mdr0998rp0012 s a02 171114 f01 environmental r… · [southernregion] [mdr0998rp0012_f01] 78 5.2.7...

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[SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage associated with the implementation of the RWMP is the resulting potential for both direct and indirect impacts on archaeological and architectural features and their settings as a result of siting of waste management infrastructure and also as a result of illegal dumping and fly tipping in proximity to these sites. There is also the potential for direct and indirect impacts on currently unknown archaeologicalfeaturesduringconstructionofnewfacilitiesand/orremediationoflegacylandfills. With that in mind, it is recognised that impacts to specific monuments and subsurface unknown archaeologyaremoreappropriatelyassessedataprojectlevele.g.proposalforanewwastefacility. At the strategic level of the RWMP, focus will be on appropriate siting guidance that can alleviate conflict at later stages in the planning hierarchy and contribute to avoidance of risk as far as possible.ThesitesandfeaturesconsideredaspartoftheculturalheritagebaselinefortheRWMP includethoselistedonthe: Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), which is the statutory list of all known archaeological monuments in Ireland and is compiled by the Archaeological Survey of Ireland,partoftheDepartmentofArts,HeritageandtheGaeltacht; NationalInventoryofArchitecturalHeritage(NIAH),whichidentifies,recordsandevaluates the post1700 architectural heritage of Ireland, uniformly and consistently as an aid in the protection and conservation of the built heritage. NIAH surveys provide the basis for the recommendations of the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government to theplanningauthoritiesfortheinclusionofparticularstructuresintheirRecordofProtected Structures;and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage List,whichincludesculturalandnaturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldconsideredtobeof outstandingvaluetohumanity. Table 521 presents the number of features listed on each of these within the counties of the SouthernRegion. Table521–NumberofListed/DesignatedCulturalHeritageResourcesinEachCounty RMP* NIAH UNESCO Carlow 1,783 305 Clare 7,855 473 Cork 18,705 9,224 Kerry 13,759 873 1 Kilkenny 4,849 2,124 Limerick 7,814 3,189 TipperaryNorth 3,450 870 TipperarySouth 5,123 1,486 Waterford 3,349 2,834 Wexford 3,660 2,855 *RMPcountsexcluderedundantrecords

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Page 1: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

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5.2.7 Cultural�Heritage�

The� main� issue� for� archaeological,� architectural� and� cultural� heritage� associated� with� the�implementation� of� the� RWMP� is� the� resulting� potential� for� both� direct� and� indirect� impacts� on�archaeological� and� architectural� features� and� their� settings� as� a� result� of� siting� of� waste�management� infrastructure� and� also� as� a� result� of� illegal� dumping� and� fly� tipping� in� proximity� to�these� sites.� There� is� also� the� potential� for� direct� and� indirect� impacts� on� currently� unknown�archaeological�features�during�construction�of�new�facilities�and�/�or�remediation�of�legacy�landfills.���With� that� in� mind,� it� is� recognised� that� impacts� to� specific� monuments� and� subsurface� unknown�archaeology�are�more�appropriately�assessed�at�a�project�level�e.g.�proposal�for�a�new�waste�facility.��At� the�strategic� level�of� the�RWMP,� focus�will�be�on�appropriate�siting�guidance�that�can�alleviate�conflict� at� later� stages� in� the� planning� hierarchy� and� contribute� to� avoidance� of� risk� as� far� as�possible.��The�sites�and�features�considered�as�part�of�the�cultural�heritage�baseline�for�the�RWMP�include�those�listed�on�the:�

� Record� of� Monuments� and� Places� (RMP),� which� is� the� statutory� list� of� all� known�archaeological� monuments� in� Ireland� and� is� compiled� by� the� Archaeological� Survey� of�Ireland,�part�of�the�Department�of�Arts,�Heritage�and�the�Gaeltacht;�

� National�Inventory�of�Architectural�Heritage�(NIAH),�which�identifies,�records�and�evaluates�the�post�1700�architectural�heritage�of� Ireland,�uniformly�and�consistently�as�an�aid� in� the�protection� and� conservation� of� the� built� heritage.� NIAH� surveys� provide� the� basis� for� the�recommendations�of� the�Minister� for� the�Environment,�Heritage�and�Local�Government� to�the�planning�authorities�for�the�inclusion�of�particular�structures�in�their�Record�of�Protected�Structures;�and��

� United� Nations� Educational,� Scientific� and� Cultural� Organisation� (UNESCO)� World� Heritage�List,�which�includes�cultural�and�natural�heritage�sites�around�the�world�considered�to�be�of�outstanding�value�to�humanity.�

Table� 5�21� presents� the� number� of� features� listed� on� each� of� these� within� the� counties� of� the�Southern�Region.���

Table�5�21�–�Number�of�Listed/�Designated�Cultural�Heritage�Resources�in�Each�County�

� RMP*� NIAH� UNESCO�

Carlow� 1,783� 305� ��

Clare� 7,855� 473� ��

Cork� 18,705� 9,224� ��

Kerry� 13,759� 873� 1�

Kilkenny� 4,849� 2,124� ��

Limerick� 7,814� 3,189� ��

Tipperary�North� 3,450� 870� ��

Tipperary�South� 5,123� 1,486� ��

Waterford� 3,349� 2,834� ��

Wexford� 3,660� 2,855� ��

*�RMP�counts�exclude�redundant�records

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There�is�one�UNESCO�site�in�the�Southern�Region,�Skellig�Michael�which�is�situated�in�County�Kerry.�There�are�an�additional�7�UNESCO�sites�nationally�which�have�been�submitted�on�the�tentative�list.��Of� these,� 3� occur� within� the� region� and� include� the� following:� the� Burren� and� Inis� Cealtra� (Early�Medieval� Monastic� Sites);� Cashel� (Royal� Sites� of� Ireland);� and� Cahercommaun,� the� Burren� County�Clare,� Caherconree� and� Benagh,� Dingle� Peninsula� and� Staigue,� Iveragh� Peninsula,� County� Kerry�(comprising�the�Western�Stone�Forts).�

5.2.7.1 Existing�Environmental�Pressures/�Problems:�Cultural�Heritage,�Archaeology�and�Architecture�

Waste� quantities� and� waste� management� activities� resulting� from� economic� growth� and� increasing�population�are�placing�pressure�on�sites�or� features�of�architectural,�archaeological�or�cultural�heritage�interest.�Individual�developments�put�direct�pressure�on�this�resource,�where�it�is�in�proximity,�or�where�it�increases�the�potential�to� interact�with�known�or�previously�unknown�sites�and�features.�Together�with�the� existing� pressures� on� landscape� and� visual� resources,� this� can� result� in� an� impact� on� the� overall�cultural�heritage�resource.�

5.2.8 Landscape�

Currently�there�is�no�agreed�National�Landscape�Strategy�and�as�a�result,�the�protection�of�national�landscape� character� types� is� not� available.� � Instead� local� authorities� conserve� and� protect� scenic�value�as�areas�of�high�amenity,�high�sensitivity,�areas�of�outstanding�natural�beauty,�protected�views�and�similar�designations�but�the�approach�is�uncoordinated�and�can�lead�to�different�prioritisations�in�neighbouring�counties.��Each�local�authority�is�responsible�for�the�designation�of�these�within�their�individual� jurisdictions,� with� each� development� plan� providing� objectives� to� protect� such� scenic�values.�

The�Department�of�Arts,�Heritage�and�the�Gaeltacht�issued�for�public�consultation�in�July�of�this�year,�a� draft� National� Landscape� Strategy� for� Ireland� –� 2014�2024.� � The� overall� vision� of� the� strategy� is�stated�as:��

“Our� landscape� reflects� and� embodies� our� cultural� values� and�our� shared�natural� heritage�and� contributes� to� the� well�being� of� our� society,� environment� and� economy.�We� have� an�obligation� to� ourselves� and� to� future� generations� to� promote� its� sustainable� protection,�management�and�planning.”�

In�time�this�is�likely�to�standardise�the�approach�nationally�but�for�now�a�coordinated�baseline�is�not�available�at�the�national�or�regional�level.�

The� Southern� Region� covers� an� area� of� around� 29,589km2� which� represents� about� 42%� of� the�country.�The�topography�of�the�Southern�Region�includes�lowland�areas�with�rich�agricultural� land,�peatlands,� forest� and� mountainous� areas.� � The� extensive� coastline,� which� comprises� the� eastern,�western�and�southern�boundary�of�the�region,�is�approximately�4,050km�long�(including�islands)�and�includes�various�bays,�estuaries,�and�portions�of�the�Irish�Sea,�Celtic�Sea�and�Atlantic�Ocean.��

The�region�features�the�McGillicuddy�Reeks�in�Kerry,�with�Carrauntoohil�as�Ireland’s�highest�peak�(at�1,038m)� through� to� County� Carlow� which� forms� part� of� the� Great� Plain� of� Ireland.� � County� Clare�

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contains� the�Burren� limestone�pavement� landscape,�while�Lough�Derg�and� the�Shannon�River�and�Estuary� strongly� influence� the� topography� in� the� north�west� of� the� region.� The� topography� of�Limerick�County�and�north�Cork�mainly�comprises�fertile�lowland,�with�mountain�ranges�such�as�the�Ballyhouras�to�the�east.��To�the�south,�Cork�is�characterised�by�river�valleys�and�ridges�which�run�east�to� west� –� the� main� rivers� are� the� Blackwater,� Bride,� Lee� and� Bandon.� � In� the� west� Cork� area,� the�mountains� include� the� Boggeragh,� Derrynasagart,� Shehy� and� Caha� Mountains.� Tipperary� features�agricultural�lowlands�and�higher�areas,�the�most�significant�of�which�are�the�Galtee�Mountains�and�the� Silvermine� Mountains� to� the� north� of� the� county,� and� the� renowned� Slievenamon� peak� near�Clonmel.� � In�the�south�east�of�the�region,�the�main�mountain�ranges�are�the�Knockmealdowns�and�the� Comeraghs� in� Tipperary� and� Waterford.� � Also� to� the� south�east� is� the� Leinster� Massif� which�occupies� the� zone� between� the� River� Slaney� and� the� River� Barrow,� and� includes� the� Blackstairs�Mountains,�with�Mount�Leinster�at�its�peak.��

Given�the�strategic�nature�of�Southern�RWMP,�and�in�the�absence�of�site�specific�locations�for�future�waste� management� facilities,� it� is� difficult� to� provide� more� relevant� baseline� information� for�Landscape.���

5.2.8.1 Existing�Environmental�Pressures/�Problems:�Landscape�

Waste� quantities� and� waste� management� activities� resulting� from� economic� growth� and� increasing�population� is�placing�pressure�on�sites�or� features�of� scenic�value.�Existing�pressures�on� landscape�and�visual� resources� are� primarily� related� to� impacts� to� sensitive� views� and� landscapes� resulting� from� the�secondary�impacts�from�the�siting�of�development.�The�absence�of�a�cohesive�national�landscape�strategy�which�seeks� to�preserve�and�/or�protect�such�historical�and�cultural� landscapes,� landscapes�of�amenity�and�social�value�and�features�of�scenic�value�places�much�of�the�emphasis�on�local�authorities,�however�the�approaches�taken�are�often�not�consistent.�

� �

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5.3 INTER�RELATIONSHIP�

The� interrelationship� between� the� SEA� environmental� topics� is� an� important� consideration� for�environmental�assessment.� �Figure�5�15�highlights� the�key� interrelationships� identified� in� this�SEA.��These�potential� interrelationships�have�been�taken�into�account� in�the�assessment�of�the�different�alternatives.� � A� key� interrelationship� is� between� air� quality,� climate� and� human� health.� � Methane�emissions� from� landfilling� have� impacts� on� air� quality� and� consequently� human� heath� but� in�addition,�methane�is�a�significant�greenhouse�gas�that�can�contribute�to�climate�change�and�flooding�which�in�turn�has�implications�for�population�and�human�health,�particularly�in�coastal�regions.��

Biodiversity,�Flora,�Fauna� X� � � � � � � �

Population�/Human�Health�

X� X� � � � � � �

Soil�X� X� X� � � � � �

Water�X� X� X� X� � � � �

Air,�Climatic�Factors� X� X� � X� X� � � �

Material�Assets� X� X� X� X� X� X� � �

Cultural�Heritage� � X� X� X� � X� X� �

Landscape�X� X� X� X� X� X� X� X�

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Figure�5�15�–�Inter�relationships�between�the�SEA�Topics�

� �

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5.4 LIKELY�EVOLUTION�OF�THE�BASELINE�WITHOUT�IMPLEMENTATION�OF�THE�PLAN��

The�SEA�legislation�requires�that�consideration�is�given�to�the�likely�evolution�of�the�current�baseline�where� implementation� of� the� plan� does� not� take� place.� � In� the� draft� EPA� Strategic� Environmental�Assessment�Process�Note�for�Waste�Management�Plans,�this� is�further�clarified�as�the�“business�as�usual”�scenario�where�the�existing�plan�continues�into�the�future.��In�the�case�of�waste�management,�this� would� mean� a� situation� where� the� 10� waste� regions� remained� in� place� with� their� respective�waste�plans.���

Table�5�22���Likely�Evolution�of�the�Baseline�without�Implementation�of�the�RWMP�

Key�Issue� Likely�evolution�without�the�Southern RWMP

Biodiversity,�flora�and�fauna�

Without�the�implementation�of�the�Southern RWMP�the�biodiversity,�flora�and�fauna�of�the�region,�including�protected�sites,�habitats�and�species,�would�continue�to�exist�in�much� the� same� pattern,� abundance� and� density� as� today� however� there� would� be�continued� pressure� on� biodiversity� as� a� result� of� ongoing� legacy� issues� from� historic�landfills� e.g.� emissions� from� leachate� effecting� soil,� groundwater� and� surface� water�dependant�ecosystems;�illegal�dumping;�and�backyard�burning.�Whilst�the�continuation�of� the�10�waste� regions� set�up�and� their�associated�waste�management�plans�would�offer�some�protection�to�biodiversity,�the�fragmented�and�un�coordinated�response�to�these�issues�under�the�previous�planning�model�is�likely�to�result�in�continued�negative�pressures� on� the� Natura� 2000� network� and� also� national� and� local� biodiversity� sites.��The�new�set�up�should�provide�for�greater�co�ordination�between� local�authorities� in�assessing�the�waste�treatment�capacity�deficits�and�avoid�construction�of�unnecessary�infrastructure�and�the�associated�impacts�to�biodiversity.���

Population�and�human�health�

In� the� absence� of� the� Southern� RWMP,� waste� management� activities� could� not� be�coordinated� to� allow� for� greater� resource� efficiencies� and� to� better� reflect� the�movement�of�waste�within�and�to�/�from�the�region.���Previous�plans�have�struggled�to�resource�actions�and�reach�defined�targets,�partially�due�to�the�fragmented�viewpoint�delivered�by�a�10�region�model.��The�lack�of�coordinated�resources�would�continue�to�deliver�uncoordinated�infrastructure�and�programmes�in�different�parts�of�the�country.��This�could�contribute�to�increases�in�unmanaged�waste�material,�backyard�burning�and�illegal� dumping.� � These� practices� in� turn� will� give� rise� to� deterioration� of� air� quality,�water�and�soils�quality�and�in�turn�to�human�health�which�could�be�avoided�through�a�more�co�ordinated�approach�under�waste�plans�under�the�new�3�region�configuration.��In�the�absence�of�the�plan�it�is�likely�that�tighter�controls�would�still�be�put�in�place�on�unsustainable� residential� development,� including� one� off� housing� thereby� curbing�difficulties�in�servicing�a�dispersed�population.�

Soil,�Geology�and�Hydrogeology�

In�the�absence�of�the Southern�RWMP,�the�programme�of�remediation�of�unregulated�historic�landfills�and�licensed�sites�would�continue�albeit�on�a�more�ad�hoc�basis�than�would�be�implemented�through�the�new�3�region�configuration�which�allows�for�more�effective� and� efficient� management� of� local� authority� resources.� The� EPA� Code� of�Practice:� Environmental� Risk� Assessment� for� Unregulated� Waste� Disposal� Sites� (EPA,�2007)�and�the�Guidance�on�contaminated�Land�and�Groundwater�at�EPA�Licensed�Sites�(EPA,� 2013)� would� continue� to� be� used� when� assessing� unregulated� historic� landfills�and� licensed� facilities.� � The� principal� aim� in� dealing� with� contaminated� land� and�groundwater�related�issues�is�to�secure�the�protection�of�human�health,�water�bodies�(including�groundwater)�and�the�wider�environment.�

Water�

In� the� absence� of� the� RWMPs,� the� water� quality� in� Ireland� is� likely� to� continue� to�improve� in� line� with� efforts� being� made� by� the� RBMP� and� Programme� of� Measures�(PoM)�throughout�Ireland.��The�rate�of�this�improvement�in�surface�waters�will�remain�insufficient�to�meet�the�requirement�of�achieving�good�status�in�all�waters�by�2015�as�

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Key�Issue� Likely�evolution�without�the�Southern RWMPrequired� by� the� Water� Framework� Directive� and� the� main� challenges:� eliminating�serious� pollution� associated� with� point� sources;� tackling� diffuse� pollution;� and� using�the� full� range� of� legislative� measures� in� an� integrated� way� to� achieve� better� water�quality�would�remain.��The�second�cycle�of�the�RBMP�and�POM�would�be�initiated�with�continued�gains�expected�regardless�of�the�RWMP.�The�advantage�of�having�3�regions�over�10�regions�is�that�a�parallel�review�process�could�be�undertaken�with�the�Southern�RWMP�and�the�South�Eastern,�South�Western�and�Shannon�RBMP.�

Air�and�climatic�factors

Air�quality�in�Ireland�is�of�a�high�standard�across�the�country,�meeting�all�EU�air�quality�standards,�according�to�the�EPA.��The�absence�of�the�RWMP�is�not�expected�to�affect�this�trend.�As� a� result� of� manmade� greenhouse� gas� emissions,� climate� change� is� predicted� to�occur�in�the�future�regardless�of�action.� �The�UN�Intergovernmental�Panel�on�Climate�Change�(IPCC)�in�their�Climate�Change�2007:�Climate�Change�Impacts,�Adaptation�and�Vulnerability� Report� predict� sea� level� rise,� changes� in� rainfall� patterns� and�temperatures� as� well� as� changes� in� the� frequency� of� droughts� and� extreme� weather�events.� � The� potential� impacts� from� sea� level� increases,� increased� flooding,� summer�droughts,�etc.,�may�impact�on�waste�management.�In� the� absence� of� the� RWMP� the� uncoordinated� approach� to� provision� of� waste�management� infrastructure�to�meet�demands�could�result� in�unnecessary� impacts�on�existing�air�quality.�

Material�assets

The� RWMP� incorporates� the� requirements� of� existing� directives,� regulations� and�measures� to� reduce� pollution.� � It� provides� for� the� coordination� of� these� controls� to�reduce� impacts� to� the� environment� and� examines� how� waste� management� activities�are� impacting� the� wider� environment� and� the� measures� needed� to� address� these�negative�effects.� � In�the�absence�of�the�plan,�waste�management�in�the�region�would�continue� to� be� managed� in� a� less� coordinated� manner,� thus� the� cumulative� and�synergistic� impacts� on� the� environment� of� increasing� population� figures� across� the�region�would�continue.�Critically�the�new�framework�will�allow�for�a�more�coordinated�approach�to�assessing�waste� management� infrastructure� requirements� within� the� state� to� manage� waste�(including� municipal� waste)� nationally� and� regionally� and� avoid� the� unnecessary�development� of� waste� infrastructure� and� subsequent� significant� over�capacity� of�certain�types�of�infrastructure.�

Cultural�heritage

In� the� absence� of� the� RWMP the� uncoordinated� approach� to� provision� of� waste�management� infrastructure�to�meet�demands�could�result� in�unnecessary� impacts�on�existing� cultural� heritage� resource.� The� new� framework� will� enable� a� greater�concentration� of� resources,� while� still� addressing� geographical� and� other� relevant�differences.��

Landscape

In� the� absence� of� the� RWMP the� uncoordinated� approach� to� provision� of� waste�management� infrastructure�to�meet�demands�could�result� in�unnecessary� impacts�on�existing� designated� landscapes.� The� new� framework� will� enable� a� greater�concentration� of� resources,� while� still� addressing� geographical,� land� use� and� other�relevant�differences.�

5.5 KEY�PRESSURES�IN�THE�SOUTHERN�REGION�

Table�5�23�gives�a�summary�of�the�principal�environmental�related�problems�experienced�within�the�Southern�Region�and�how�the�RWMP�is�going�to�deal�with�these�issues.�

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Page 13: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

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Page 14: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

�[Southern�Region]��

[MDR0998Rp0012_F01]� � 91�

6 ENVIRONMENTAL�PROTECTION�OBJECTIVES�AND�SEA�FRAMEWORK�

Because� SEA,� as� its� name� suggests,� is� set� at� a� strategic� level,� it� is� not� possible� for� the� baseline�environment�to�be�described�(and�assessed)� in�as�much�detail�as�could�be�done�for�a�project�level�environmental�impact�assessment.��Instead,�SEA�uses�a�system�of�objectives,�targets�and�indicators�to�set�a�framework�for�assessment�of�the�plan.�

In� order� to� streamline� the� assessment� process,� this� report� has� used� broad� themes,� based� on� the�environmental�topics�listed�in�the�SEA�Directive,�to�group�large�environmental�data�sets,�e.g.,�human�health,� cultural� heritage� and� climate.� � Assigned� to� each� of� these� themes� is� at� least� one� high�level�Strategic� Environmental� Objective� � (SEO)� that� specifies� a� desired� direction� for� change,� e.g.� reduce�CO2� emissions,� against� which� the� future� impacts� of� the� plans� can� be� measured.� � These� high�level�Strategic� Environmental� Objectives� are� then� paired� with� specific� targets.� � The� progress� towards�achieving� these� specific� targets� is� monitored� using� Indicators,� which� are� measures� of� identified�variables�over�time.�

6.1 DEVELOPMENT�OF�STRATEGIC�ENVIRONMENTAL�OBJECTIVES,�TARGETS�AND�INDICATORS�

6.1.1 Strategic�Environmental�Objectives�

There�are�essentially�three�types�of�objectives�considered�as�part�of�this�SEA.��The�first�relates�to�the�objectives� of� the� plan.� � The� second� relates� to� wider� Environmental� Objectives,� i.e.� environmental�protection� objectives� at� a� national,� European� and� international� level� (see� Chapter� 4),� and� finally�there�are�the�Strategic�Environmental�Objectives�(SEO),�which�were�devised�to�test�the�effects�of�the�Southern�RWMP�on�the�wider�environment.�

The�selected�SEO�for�this�SEA�are�set�out�in�Table�6�1.��These�environmental�objectives�are�based�on�the� current� understanding� of� the� key� environmental� issues� having� regard� to� the� environmental�protection�objectives�outlined�in�Chapter�4�(and�Appendix�A).��A�draft�set�of�objectives�was�included�in�the�SEA�Scoping�Report�prepared�for�the�Southern�RWMP�which�underwent�public�consultation�in�Q2� of� 2014.� � The� objectives� have� been� updated� prior� to� the� assessment� based� on� feedback� from�statutory�consultees�and�the�public�on�the�draft�objectives.� �Guidance� from�the�EPA�through�their�SEA�Process�Note�for�RWMP�in�particular�has�influenced�the�evolution�of�the�objectives�which�ensure�the� focus� of� the� assessment� is� on� all� of� the� possible� impacts� associated� specifically� with� waste�management�issues�covered�by�the�draft�plan.���

6.1.2 Strategic�Environmental�Indicators�and�Targets�

The� overall� purpose� of� environmental� indicators� in� the� SEA� is� to� provide� a� way� of� measuring� the�environmental�effect�of�implementing�the�Plan.��Environmental�indicators�are�also�used�to�track�the�progress�in�achieving�the�targets�set� in�the�SEA�as�well�as�the�Plan�itself.� �Targets�were�considered�over�the�duration�of�the�baseline�data�collection�and�assessment,�and�throughout�the�consultation�process,�in�order�to�meet�the�SEOs�as�well�as�the�objectives�of�the�Plan.���

Page 15: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

�[Southern�Region]��

[MDR0998Rp0012_F01]� � 92�

The�proposed�targets�and�indicators�have�been�selected�bearing�in�mind�the�availability�of�data�and�the� feasibility� of� making� direct� links� between� any� changes� in� the� environment� and� the�implementation�of�the�Plan.��For�this�reason,�where�possible�targets�and�indicators�have�been�based�on� existing� published� targets� such� as� Irelands� Action� Plan� for� Biodiversity� 2011�2016,� � which� set�national�objectives,�targets�and�indicators�to�measure�Ireland’s�progress�in�protecting�biodiversity,�in�line�with�our�commitments�under�the�Convention�on�Biological�Diversity�(CBD).��

The�objectives,�targets�and�indicators�associated�with�each�topic�area�are�presented�in�Table�6�1.�It�is�noted�that�some�targets�and�indicators�relate�to�more�than�one�objective.��It�is�further�noted�that�in�certain�cases,�targets�and�indicators�are�not�relevant�or�realistic�at�this�strategic�level�and�where�this�is�the�case,�this�has�been�noted�in�the�table.�

.

Page 16: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

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�Objectiv

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Strategic�Objectiv

e�Target

Indicator

Obj.�1

:�Biodiversity

�Flora�and

�Fau

na�

Pres

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,�pr

otec

t�an

d�m

aint

ain�

the�

terr

estr

ial,�

aqua

tic�a

nd�

soil�

biod

iver

sity,

�par

ticul

arly

�EU

�and

�nat

iona

lly�d

esig

nate

d�sit

es�a

nd�p

rote

cted

�spec

ies.

Maj

ority

�of�h

abita

ts�o

r�spe

cies

�in,�o

r�mov

ing�

tow

ards

,�fav

oura

ble�

cons

erva

tion�

stat

us.�

[Bas

ed�o

n�na

tiona

l�Tar

get�1

7�of

�Irel

and’

s�Act

ion�

Plan

�for�B

iodi

vers

ity�2

011�

2016

].�

The�

stat

us�o

f�pro

tect

ed�h

abita

ts�a

nd�sp

ecie

s�as�

repo

rted

�to�th

e�EU

�(rep

ort�d

ue�e

very

�six�

year

s,�fi

rst�

repo

rt�in

�200

7).�

Obj.�2

:�Biodiversity

�Flora�and

�Fau

na�

Inte

grat

e�bi

odiv

ersit

y�co

nsid

erat

ions

�in

to�

the�

Sout

hern

�RW

MP.�

Ensu

re�m

itiga

tion�

mea

sure

s�fro

m�th

e�So

uthe

rn�

RWM

P�SE

A�an

d�AA

�are

�fully

�impl

emen

ted�

with

in�

the�

plan

�per

iod.

Audi

t�of�p

rogr

ess�i

n�th

e�im

plem

enta

tion�

of�

miti

gatio

n�m

easu

rest

wo�

year

s�pos

t�ado

ptio

n�of

�th

e�pl

an�a

nd�a

t�com

plet

ion�

of�th

e�pl

an�p

erio

d.�

Obj.�3

:�Pop

ulation�an

d�Hu

man

�Health

Prot

ect�h

uman

�hea

lth�fr

om�th

e�im

pact

s�of�w

aste

�m

anag

emen

t�by�

ensu

ring�

was

te�p

reve

ntio

n�an

d�re

late

d�ac

tiviti

es�a

re�p

rom

oted

�at�c

omm

unity

�and

�indi

vidu

al�le

vel.�

Incr

ease

�ex

pend

iture

�on

�w

aste

�pr

even

tion�

activ

ities

�(inc

ludi

ng�e

duca

tion,

�aw

aren

ess,

�trai

ning

�et

c.)�t

o�a�

min

imum

�of�1

5c/in

habi

tant

.�

Tota

l�pre

vent

ion�

/�reu

se�b

udge

t�per

�ann

um�in

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h�Lo

cal�

Auth

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�as�

a�%

�of�

tota

l�sp

end�

on�w

aste

�m

anag

emen

t.�

Obj.�4

:�Pop

ulation�an

d�Hu

man

�Health

Prom

ote�

and�

enco

urag

e�ac

cess

�and

�ser

vice

s�fo

r�ap

prop

riate

�w

aste

�man

agem

ent�f

or�a

ll.�

Incr

ease

�the

�num

ber�

of�h

ouse

hold

s�av

ailin

g�of

�ke

rbsid

e�w

aste

�col

lect

ion�

serv

ices

�prio

ritisi

ng�a

reas

�w

ith�e

xist

ing�

low

�upt

ake.

��

Num

ber�o

f�hou

seho

lds�i

n�th

e�re

gion

�on�

a�ke

rbsid

e�co

llect

ion.

Qua

ntity

�of�u

nman

aged

�was

te�in

�the�

regi

on.�

Obj.�5

:�Soils

Safe

guar

d�so

il�qu

ality

�and

�qua

ntity

�from

�was

te�a

nd�re

duce

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Page 18: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

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[Southern�Region]� �

[MDR0998Rp0012_F01]� � 96�

7 ALTERNATIVES�

7.1 INTRODUCTION�

The�consideration�of�alternatives�is�a�requirement�of�the�SEA�Directive�(2001/42/EC).��It�states�under�Article�5(1)9�that;�

Where�an�environmental�assessment�is�required�under�Article�3(1),�an�environmental�report�shall�be�prepared� in� which� the� likely� significant� effects� on� the� environment� of� implementing� the� plan� or�programme,� and� reasonable� alternatives� taking� into� account� the� objectives� and� the� geographical�scope� of� the� plan� or� programme,� are� identified,� described� and� evaluated.� � The� information� to� be�given�for�this�purpose�is�referred�to�in�Annex�I.�

The� term� ‘reasonable’� is� not� defined� in� the� legislation.� Good� practice� points� to� the� analysis� of�‘alternatives’�as�being�a�constructive�and� informative�exercise�for�the�policy�makers,�and�that�only�‘possible’�options�for�policy�are�examined.���

Alternatives� are� required� to� take� into� account� the� objectives� of� the� Plan.� � The� alternatives� study�therefore� must� operate� within� the� strategic� objectives,� set� out� for� the� Plan,� and� provide� an�examination�of�alternative�means�of�implementing�the�plan.��Section�3.14�of�the�DEHLG�Guidelines10�notes� that� the� higher� the� level� of� the� Plan,� the� more� strategic� the� options� which� are� likely� to� be�available.���

The�Directive�does�not�prescribe�at�what�stage�consideration�of�alternatives�should�be�undertaken,�however,�to�present�a�useful�input�into�the�plan�making�process,�all�guidance�points�to�considering�alternatives�as�early�as�possible.� �Guidance�also�recognises�that�multiple� layers�of�alternatives�may�exist,�particularly�for�plans�of�this�nature.���

7.2 APPROACH�TO�ALTERNATIVES�FOR�THE�SOUTHERN�REGION�

Early� discussion� of� possible� alternatives� was� undertaken� as� part� of� the� scoping� for� the� Southern�RWMP,� which� was� the� subject� of� public� consultation.� � This� chapter� of� the� Environmental� Report�considers� alternatives� in� greater� detail� and� outlines� the� reasonable� alternatives� which� have� been�developed�through�the�evolution�of� the�draft�plan.� �Given�the�nature�of� the�plan,�several� levels�of�alternatives�have�been�considered�before�arriving�at�a�preferred�option.��Both�the�Plan�team�and�the�SEA� team� have� been� conscious� of� the� need� for� iteration� in� this� regard� and� consideration� of�alternatives� therefore� started� early� in� the� process� by� considering� strategic� needs� initially� before�considering� policy� alternatives.� � The� plan� is� not� prescriptive� about� location� of� future� services� or�specific�technologies�to�be�used�therefore�these�types�of�alternatives�have�not�been�addressed.��

������������������������������������������������������������9�Directive�2001/42/EC�On�the�assessment�of�effects�of�certain�plans�and�programmes�on�the�environment,�EC�2001�10�Implementation�of�SEA�directive�(2001/42/EC):�Assessment�of�the�Effects�of�Certain�Plans�and�Programmes�on�the�Environment,�DEHLG�2004�

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At� the� strategic� level,� given� the� statutory� requirement� [under� both� EU� and� national� waste�management�legislation]�for�the�plan�to�be�reviewed�and�updated,�it�is�not�proposed�to�assess�a�do�nothing�scenario�or�business�as�usual�scenarios�as�neither�are�considered�realistic�given�that�there�has�been�a�significant�change�in�the�make�up�of�waste�regions�since�the�last�RWMP�were�published.���

All�WMPs�in�existence�were�evaluated�and�the�evaluations�recommended�preparation�of�new�plans�when�the�reconfiguration�of�the�regions�was�complete.� �It�was�noted�that�the�decision�on�the�new�waste� regions� was� taken� as� part� of� a� higher� level� policy� outlined� in� Government� National� Waste�Policy�document,�A�Resource�Opportunity11�which�ascertains�that�the�time�has�come�for�the�regional�waste� planning� framework� to� be� re�shaped� to� allow� for� greater� resource� efficiencies� in� the�implementation�of�the�plans�and�to�better�reflect�the�movement�of�waste.���The�decision�making�in�relation� to� this� has� been� taken� at� a� national� planning� policy� level� and� the� regional� plans� will� give�effect�to�this�national�policy.��Changing�the�national�policy�is�not�considered�a�reasonable�alternative�for�consideration�within�the�regional�plan�context.��However,�it�is�acknowledged�that�the�implication�of�the�change�in�boundary�areas�was�raised�by�a�number�of�stakeholders�during�consultation�on�the�SEA� Scoping� for� the� RWMP.� � Much� of� the� concern� raised� related� to� the� environmental� impacts�associated� with� transport� and� treatment� of� wastes� from� a� much� larger� geographical� area� which�includes� the� administrative� areas� of� Carlow,� Cork,� Clare,� Kerry,� Kilkenny,� Tipperary� and� Wexford�County�Councils,�Limerick�City�and�County�Council,�Waterford�City�and�County�Council�and�Cork�City�Council.��In�this�regard�it�is�noted�that�the�policy�actions�have�been�assessed�considering�these�new�boundaries.�

7.3 ASSESSMENT�PARAMETERS�

The� approach� used� for� assessing� alternatives� for� the� draft� Southern� RWMP� was� an� objectives�led�assessment.��Each�alternative�has�been�assessed�against�a�set�of�strategic�environmental�assessment�objectives�(See�Chapter�6�for�details�of�the�objectives).��The�assessment�compares�the�likely�impacts�in�terms�of�the�Strategic�Environmental�Objectives�to�see�how�alternatives�perform�in�relation�to�the�stated�environmental�objectives.���

For�the�purposes�of�the�alternatives�assessment:��

� Plus�(+)�indicates�a�potential�positive�environmental�impact;��� Minus�(�)�indicates�a�potential�negative�environmental�impact;�� Plus/minus�(+/�)�indicates�that�both�positive�and�negative�environmental�impacts�are�likely�

or�that�in�the�absence�of�further�detail�the�impact�is�unclear;�and��� Zero�(0)�indicates�neutral�or�no�environmental�impact.�

�The� following� notation� is� used� in� the� assessment� tables:� BFF� (biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna);� PHH�(population� and� human� health);� S� (soils);� W� (water);� AQ� (air� quality);� CF� (climatic� factors);� MA�(material�assets);�CH�(cultural�heritage);�L�(landscape);�and�Soc�(social).�

Under�each�alternative�a�discussion�is�presented�to�support�the�assessment�parameters�shown�and�the� reason� for� choosing� the� preferred� alternative.� � Assessments� include� qualitative� and� where�possible�quantitative�information.�

������������������������������������������������������������11A�Resource�Opportunity.�Waste�Management�Policy�in�Ireland,�DECLG�2012�

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7.4 STRATEGIC�ALTERNATIVES�

Early�discussions�with�the�plan�team�identified�three�issues�of�a�strategic�nature�which�could�drive�the�direction�of�the�plan.��These�issues�and�their�reasonable�alternatives�were�considered�by�the�SEA�team�and�outcomes�fed�back�to�the�plan�team�for�consideration.��The�issues�and�alternatives�were:�

� Retaining�a�linear�economy�model�versus�shifting�towards�a�circular�economy�model;�� Self�sufficiency�versus�reliance�on�exports�for�treatment�of�residual�municipal�type�waste;��� Inclusion�of�mandatory�targets�only�or�inclusion�of�additional�non�mandatory�targets.��

7.4.1 Retaining�a�linear�economy�model�versus�shifting�towards�a�circular�economy�model��

Traditional�industrial�models�of�extraction,�production�and�consumption�follow�a�make�take�dispose�linear�model�where�products�and�goods�having�reached�their�end�of�life�are�discarded�out�as�waste.���For� the� current� approach� to� continue� and� thrive� it� assumes� resources� are� plentiful� and� will�constantly�be�available�at�low�cost�prices�to�meet�demand�(Figure�7�1).��Growing�global�population,�increasing� wealth� and� unsustainable� consumption� have� heightened� the� demand� for� resources�driving� prices� up� and� leading� to� significant� pressure� on� resources� and� on� the� wider� environment.��Ireland�is�one�of�the�highest�consumers�of�materials�per�capita�in�the�EU.��A�recent�report12�funded�by�the�EPA�indicated�that�in�2010�Ireland’s�consumption�was�25.5�tonnes�per�person�compared�to�an�EU�average�of�16.5�tonnes�with�an�annual�expenditure�on�materials�estimated�to�be�between�€40��€50�billion.��

Figure�7�1���Circular�Economy�and�Linear�Economy�Models�

������������������������������������������������������������12�Roadmap�for�a�national�resource�efficiency�plan�for�Ireland,�EPA,�2014�

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[MDR0998Rp0012_F01]� � 99�

The�circular�economy�model�is�not�a�new�concept�and�builds�on�other�similar�industrial�regeneration�models�such�as�cradle�to�cradle�design.��It�fundamentally�considers�waste�as�a�resource�which�can�be�recirculated� into� regenerative�systems�which� focus�on�maintaining,� repairing,� reusing,� refurbishing�and�recycling�materials�and�products.� �Being�resource�efficient�and� in�doing�so,�getting�more�from�less�resources� is�central�to�this�model.�The�European�Commission�has�adopted�a�Circular�Economy�Package�as�it�moves�to�formally�establish�the�circular�economy�blueprint�across�all�Member�States.��This�alternative�recognises�this�shift.�

The�linear�model�alternative�perpetuates�the�make�take�dispose�attitude�to�resources�and�leads�to�a�loss�of�natural�resources�and�impacts�on�water�quality,�air�quality�and�climate�from�manufacturing,�production,� logistical� and� waste� disposal� processes.� � Intensification� of� production� to� meet� higher�consumer�demands�for�“new”�materials�is�also�likely�to�result�in�continuing�pressure�on�biodiversity�through�habitat�and�species� loss�and�degradation�and�also�on�water�and�soil�quality�and�quantity.��Manufacturing�and�production�can�give�rise�to�increased�CO2�emissions�and�other�GHG�impacting�on�climate� change� and� indirectly� on� populations� and� health� through� climate� effects� such� as� sea� level�rise.���

Significant�Impacts:�

� BFF� PHH� S� W� AQ� CF� MA� CH� L� Soc�

Linear� �� �� �� �� �� �� +/�� +/�� +/�� ��

Circular� +� +� +� +� +� +� +/�� +� +� +�

Preferred� Alternative� and� Reasons� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred�alternative�is�shifting�toward�a�circular�economy.�

The� circular� model� alternative� focuses� on� reducing� waste� and� resource� loss� altogether� by� re�manufacturing,� reusing� and� recycling� materials� and� products� such� that� one� person� or� industry's�waste� becomes� another's� raw� material.� � This� approach� requires� a� fundamental� shift� in� how�producers� and� consumers� interact� in� the� supply� chain.� � Manufacturers� for� example� must� produce�items� that:� have� a� longer� life� cycle� which� allows� for� repair� rather� than� disposal� if� broken;� can� be�disassembled� and� refurbished� rather� than� replaced;� contain� materials� which� can� be� recycled� and�recovered� rather� than� outright� disposal� of� all� components.� � For� manufacturers� to� make� this� shift�they�have�to�be�sure�consumers�will�follow.�

This�model�involves�a�mind�and�business�shift�across�all�sectors�if�it�is�to�be�realised�properly;�there�are�examples�of�individual�regenerative�cycles�in�Ireland�but�a�full�scale�shift�to�this�way�of�thinking,�building�and�reclaiming�has�not�yet�occurred.� �Environmentally�a�shift�of� this�nature�would�reduce�the�need�for�virgin�materials�which�would�in�turn�lead�to�reduced�emissions�to�air�and�water.��This�would�have�significant,�positive�long�term�effects�for�air�quality�and�climate�in�particular�and�also�on�water�quality.� � Indirectly� this�would�also�have� positive� impacts� for�biodiversity�and�human�health.���As�the�bulk�of�our�resources�are�imported,�transport�related�emissions�would�also�reduce�with�direct�positive�impacts�for�air�quality�and�climate�and�indirect�impacts�for�human�health�and�biodiversity.��The� move� to� this� model� would� likely� see� an� increase� in� activity� in� the� secondary� material� market�with�indigenous�reuse/refurbishment�activities�developing�with�environmental�and�social�benefits.���

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Examples�of� this�are�already�happening� in� Ireland�at�both�the� individual� level�and�at� industry� level�e.g.�SMILE�Resource�Exchange� is�a�Cork�based�organisation�operated�by�MacroomE�and� is�a�public�body� partnership.� SMILE� stands� for� Saving� Money� through� Industry� Links� &� Exchanges.� It� is� a�network�of�businesses�that�reuse�each�other's�surplus�products,�by�products�and�reusable� items�in�order� to� save� money� and� help� the� environment� by� extending� the� life� of� materials� and� diverting�waste� from�landfill.�The�network� is�created�through�an�online�platform�of� listed� items�e.g.�wanted�items/available� items� and� through� face� to� face� resource� exchange� events.� � These� activities� have�resulting�in�savings�in�relation�to�raw�materials�and�energy�usage�as�well�as�environmental�benefits�from�reduced�emissions�to�water,�air�(e.g.�CO2,�GHG)�etc.��

In�recent�years�a�number�of�carbon�calculator�tools�(Greenhouse�Gas�Protocol,�PAS�2050,�ISO�14067)�have�been�devised�to� identify�the�carbon�footprint�of�products�through�the�full� life�cycle�(i.e.�from�cradle� to� grave).� � The� life� cycle� analysis� considers� the� footprint� of� raw� materials,� transport,�production,�packaging,�waste,�etc.��This�has�enabled�producers�to�identify�the�carbon�footprint�from�virgin�materials�(i.e.�the�linear�economy�model)�and�from�recycled�materials�(i.e.�the�circular�model�economy)�to�allow�for�inter�comparison�of�the�relative�footprint�of�each�model.���

As�an�example,� recycling�aluminium�(circular�model)� saves�95%�of� the�energy�required�to�produce�aluminium� from� raw� materials� (linear� model)� (source:� Repak).� � The� comparison� for� other� waste�streams�would�vary�but�typically�the�recycled�material�has�a�lower�footprint�than�the�virgin�material.��This�is�true�not�only�of�greenhouse�gases�but�also�in�relation�to�other�air�emissions�such�as�acidifying�gases.��As�such,�emissions�from�the�circular�economy�model�are�typically�lower�than�those�from�the�linear�economy�model�illustrating�that�from�an�air�quality�and�climate�sustainability�perspective�the�circular�model�is�the�preferred�alternative.�

7.4.2 Self�sufficiency�versus�Reliance�on�Exports�for�Treatment�of�Residual�Municipal�Type�Waste�

Presently� much� of� Ireland’s� residual� municipal� wastes� are� dealt� with� through� a� combination� of�landfill,� thermal� recovery� in� the� form� of� waste�to�energy,� co�incineration� and� exports� (to� thermal�facilities�overseas).��Ireland�is�currently�expected�to�meet�its�2016�landfill�diversion�targets�ahead�of�schedule.� �The� landfill� levy� is�moving�waste�away�from�landfill� to� indigenous�and�overseas�thermal�recovery�facilities.�Since�2000,�increasing�volumes�of�waste�are�being�sent�to�overseas�facilities.��The�rate� of� export� of� RDF/SRF� continues� to� gather� momentum� and� is� increasing� annually� with� over�300,000� tonnes� of� residual� type� waste� exported� in� 2013.� � Low� cost� gate� fees� are� currently� being�offered�by�European�recovery�plants�and�operators� in�the�Irish�market�have�responded�by�sending�Irish� waste� to� these� facilities� for� treatment.� � However� should� this� scenario� change� and� gate� fees�increase�as�available�capacity�falls,�the�export�solution�will�become�more�costly�and�less�reliable�and�ultimately�place�operators�in�a�more�vulnerable�position.���

Ireland�currently�has�inadequate�active�thermal�recovery�treatment�capacity�to�recover�its�residual�municipal�waste.� �There� is� currently�435,000� tonnes�of�active� thermal� recovery�capacity� in� Ireland�(including�cement�plants�which�co�incinerate�waste�as�an�alternative�fuel)�with�an�additional�727,875�tonnes� nationally� of� pending� authorised� capacity� (considering� only� facilities� with� both� planning�permission� and� an� EPA� licence).� � With� treatment� capacity� increasing� in� Ireland� it� is� expected� the�volume� of� material� exported� will� decrease.� � � The� future� scale� of� activity� in� the� export� market� will�depend�on�the�quantity�of�residual�waste�being�generated�in�the�State,�the�continued�availability�of�landfill�and�the�price�of�treatment�in�Irish�facilities�compared�with�exporting�the�material�overseas.���The�gate�fee�price�for� treating�waste�will�be�the�critical� factor� in�whether�wastes�are�dealt�with� in�Ireland�or�continue�to�be�exported�if�cheaper�options�exist�in�Europe.���

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For� residual� municipal� wastes� the� aim� of� government� policy� is� to� develop� indigenous� recovery�infrastructure� to� replace� landfill� and� for� the� State� to� become� self�sufficient.� � This� outcome� will�provide� security� going� forward� for� government� and� industry� in� relation� to� managing� our� residual�waste�without�unsustainable�reliance�on�outside�markets.�

Significant�Impacts:�

� BFF� PHH� S� W� AQ� CF� MA� CH� L� Soc�

Self�sufficiency� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/�� +/��

Export� +/�� 0� 0� +/�� +/�� +/�� �� 0� 0� 0�

Preferred� Alternative� and� Reasons� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred�alternative�is�self�sufficiency�for�municipal�type�residual�waste.�

One�of�the�biggest�issues�associated�with�export�versus�self�sufficiency�relates�to�where�impacts�and�benefits�are�actually� felt.� �By�exporting�waste�we�export�many�of� the�associated� impacts� including�emissions�to�air�and�water,�transport�emissions�etc.���

In� terms� of� air� quality� and� greenhouse� gases,� the� principle� impact� relating� to� this� strategic� policy�relates�to�transport�emissions�including�both�road�and�shipping�emissions.��The�extent�of�the�impact�is� largely� dependent� on� the� distance� travelled� and� to� a� lesser� extent� the� mode� of� transport.� � The�average�GHG�emissions�per�tonne�of�cargo�for�road�and�shipping�freight�as�devised�by�Department�for�the�Environment,�Food�and�Rural�Affairs,�UK�(Defra)�are�listed�below:�

� Average�HGV� � � � 0.14993�kg�CO2e�per�tonne.km�� Average�container�ship��� � 0.01906�kg�CO2e�per�tonne.km�

�The� figures� indicate� that� transporting�waste�by�ship�generates� less�GHG�per�km�than� transport�by�road� as� shipping� is� more� efficient� in� transporting� waste.� � However� the� distance� travelled� is� also� a�critical�element�to�consider.���

In� 2013� over� 300,000� of� residual� municipal� waste� was� exported� from� the� State� accounting� for�approximately� 20%� of� the� residual� waste� market.� � Most� of� this� waste� (97%)� was� exported� to� the�Netherlands�(47%),�Germany�(28%),�Sweden�(13%)�and�Denmark�(9%).���

For� illustration,�two�scenarios�are�presented� in�the�table���a�self�sufficiency�target�scenario�and�an�export�scenario�to� illustrate�the�scale� in�transport�related�GHG�emissions�from�the�two�options.� � It�can�be�assumed�that�the�disposal/recovery�emissions�are�largely�similar�for�both�scenarios�so�these�are�not�included�in�the�analysis.�

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Scenario� Description�Transport�GHG�Emissions�

(kg�CO2e�per�tonne)�

Self�Sufficiency� Transport�of�waste�from�a�WTS�in�the�Southern�Region�100km�to�a�recovery/disposal�site�within�the�Region�

14.99�

Export� Transport�of�waste�from�a�WTS�in�the�Southern�Region�100km�to�the�Port�of�Cork�and�via�ship�to�the�Port�of�Rotterdam�(1057km)�and�to�a�recovery/disposal�site�within�100km�of�the�port.�

50.13�

In� the� sample� scenario,� GHG� transport� emissions� per� tonne� of� waste� for� exporting� the� waste� are�approximately� 3.3� times� greater� than� the� self�sufficiency� option.� � The� relative� differences� would�change� for� other� European� ports� which� would� be� at� greater� distances� from� the� Port� of� Cork.��Furthermore,� any� exports� outside� of� the� EU� would� generate� even� higher� GHG� emissions� from�transport.��

It� is� also� important� to� note� that� the� self�sufficiency� option� will� have� localised� air� quality� impacts�within�the�region�in�particular�the�immediate�areas�around�the�waste�facilities.��These�may�be�both�nuisance� impacts� such� as� dust� and� odour� as� well� as� health� based� impacts� such� as� emissions� of�combustion� gases� and� fine� particulates.� � These� localised� effects� are� addressed� through� the� waste�licensing/permitting�regime�and�regulated�by�the�EPA�and�local�authorities.��While�these�impacts�are�important�on�a�local�level,�the�regional�impact�of�the�transport�element�is�the�principle�driver�in�this�assessment.�

Transport�related�emissions�also�have�the�potential�for�negative�impacts�on�the�aquatic�environment�(both�freshwater�and�marine�environments),�on�biodiversity,� flora�and�fauna�from�deterioration� in�air� and� water� quality,� from� disturbance� of� habitats� and� collisions� with� marine� mammals.� � The�contribution� of� transport� to� GHG� emissions� also� has� consequences� for� climate� change� and� in�particular�flooding�which�in�turn�has�negative�impacts�for�population,�human�health,�biodiversity�and�material�assets.�

Inadequate� indigenous� solutions� for� residual� wastes� has� the� potential� for� negative� effects� for�material�assets�such�as�jobs�and�economic�benefits�associated�with�the�infrastructure�and�treatment�of� the� wastes.� � The� value� of� residual� waste� exports� is� a� loss� to� Ireland� in� terms� of� the� revenue�generated� from� gate� fees� and� more� importantly� the� energy,� in� the� form� of� electricity� and� heat,�produced�and�sold�by�European�recovery�facilities�to�end�users.����

The� lack� of� an� adequate� indigenous� treatment� market� will� result� in� a� continued� reliance� on� the�export�market�and�long�–term�market�uncertainty�will�remain.��Market�operators�and�the�State�will�be� vulnerable� to� potential� market� shocks� and� increasing� treatment� prices.� It� is� likely� the� levels� of�available�treatment�capacity�overseas�will�decline�over�the�plan�period,�with�some�plants�expected�to� close.� � Foreign� direct� investment� may� be� lost� and� the� economic� and� job� creation� gains� from�treating�residual�waste�in�Ireland�will�continue�to�be�exported�overseas.������

The�self�sufficiency�alternative�has,� itself,�potential� for�negative�effects�which�would�be�felt�within�Ireland�as�new�facilities�would�need�to�be�built� resulting� in� land�use�changes,�emissions�to�air�and�water� (albeit� controlled),� disturbance� of� biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna� and� populations� to� facilitate�new�builds�etc.��Any�facility�located�within�Ireland�will�have�the�potential�for�some�emissions�locally�

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compared�to�the�scenario�where�waste�is�exported�(see�example�above�for�comparison).�However,�these� impacts� should� not� be� significant� as� they� will� be� controlled� by� the� waste� and� IPC� licensing�system.� Any� emissions� would� be� within� licensed� emission� levels� that� are� based� on� standards�intended� to�protect�human�health�and�the�environment.�Any� facility�with� the�potential� for�energy�recovery�will�have�environmental�benefits�by�offsetting� the�use�of�other� fossil� fuels,�which�may� in�some�cases�be�regarded�as�renewable�energy.�

However,� this� alternative� offers� the� greater� potential� to� develop� a� more� sustainable� and� stable�strategy� for� the� long�term�management�of� residual�wastes.�The�value�of� residual�waste,�economic�and�environmental,�would�be�realised�to�the�benefit�of�Ireland�and�its�citizens�and�businesses.��New�indigenous� infrastructure� for� residual� waste� would� be� viewed� as� part� of� the� wider� strategy� for�managing�wastes�consistent�with�the�waste�treatment�hierarchy.�

Mitigation:� To�address� the�possibility� that�wastes�would�continue� to�be�exported�despite�capacity�coming� on�stream� in� Ireland,� a� strong� commitment� to� self�sufficiency� and� the� proximity� principle�would�need�to�be�factored�into�the�strategic�approach.�

7.4.3 Inclusion�of�Mandatory�Targets�Only�or�Inclusion�of�Additional�Non�mandatory�Targets�

During� the� lifetime� of� the� plan� the� deadline� for� achieving� several� mandatory� targets� will� apply� to�Ireland.��The�policies�and�actions�within�the�plan�have�been�developed�to�contribute�and�support�the�achievement� of� these� targets.� � Consideration� was� also� given� to� including� three� additional� non�mandatory�performance�targets�to�provide�impetus�to�the�plan.��The�performance�targets�relate�to�1)�prevention;�2)�preparing�for�re�use�and�recycling;�and�3)�direct�disposal�to�landfill.�

There� is� currently� no� formal� waste� prevention� target� in� the� EU� or� Ireland.� However� there� is� a�national�waste�prevention�programme�and�a�number�of�progressive�national�initiatives�being�funded�and� implemented� under� the� programme� which� are� achieving� positive� environmental� and� financial�results.� � The� plan� proposes� a� non�mandatory� target� to� reduce� household� waste� by� 1%� per� capita�each�year.� �The� introduction�of�a�prevention�target�would�bring�a�new�focus� local�authorities� (and�other� stakeholders� such� as� the� EPA)� to� bring� about� the� required� behavioural� change� from�householders� to� reduce� the� quantity� of� waste� being� generated.� � The� target� would� provide� an�indicator�to�assess�the�effectiveness�of�prevention�programmes�at�the�household�level.���

The�Waste�Framework�Directive�includes�a�target�for�preparation�for�re�use�and�recycling�of�50%�of�waste�materials�such�as�paper,�metal,�plastic,�and�glass�from�households�and�possible�other�origins�to�a�minimum�of�50%�by�weight�by�2020.The�inclusion�of�a�non�mandatory�target�for�the�preparing�for� reuse� and� recycling� of� 50%� of� municipal� waste,� which� is� primarily� made� up� of� waste� from�households� and� business,� is� more� ambitions� than� the� European� target� as� it� includes� for� other�recyclable�streams�such�as�biowaste.��This�will�help�to�progress�the�current�rate�of�recycling�through�more�widespread�penetration�of�the�segregated�kerbside�collection�scheme�to�a�3�bin�system.��There�is�potential�to�capture�significantly�more�food�waste�through�the�separated�collection�system�which�will�push�recycling�rates�upwards.��It�may�also�encourage�the�preparation�for�reuse�and�recycling�of�recyclables�that�may�not�currently�be�extracted�as�a�recycling�stream.�This�will�allow�local�authorities�to�benchmark�materials�and�establish�which�materials�need�greater�attention�in�terms�of�recycling.�

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There� is� policy� ambition� in� Europe� to� eliminate� direct� disposal� of� unprocessed� residual� municipal�waste� to� landfill13.� � The� RWMP� has� addressed� the� spirit� of� this� ambition� in� as� far� as� possible� by�moving� toward� the� elimination� of� direct� disposal� of� unprocessed� residual� waste� to� landfill� and� by�encouraging� and� supporting� opportunities� for� materials� to� stay� in� circulation� longer� though� a�combination� of� recycling� and� recovery.� The� elimination� of� direct� disposal� of� unprocessed� residual�municipal�waste�to�landfill�is�being�included�as�a�target�in�the�RWMP�to�push�residual�waste�towards�higher� forms� of� treatment� so� greater� value,� in� terms� of� the� capture� of� energy� and� material�resources,� can� be� extracted� from� the� waste.� This� activity� is� also� likely� to� be� carried� out� in� Ireland�which�will�bring�greater�benefits�on�a�local�and�national�basis.�

The�European�Commission�has�also�recently�published�a�number�of�plans�and�proposals�in�Towards�a�Circular�Economy:�A�Zero�Waste�Programme�for�Europe�(2014).�This�includes�a�proposal�to�increase�the� preparing� for� reuse� and� recycling� rate� to� 60�� 70%� by� 2030,� the� reuse� and� recycling� rate� of�packaging� waste� to� 80%� by� 2030and� a� ban� on� the� landfill� of� recyclables� such� as� biodegradable�material,�glass,�metals,�paper�and�plastic�by�2025�with�a�view�to�near�elimination�of�landfill�by�2030.�It�is�considered�that�the�non�mandatory�targets�will�complement�the�proposed�European�targets�and�plans�and�will�put�Ireland�on�the�path�to�achieving�higher�recovery�rates�if�these�come�into�force.�

Significant�Impacts:�

� BFF� PHH� S� W� AQ� CF� MA� CH� L� Soc�

Mandatory�targets�only� +� +� +� +� +� +� +� +� +� +/��

Additional�Non�mandatory�targets�

+� +� +� +� +� +� +� +� +� +�

Preferred� Alternative� and� Reasons� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred�alternative�is�additional�non�mandatory�targets.�

In�overall�terms�mandatory�and�non�mandatory�targets�will�bring�positive�environmental,�economic�and�social�benefits.���

The� inclusion� of� the� non�mandatory� targets� will� help� to� stimulate� prevention� reuse� and� recycling�activities� at� the� household� and� municipal� levels� which� will� in� turn� lead� to� job� creation� and�employment.� �Employment� in�the�reuse�area�often�has�a�community�and�social�aspect,�creating� in�many� instances� employment� for� long�term� unemployed� and� vulnerable� members� of� society.� The�extension� of� product� life� through� re�use� and� the� use� of� recyclate� in� products� coinciding� with�increased��diversion�of�materials�from�disposal�routes�has�benefits�on�raw�materials,�air�emissions,�water,� and� energy� which� have� indirect� positive� effects� on� biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna,� human�health,�soils�and�climate.�

The� additional� non�mandatory� targets� alternative� will� build� on� the� mandatory� targets� alternative�outlined� above.� Prevention� and� reuse� which� sit� higher� on� the� waste� hierarchy� and� will� bring� net�positive�effects�by�reducing�waste�generation.�Greater�recycling�and�preparing�for�re�use�targets�will�

������������������������������������������������������������13Roadmap�to�a�Resource�Efficient�Europe.�EC,�2011�

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extend�product�life,�expand�the�collection�and�use�of�recyclate�and�create�potential�opportunities�for�processing�and�reprocessing�of�new�types�of�recyclables�extracted�from�the�waste�stream.� �Higher�order� treatment� and� pre�treatment� of� waste� over� direct� disposal� to� landfill� will� lead� to� better�management� cycles� for� wastes.� � The� non�mandatory� targets� will� have� direct� benefits� on� raw�materials,�air�emissions,�water,�and�energy�which�have�indirect�positive�effects�on�BFF,�HH,�S�and�CF.�They�will�also�have�positive�direct� impacts�on�the�economy,�employment�and�society�but�may�also�have�indirect�impacts�at�construction�and�/�or�operational�stages.�

Thus� use� of� either� alternative� will� lead� to� a� net� decrease� in� waste� generation� and� consequently�indirect� positive� impacts� for� AQ� and� CF� in� particular� through� reduced� emissions� of� GHG� and� air�pollutants�from�the�transport,�treatment�and�disposal�of�waste�material.� � Indirect�positive� impacts�for� soils,� water,� BFF� and� PHH� would� also� be� anticipated.� � In� this� regard� both� options� represent� a�positive�impact.�

7.5 STRATEGIC�OBJECTIVES�AND�POLICY�ALTERNATIVES�

Following�on�from�consideration�of�the�strategic�alternatives,�the�Plan�and�SEA�team�has�considered�the� alternatives� to� the� strategic� objectives� and� policies� set� out� in� the� draft� RWMP.� � The� strategic�areas�as�set�out�in�the�draft�RWMP�are:��

� Policy�and�legislation;�� Prevention;��� Resource�efficiency�and�Circular�Economy;�� Coordination;�� Infrastructure;�� Enforcement�and�Regulation;�� Protection;�and��� Other�waste�streams.�

�At� the� policy� level,� the� alternatives� allow� for� consideration� of� more� detailed� issues� and� how� they�might�influence�the�subsequent�policy�actions�of�the�draft�RWMP.��The�following�sections�highlight�the�main�alternatives�considered�at�this�policy�level�and�any�significant�environmental�implications.�

7.5.1 Policy�and�Legislation�

Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion

Policy�and�Legislation�Alt_1�

Compliance� with� policy� and�legislative�requirements��

It� is�not�considered�that�an�alternative�exists�under�Policy�and�Legislation.��If�Ireland�fails�to�meet�mandatory�targets�laid�down�in�EU�waste�policy�it�is�possible�that�fines�will�be�imposed� on� Ireland.� � This� could� have� significant� negative�impacts� for� material� assets� if� much� needed� funding� in�waste� and� other� environmentally� related� sectors� is�diverted�to�offset�these�fines.���

Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� compliance� with� policy� and�legislative�requirements�Policy�and�Legislation�Alt_1.���

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Reason�for�Choosing�the�Preferred�Alternative:�It�is�considered�that�no�reasonable�alternative�exists�in�terms�of�compliance�with�existing�legislation�and�policy.�

7.5.2 Prevention�

Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion

Prevention��Alt_1�

Funding�of�prevention�activities�by�local�authorities�and�the�EPA�continues� and� the� allocation� of�prevention� funds� are� itemised�each� year� (as� per� policy� action�B.1.3)��

Policies� that� achieve� improved� prevention� and�minimisation� of� waste� will� result� in� less� waste� to� be�transported,�treated�or�disposed,�with�consequent�positive�impacts� on� the� environment� generally.� Priority� is� being�given�to�the�top�of�the�hierarchy�which�has�the�potential�to�deliver� the� highest� environmental� outcomes.� � Less�resource� consumption� if� materials� can� be� re�used� would�have� indirect� positive� impacts� on� climate� change� as� less�energy� will� be� required� and� lower� CO2� outputs� would�result�from�such�changes.��Similarly�less�waste�would�result�in� reduced� transport� needs� and� consequently� lower�emissions�of�pollutants�to�air.���The�success�of�prevention�measures� is�driven�by�policy� in�the� first� instance� but� experience� has� shown� that� a�coordinated� complementary� bottom� up� approach�focussing� on� changing� behaviours� at� the� individual� /�business� level� can� have� far� reaching� effects.� � This� is�dependent� however� on� dedicated� local� authority�resources� (staff� and� funding)� being� channelled� into�changing�attitudes�and�behaviours�from�the�ground�up.���It� is�difficult�to�quantify�the�collective�impact�that�existing�prevention� programmes/actions� are� having� on� the�generation�of�waste�particularly� in�recessionary�times�but�it� is� likely� that� they� are� significantly� contributing� to�behavioural� changes� at� the� individual,� community� and�business� level.� This� is� confirmed� in� the� NWPP� Annual�Report� 2012� which� reports� that� prevention� has� been�shown�to�reduce�costs�and�improve�competitiveness�while�encouraging�innovation�and�the�adoption�of�cleaner�processes�and�products.�����

Prevention��Alt_2�

Funding� of� prevention�initiatives� continues� to� be�reduced�by�local�authorities�and�government.�

The� alternative� scenario� is� that� prevention� programmes�and� initiatives� continue� to� be� cut� and� the� momentum�which� they� have� built� up,� including� the� changes� in�behaviour,� resource� efficiency� and� resulting� savings� are�eroded.��The�lasting�impact�as�a�consequence�is�that�waste�prevention�fails�to�impact�significantly�or�to�any�degree�on�waste� generation� quantities� over� the� Plan� period� and�there�is�a�failure�to�decouple�waste�arisings�and�economic�growth.���The�continued�reduction�of�state�funding�to�the�prevention�programme�and�to�the�role�of�prevention�at�the�local�level�will� dilute� the� ability� to� bring� about� the� behavioural�change�required�to�realise�lasting�savings.���The� potential� impact� of� prevention� related� activities� is�likely� to� decline� and� with� it� the� environmental� benefits�associated�with�prevention.��With�less�money�being�made�available� for� prevention� a� decline� in� waste� arisings,� from�

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Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussionprevention�measures,�would�not�be�expected.�This� will� have� negative� impacts� for� the� environment�generally� as� more� resources�are� required� to� manufacture�goods� with� associated� emissions� to� air,� water� and� soils,�transport� is� required� to� bring� wastes� for� disposal� or�treatment� with� corresponding� impacts� to� air;� and� more�treatment�and�disposal�capacity�is�required�(indigenous�or�through�export)� resulting� in�potential�negative� impacts� to�biodiversity,� water,� landscape,� cultural� heritage� etc.� as� a�result�of�additional�infrastructure�capacity.�

Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� that� funding� of� prevention�activities�by�local�authorities�continues�and�the�allocation�of�prevention�funds�are�itemised�each�year�Prevention�Alt_1.���

Reason� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� As� priority� is� being� given� to� the� top� tiers� of� the�waste�hierarchy�in�the�draft�RWMP,�there�is�high�potential�to�decrease�waste�generation,�subject�to�successful�implementation�which�would�have�positive�impacts�for�all�environmental�receptors.��

7.5.3 Resource�Efficiency�&�Circular�Economy�

Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

����������Prep�for�Reuse�Alt_1�

Enterprises� whose� activities� sit�on�the�Preparing�for�Re�use�tier�are� authorised� by� local�authorities� in� a� manner�reflecting� the� nature� of� their�activity.��

Preparing�for�Reuse is�a�new�definition� introduced�by�the�Waste� Framework� Directive.� � It� embraces� the� idea� of� a�circular� economy� and� promotes� indigenous,� community�and�social�enterprise.�However,�it�currently�is�not�reflected�appropriately� in� the� local� authority� authorisation� system.�Many�such�ventures�may�be�operating�(from�a�position�of�inexperience)� without� authorisation� or� may� be� unclear�over� the� legislative� framework� governing� such� activities.��The�concept�of�Preparing�for�Re�use�is�a�positive�one�with�positive� impacts� for� the� environment,� particularly� in�relation� to� reduced� resource� consumption� and� waste�prevention.� �These�two�aspects�alone�can�have�significant�positive� effects� for� the� environment� generally� with� less�natural� resource� usage� and� less� potential� for� pollution� to�air,� water� and� soils.� � However� there� is� a� need� for�appropriate�regulation.�However,� the� manner� in� which� these� initiatives� operate�has� the� potential� for� negative� impacts.� Two� potential�avenues� for�the�source�materials�are� (i)�provided�through�civic�amenity�sites�where�the�material�has�been�discarded�but�the�potential�for�re�use�is�recognised�and�the�materials�are�put�aside;�and�(ii)�individuals�and�businesses�providing�the�material�as�a�waste.��For�parts�that�can�be�fully�re�used�there� are� positive� impacts� as� discussed� above� but� there�are�also�potential�legal�and�liability�issues�which�may�need�to�be�addressed�e.g.�repair�of�electrical�equipment.��There�is� therefore� potential� for� negative� impacts� in� terms� of�human� health� and� safety� if� a� regulatory� structure� is� not�

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put�in�place.In� addition,� parts� /� materials� not� required� for� re�use� e.g.�parts�from�several�bicycles�used�to�fit�out�another�bicycles,�may�ultimately�become�or�return�to�waste�and�need�to�be�discarded� appropriately.� � Inappropriate� disposal� has� the�same�potential�for�negative�impacts�as�any�illegal�dumping�of� waste� material� with� risk� to� soils,� surface� water� and�groundwater�in�particular.�As� a� minimum,� registration�of� these� activities� and� a� code�of� practice� is� required� to� ensure� that� clarity� is� given� with�regard� to� the� legislation� in� this� area� and� operators� are�given� the� tools� necessary� to� operate� in� a� safe� and�sustainable�manner.�

�Prep�for��Re�use�Alt_2�

Preparing� for� Re�use� facilities�are� required� to� apply� and�comply� with� a� waste�authorisation� and� its�conditions.�

The� most� obvious� alternative� here� is� that� these� facilities�are� required� to� apply� and� comply� fully� with� a� waste�authorisation�(certificate�of�registration/waste�permit)�and�its� conditions� issued� under� the� current� regulations.��Regulation�of�the�activities�would�facilitate�tighter�controls�and�monitoring�of�the�lifecycle�of�the�materials�within�that�system� with� potential� positive� impacts� for� air,� water,� soil�and�possibly�human�health�as�a�result.�However,� it� is� likely� that� such� a� permitting� system� would�have� consequences� for� certain� enterprises� which� may� be�forced�to�cease�operating�and�this�outcome�could� lead�to�businesses� which� are� active� on� this� treatment� tier� no�longer� being� able� to� operate� viably.� These� wastes� may�ultimately�receive�lower�tier�treatment�as�a�consequence.��The� consequences� of� this� would� be� negative� for� the�environment�as�more�resources�are�required,�more�waste�is�generated�and�more�treatment�and�disposal�capacity� is�required� leading� to� potential� negative� impacts� to� the�environment�generally.�

Preferred�Alternative:��The�preferred�alternative�in�this�instance�is�that�enterprises�whose�activities�sit� on� the� Preparing� for� Re�use� tier� are� authorised� by� local� authorities� in� a�manner� reflecting� the�nature�of�their�activity�Prep�for�Re�use�Alt_1.�

Reason�for�Choosing�the�Preferred�Alternative:�While�regulation�of� these�activities�would�provide�positive� impacts� for� the� receiving� environment,� it� is� recognised� that� many� of� these� cottage�style�industries�that�have�developed�in�this�sphere�may�be�forced�to�cease�operating�or�dissuaded�from�setting�up� in� the� first�place�under� the�current� regulatory� system.� �The�positive� impacts�associated�with�activities�which�are�more�resource�efficient�would�be�lost�and�materials�would�be�returned�to�the� waste� system� for� lower� tier� treatment.� � However,� the� liabilities� to� human� health� and� the�environment�cannot�be�overlooked�and�as�such�it�is�recommended�that�Alt_1�be�amended�to�ensure�that� a� Code� of� Practice� be� prepared,� the� details� of� which� are� outlined� under� the� below,� required�mitigation�section.�

Required�Mitigation:�A�Code�of�Practice�shall�be�prepared�for�the�Preparation�for�Re�use�sector�and�this� will� be� rolled� out� alongside� an� education� and� awareness� campaign� at� the� local� level� to� assist�operators�in�delivering�a�positive�sustainable�service�overall.�Registration�of�activities�should�also�be�considered.�

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7.5.4 Coordination�

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Coordination�Alt_1�

The� Regional� Waste� Office� leads� the�co�ordination� of� activities� by� local�authorities�in�the�region�to�implement�the�policy�actions�in�the�Plan.��

This�approach�is�considered�generally�positive.��The�lead� authority� in� each� region� will� co�ordinate�specific� activities� on� a� regional� level� including;�awareness/prevention,� regulation� and�infrastructure� management.� � The� benefits� of� this�approach� are� better� use� of� resources� and� more�effective�delivery�of�an�overall�strategy.�

Coordination�Alt_2�

One� or� more� Local� authorities� in� the�region� continue� to� work� unilaterally�implementing� local� level� activities�without�a�regional�focus.��

This�approach�assumes�that�there� is�not�full�buy�in�from� all� regional� local� authorities� and� that� one� or�more� may� decide� to� opt� out� of� the� regional�implementation�approach.��It�is�anticipated�that�this�would� give� rise� to� negative� impacts� as� an�uncoordinated�approach� is� likely�to�poor�return�on�investment� of� resources� which� would� be� better�directed� at� prevention.� � The� cumulative� benefits�(for� the� environment)� from� a� regional� approach�would�not�materialise�or�may�be�diluted.�

Preferred� Alternative:� � The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� leadership� from� the� regional�waste�office�Coordination�Alt_1.�

Reason� for�Choosing� the�Preferred�Alternative:�A� coordinated�approach� to� waste�management� is�essential� to� ensure� a� consistent� message� on� the� benefits� of� prevention� as� the� pinnacle� of� the�hierarchy�and�also�to�ensure�effective�regulation�and�enforcement�of�waste�management�activities.��A�coordinated�approach�also�provides�the�opportunity�to�coordinate�the�use�of�scarce�funding�in�the�most�effective�and�targeted�manner�resulting�in�a�greater�return�on�this�important�investment.���

7.5.5 Infrastructure�(Collection)�

Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Collection�and�Recycling�Alt_1�

Continued� development� of�collection�and�recycling�systems�including� continued� rollout� of�the� brown� bin� collection�scheme� to� households� and�businesses.�

Collection� and� recycling� systems� are� well� established� in�Ireland� and� the� expectation� is� that� these�will� continue� to�develop�slowly�over�the�Plan�period.��The�continued�rollout�of� the� brown� bin� collection� scheme� to� households� and�businesses� will� be� a� positive� in� terms� of� diverting� waste�from� landfill� and� increasing� the� rate� of� composting.� � This�will� have� knock�on� positive� impacts� on� the� environment,�particularly� in� relation� to� reducing� emissions� to� air,� soil,�surface�and�groundwaters.�The�rollout�of�the�brown�bin�for�food�waste�is�one�part�of�the� step� to� moving� waste� into� a� more� sustainable� tier� of�the� hierarchy.� The� prevention� and� capture� of� organic�material� needs� to� be� improved.� � The� complementary�action� is� informing� users� of� the� benefits� of� this� action� to�them� (charging� for� the� brown� bin� should� always� be�cheaper)� and� the� environment.� � The� failure� to� deliver�awareness�campaigns�to�support�the�rollout�of�brown�bins�

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Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�and�increase�the�capture�of�material�will�lead�to�less�waste�being�picked�up�in�the�bins�and�being�recycled.���The�collection�of�quality�dry�recyclables�waste�for�recycling�has� suffered� in� recent� years� with� contamination� rates�increasing.� However,� this� is� to� be� addressed� in� the�forthcoming� Household� Waste� Management� Regulations.�This� is� likely� to� result� in� increased� rates� of� recycling� over�the�Plan�period.� �The�2012�data�shows�that�recycling� is�at�40%�for�municipal�waste.��With�the�implementation�of�this�alternative,�the�aim�would�be�to�reach�about�50%�recycling�of�municipal�waste.���

Collection�and�Recycling�Alt_2�

Collection� system� not�developed� to� the� level�anticipated,� e.g.� the� rollout� of�the�brown�bin�is�not�achieved.�

The� alternative� is� that� collection� systems� are� not�developed�appropriately�e.g.�the�rollout�of�the�brown�bin�is� not� achieved.� The� consequence� of� this� is� that�recycling/recovery�rates�will�not�be�improved�to�the�fullest�extent.� � This� simply� means� that� Ireland� is� failing� to� treat�waste� in� the� more� environmentally� preferred� tiers� of�recycling�and�recovery�and�as�a�result�a�certain�amount�of�tonnage� is� being� treated� at� a� lower� waste� tier� (disposal).��As� the� environmental� benefits� of� recycling� and� recovery,�from� a� life� cycle� perspective� is� significantly� greater� than�those�of�lesser�tiers�this�would�be�a�poor�outcome�for�the�environment�generally.�The�collection�of�quality�dry�recyclables�waste�for�recycling�is�likely�to�continue�to�suffer�although�it�is�to�be�addressed�in� the� forthcoming� Household� Waste� Management�Regulations.��

Preferred�Alternative:�The�preferred�alternative�in�this�instance�is�Collection�and�Recycling�Alt_1.�

Reason�for�Choosing�the�Preferred�Alternative:�Alt_1�would�see�the�greatest�potential�for�increasing�both�the�quantity�and�quality�of�recyclable�materials�and�diverting�material�from�the�residual�bin�and�lower�waste�tiers�such�as�disposal.��It�is�acknowledged�that�this�alternative�may�require�provision�of�additional� recovery/recycling� processing� facilities� which� could� have� negative� impacts� on� the�environment�if�sited�inappropriately�and�as�such�guidance�on�appropriate�siting�is�required.�

Required� Mitigation:� An� awareness� campaign� to� support� the� rollout� of� brown� bins� is� required.��Ongoing�review�of�the�feasibility�for�indigenous�paper,�glass�and�metal�recycling�capacity�is�required�as�part�of�the�overall�strategy�for�self�sufficiency�to�determine�if�volumes�of�waste�could�reasonably�support�smaller�regional�facilities�rather�than�sending�them�for�export.�

7.5.6 Infrastructure�(Thermal�Recovery)�

A�number�of�submissions�on�the�SEA�scoping�document�noted�that�the�focus�of�alternatives�under�the�Other�Recovery�heading�were�too�focussed�on�WtE�and�did�not�give�enough�recognition�to�other�forms�of�recovery.��It�is�clarified�here�that�the�reference�to�WtE�was�intended�as�an�example�of�the�tier� of� the� hierarchy� that� was� to� be� promoted� rather� than� a� stipulation� on� a� technology.� � It� is�

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acknowledged� that� thermal� recovery� can� cover� incineration� (waste� to� energy),� co�incineration�(cement�kilns),�pyrolysis,�gasification�and�others�technologies.� �Neither� the�Plan�nor�SEA�stipulates�specific�technologies�to�be�used�but�rather�focusses�on�the�tier�of�the�hierarchy�to�be�achieved.��In�recognition� of� the� comments� received,� new� alternatives� have� been� considered� by� the� SEA� which�looks�at�provision�of�additional�capacity�with�reference�to�the�waste�hierarchy.�

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Other�Recovery�Alt_1�

Existing�active�recovery�capacity�in� Ireland� remains� active� but�other� pending� capacity� does�not�come�on�stream�during�the�period� and� no� other� new�capacity�is�developed.��

Currently� there� is� an� existing� authorised� active� recovery�capacity�of�approximately�220,000�tonnes�from�one�waste�to� energy� facility� and� a� further� 215,000� tonnes� of� active�capacity� from� two� cement� kilns,� with� a� third� cement� kiln�running�pilot�in�2014.��The�total�active�authorised�capacity�nationally� is� therefore� 435,000� tonnes.� � There� are� other�thermal� recovery� facilities� which� are� authorised� (have�planning�and�a�license)�in�the�Eastern�Midlands�Region�but�this� capacity� (amounting� to�over� 727,000� tonnes)� has�yet�to�come�on�stream.� � In� the� absence�of�adequate� thermal�recovery� capacity,� Ireland� is� exporting� residual� municipal�type�waste�to�recovery�facilities�overseas�for�treatment.��In�2013�over�300,000�tonnes�of�residual�municipal�waste�was�exported�accounting�for�approximately�20%�of�the�residual�waste�market� in� Ireland.� �Negative� impacts�related�to�the�export� of� material� for� recovery� elsewhere� relates�principally�to�transport�related�emissions�to�air�and�water�from� road� and� shipping� freight� to� recovery� facilities�elsewhere� in�Europe�and�also� loss�of�potential� for�energy�recovery�in�Ireland.�Of� the� 300,000� tonnes� of� residual� waste� exported� out� of�Ireland� for� recovery,� it� can� be� estimated� that� 189,000�MWh� was� lost� from� the� state� (based� on� the� net� usable�energy�calculated�for�the�one�operational�waste�to�energy�facility� in� 2013).� � This� is� energy� that� could� have� been�harnessed� in� Ireland� to� offset� circa� 38,745� tonnes� GHG�emissions� from� energy� production� within� the� state� from�conventional�natural�gas�combustion.�It� is� likely� that� with� this� alternative,� exports� will� increase�over� the� plan� period� and� the� move� away� from� landfill�would�be�delayed.�With�this�alternative,�as�with�Alt_2,�it�is�noted�that�certain�recovery�processes�can�give�rise�to�by�product�such�as�fly�ash�and�bottom�ash�(from�Waste�to�Energy).�In�the�case�of�fly� ash,� this� is� considered� hazardous� material� and� is�exported�for�disposal� in�appropriate�facilities.� �The�export�of� fly�ash� for� disposal� has� the� potential� to� impact�negatively� on� AQ� and� CF� as� a� result� of� transport� related�emissions.��The�disposal�of�this�material�also�has�potential�for�negative�environmental�impacts,�particularly�in�relation�to�AQ,�water,�soils,�BFF�and�PHH.��It�is�acknowledged�that�risks�related�to�these�impacts�would�currently�be�borne�by�the�country�accepting�this�waste�as�Ireland�does�not�have�facilities� to� deal� with� this� material.� � It� is� noted� that� such�facilities� would� be� subject� to� licensing� and� permitting�regimes� in� the� host� country� therefore� significant� impacts�are�not�anticipated.�

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Bottom� ash� is� not� considered� hazardous� and� can� be�landfilled� in� non�hazardous� landfills� in� Ireland,� a� practice�which�is�ongoing.��In�addition�bottom�ash�may�be�reused�in�the�production�of�construction�blocks�as� is�the�practice� in�the�Netherlands.��This�reuse�of�materials�would�give�rise�to�positive�environmental�impacts.��

Other�Recovery�

Alt_2�

Existing�active�recovery�capacity�remains� active� and� other�pending� capacity� comes� on�stream� during� the� period� as� a�minimum.�

As� with� Alt_1,� the� existing� authorised� active� recovery�capacity� in� Ireland� would� remain� active� and� the� other�authorised� pending� capacity� would� come� on� stream�increasing� the� total� capacity� available� to� the� region� and�nationally�to�over�1.1�million�tonnes.� �Other�capacity�may�also�be�at�a�pre�planning�stage.�In� this� alternative,� the� reliance� on� export� of� residual�wastes� outside� Ireland� would� be� expected� to� reduce� as�more�capacity�is�developed�in�Ireland.��Any�facility�located�within� Ireland� will� have� the� potential� for� land� take� but�nationally� or� regionally� this� is� unlikely� to� be� significant.��There� is� also� potential� for� emissions� locally� when�compared� to� waste� exported.� However,� these� impacts�should�not�be�significant�as�they�will�be�controlled�by�the�appropriate� licensing� system� e.g.� IED,� IPC,� waste.� Any�emissions� from� new� infrastructure� would� be� within�licensed� emission� levels� that� are� based� on� standards�intended� to� protect� human� health� and� the� environment.��The� emissions� can� relate� to� air� emissions,� particulates,�Volatile�Organic�Compounds�(VOCs),�dioxins,�odour,�noise,�traffic�and�water�quality�(surface�or�groundwater).Reduced�international� transport� would� lead� to� lower� transport�related� emissions� from� road� and� shipping� in� particular�however�it� is�noted�that�more�domestic�transport�may�be�required� given� the� spatial� distribution� of� the� active� and�pending� capacity� in� the� region� and� the� country� overall.��Transport�is�a�major�source�of�pollutants�such�as�NOx�and�PM10.��Heavy�Goods�Vehicles�(HGVs)�contribute�to�ambient�NOx� concentrations� through� exhaust� emissions� and� to�PM10� concentrations� through� both� exhaust� emissions,�regular�wear�and�tear�(of�brake�and�tyre�matter)�and�from�the� re�suspension� of� dust� on� roads.� Transport� is� also� a�major� contributor� to� GHG� emissions� and� accounts� for� up�to�18.8%�of� Irelands�GHG�emissions� in�2012�compared�to�only�2%�for�waste14.��Any�facility�with�the�potential�for�energy�recovery�will�have�environmental�benefits�by�offsetting�the�use�of�other�fossil�fuels,�which�may�in�some�cases�be�regarded�as�renewable�energy.� �For�example,�energy�recovered�from�combustion�of� 1� tonne� of� MSW� can� generate� 0.63MWh� into� the� grid�(based� on� 2013� data� from� a� waste� to� energy� facility� in�Ireland)�which�would�offset�0.13�tonnes�of�GHG�produced�by� combusting� natural� gas� or� 0.21� tonnes� of� GHG�produced� by� combusting� coal� for� electricity� production�(based�on�SEAI�emission�factors).��Reduced� international� transport� would� result� in� positive�

������������������������������������������������������������14�EPA�2013,�Ireland’s�Greenhouse�Gas�Emissions�in�2012�

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impacts� for� air� quality,� and� climate� in� particular.� � Further�positive� impacts� would� be� anticipated� in� relation� to�biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna� and� water� quality� due� to�reduced�shipping�in�particular�as�there�would�be�a�decline�in�the�risk�of�pollution,�spillage�etc.����As�noted�above,�certain�recovery�processes�can�give�rise�to�by�products�such�as�fly�ash�and�bottom�ash�(from�Waste�to�Energy).�In�the�case�of�fly�ash,�this�is�considered�hazardous�material� and� is� exported� for� disposal� in� appropriate�facilities.� � The� export� of� fly�ash� for� disposal� has� the�potential�to�impact�negatively�on�AQ�and�CF�as�a�result�of�transport�related�emissions.� �The�disposal�of�this�material�also� has� potential� for� negative� environmental� impacts,�particularly�in�relation�to�AQ,�water,�soils,�BFF�and�PHH.��It�is�acknowledged�that�risks�related�to�these�impacts�would�currently�be�borne�by�the�country�accepting�this�waste�as�Ireland�does�not�have� facilities� to�deal�with� this�material.��It�is�noted�that�such�facilities�would�be�subject�to�licensing�and� permitting� regimes� in� the� host� country� therefore�significant�impacts�are�not�anticipated.�Bottom� ash� is� not� considered� hazardous� and� can� be�landfilled� in� non�hazardous� landfills� in� Ireland,� a� practice�which�is�ongoing.��In�addition�bottom�ash�may�be�reused�in�the�production�of�construction�blocks�as� is�the�practice� in�the�Netherlands.��This�reuse�of�materials�would�give�rise�to�positive�environmental�impacts.�

Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� the� provision� of� additional�recovery�capacity�for�residual�waste�treatment�Alt_2.�

Reason�for�Choosing�the�Preferred�Alternative:��Alt_2�provides�the�best�opportunity�to�derive�value�from�residual�waste�produced�in�Ireland.�The�recovery�of�energy�is�a�critically�important�part�of�these�facilities� and� offers� the� potential� to� off�set� use� of� fossil� fuels� domestically� in� Ireland�with� positive�impacts�for�material�assets,�air�quality�and�climate.�

7.5.7 Infrastructure�(Backfilling)�

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Other�Waste�Streams�Alt_1�

Coordinated� centralised� facilities� with�a�longer�life�span��

Utilisation�in�2012�at�backfilling�sites�was�low.��This�underutilisation� reflects� the� low� levels� of� activities�in� the� construction� sector� with� the� supply� of�capacity� far� exceeding� current� demand.� � This� is�expected� to� improve� over� the� Plan� period� as�economic�recovery�continues�to�build�nationally.��In�the�face�of�increased�authorisation�demand�there�is�a� need� for� better� co�ordination� between� local�authorities� in� the� region� to� ensure� backfilling�facilities� are� planned� and� developed� at� suitable�sites�which�do�not�pose�a�risk�to�human�health�and�the� environment.� � A� significant� consideration� of�siting� is� the� potential� for� habitat� loss� and� species�

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disturbance,� transfer� of� invasive� alien� species� and�deterioration�of�water�quality�and�air�quality�locally.�Many� of� these� impacts� can� be� addressed� through�appropriate�siting.��More� centralised� larger� sites� offer� potential�positives�in�relation�to�better�use�of�land�and�more�management� from� a� regulatory� perspective,�however,� as� noted� above� this� would� be� subject� to�appropriate� siting� to� reduce� impacts� of� traffic,�noise,�dust�landtake�etc.�on�sensitive�receptors.�

Other�Waste�Streams�Alt_2�

Uncoordinated�proliferation�of�smaller�sites�

A�proliferation�of�smaller�sites�was�a�feature�of�the�economy� of� the� last� decade.� � Many� of� these� sites�posed� risk� to� environmental� receptors� such� as�water� quality� and� air� quality� through� drainage�pathways�and�emissions�such�as�dust.� �Biodiversity�in�particular�is�at�risk�from�habitat�loss,�disturbance�and� fragmentation.� � This� alternative� offers� limited�control�of�the�proliferation�of�sites�going�forward.��

Preferred� Alternative:� The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� the� greater� control� on� the�management�of�stone�and�soils,�Other�Waste�Streams�Alt_1.�

Reason�for�Choosing�the�Preferred�Alternative:��Larger�more�centralised�sites�with�a�longer�lifespan�will� lead� to� better� coordination� of� controls� along� with� better� enforcement� which� has� positive�impacts� in� particular� for� land� use,� biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna,� water,� landscape,� air� quality� and�cultural�heritage.��This�however�is�dependent�on�the�development�and�application�of�siting�guidance.�

Mitigation:�Future�authorisations�for�backfilling�should�ensure�proper�siting�of�facilities�in�line�with�appropriate�siting�guidance.�

7.5.8 Infrastructure�(Disposal)�

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Disposal��Alt