational nouns whilst rational include;

humans, angels and devils.



12

.

:Example

:

:

: Who/which (for singular feminine rational and plural masculine

and feminine irrational)

: Who (for plural feminine rational only)

: Who/which (for dual feminine rational and irrational)

Who/which (for dual masculine rational and irrational):

Who (for plural masculine rational only):

.The man who left the masjid is a famous merchant.

For masculine singular rational

) . .(

.The book, which is on the desk, belongs to the teacher.

For masculine singular irrational

) . . (

For masculine

For feminine



13

:

:

. The teachers who went to the classroom, are new.

For masculine dual rational

) . .(

The pens, which are in my bag, are old.

For masculine dual irrational

) . . (

. The engineers who left the restaurant are from

Turkey.

For masculine plural rational

) . .(



14

:

. The woman who went to the school is a

headmistress

For feminine singular rational

) . .(

. The ruler, which is on the desk, belongs to Muhammad.

For feminine singular irrational

) . . (

. The donkeys, which are in the field, belong to the

farmer.

For masculine plural irrational

) . . (



15

:

:

.The cars, which are in front of the masjid, belong to

the minister.

For feminine dual irrational

) . . (

.The students, who left from the school, are from

England.

For feminine dual rational

) . .(

.The Muslims who went to the market, are teachers from

Germany.

For feminine plural rational

) . .(



16

:

.

The Muslims who went to the market, are teachers from

Germany.

For feminine plural rational

) . .(



17

} { The laam of definiteness

:Example

. .

This house This is a house

(The laam of definiteness)

A noun that has tanween, the indefinite article, is referred to as

indefinite. The Tanween is the double vowel that you find at the end of a

noun (look at the first example below). Its equivalent in English is ¶A·. In

Arabic to make a noun definite we add on the alif and laam. The laam here

is called the ,laam of definiteness.



18

} {The detached pronouns

They are:

We: I:

We are students

) ( For plural or dual

st de t

. I am a student

) (

For singular

: For first person (masculine or feminine)

. . . . . ...... .

Pronouns are of two main categories: , the detached

pronouns and ,the attached pronouns. The pronouns

in this category are detached pronouns. Detached pronouns give the

meaning ¶he· ¶she· ¶they· etc and even ¶it·. They are divided into 3 types:

for first person, second person, and third person, in each of these

categories they differ in form. Please note unlike in English, pronouns

in Arabic have a different form for dual and plural.



19

You (plural):(dual)You:(singular)You:

You (plural):(dual)You:You (singular):

. You are students

) ( For masculine dual

You are a student

) (For masculine singular

. You are students

) (

For masculine plural

You are students

) ( For feminine dual

You are a student

) (For feminine singular

You are students

) ( For feminine plural

: For Second person (masculine)

: For second person (feminine)

For third person (masculine):



20

They (plural): (dual)They: He (singular):

They (plural): (dual)They: He (singular):

} {The attached pronouns

They are students

) ( For masculine dual

He is a student

) (For masculine singular

. They are students

) ( For masculine plural

For third person (feminine):

They are students

) ( For feminine dual

She is a student

) (For feminine singular

They are students

) (

For feminine plural

.. . . . . . .....



21

:

Our book

) . ( Masculine and feminine

plural and dual

My book


singular

As mentioned earlier Pronouns are of two categories: The Detached

Pronouns and the Attached Pronouns. The category mentioned here is

that of Attached Pronouns. Similarly Attached Pronouns are divided

into 3 types: for first person, second person, and third person and

within these categories they differ in form. The pronouns once again

have a different form for dual and plural.



22

:

:

Your book


dual

Your book

) . ( Masculine singular

Your book

) . ( Masculine plural

Your book

) . ( For masculine and

feminine dual

Your book

) . ( For feminine singular

Your book

) . ( For feminine plural



23

:

:

} { The kam of interrogation

and its specification

Their book

) . ( For masculine dual

His book

) . ( For masculine singular

Their book

.) ( For masculine plural

Their book

) . ( For masculine and

Feminine dual

Her book

) . ( For feminine singular

. Their book

) . ( For feminine plural

Kam of interrogation comes before a noun and it is used for questioning. It gives

the meaning how much/many. The noun that comes after it is called its tamyeez

(specification) and it is always singular and takes the mansoob case (Accusative

case). Please look at the example below.



24

:Example

. .

Verbs

} {

The taa· of feminine form

How many wheels

belong to the bike?

How many pens do

you have?

The tamyeez (distinctive term) of kam is always singular.

It is ended with an alif, except when the noun ends with

the taa marboota (a closed taa)

The kam of

Interrogation

Its

specification

Its

specification

The kam of

Interrogation

Arabic verbs have a root, similar to English. Verbs are normally made up

of three letters knows as radicals. To make a verb represent the past

tense certain letters are added at the end of the root (look at the



25

:

. .

} {The noon of women form

:

. .

The mother left the

house

The student sat in the

classroom

The (female ² pl.)

nurses left the

hospital

The women (pl.) went

to the masjid

Example



26

} {The waw of group form

:

. .

} {The number and the enumerated

) (

From 3 to 10

The pilgrims (male ²

pl.) returned from

Mecca

The men (pl.) went to

the school

In Arabic, to construct a number two things are included; the (the number)

and the (the enumerated). The noun, which denotes the thing numbered, is

called and the number is called the . Unlike in English, Arabic numbers

can be feminine or masculine. With regards to the numbers 3 to 10, if the is feminine the is masculine and if the is masculine the is

feminine (opposites come together). Also the numbers from 3 to 10 follow the

mudaaf and mudaafun ilaihi construction.



27

:

.

. .

When the enumerated is masculine then the number is feminine, and

when the enumerated is feminine then the number is masculine, like

what is clear in the two examples (above).

3 Female students 3 Male students

The enumerated

(Feminine - )

The enumerated

(Masculine - )

.

The number The number

For the masculine enumerated



28

. . .

Five students Four students Three students

.

Eight students Seven students

Six students

Ten students Nine students

Five students Four students Three students

Six students

For the feminine enumerated



29

} {The Diptotes

. )( ).(

The Diptotes do not like two things, and they are nunation and the kasra

Eight students Seven students Ten students Nine students

The Diptotes are nouns that do not take a single kasra nor do they take a

Tanween (double vowel), which can be of: dammataan , fathataan and

kasrataan . So it is important to understand that if a diptote is in a

sentence where it is supposed to take a kasra, it does not do so, rather it is

substituted with a fatha. (Please look to the examples below)



30

:

:

:

.

To Zaynab

In the schools

From London

The following examples are from the diptotes:

Feminine proper nouns

) (

. .. . .

Jeddah Mecca ¶Aaishah Faatima Zaynab



31

:

:

:

Yuusuf Paris London Edward William

A feminine proper noun designated for the

masculine

) (

. . . .

Talha Mu·aawiya Usaama Hamza

Masculine nouns, ending with aalif and noon on the

scale of fa·laan

) (

The foreign proper nouns

)(

.. . .

Marwaan Sufyaan ¶Affaan ¶Uthmaan



32

:

:

:

The proper nouns on the scale of af·alu

) (

. . ...

better greater blue yellow red black white

Adjective and colour on the scale of af·alu

) (

Anwar Ahmad

.

full thirsty hungary lazy

Adjective on the scale of fa·laan

) (



33

:

:

:

doctors strongones truthful ones rich ones

pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of af·ilaau) (

scholars colleagues ministers poor ones

pl. pl. pl. pl.

On the scale of fu·alaau

) (

. . . .

minutes doctors hotels schools mosques

pl. pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of mafaa·ilu

) (



34

:

chairs cups keys handkerchiefs

pl. pl. pl. pl.

on the scale of mafaa·eelu

) (

me din a book 1 translated notes

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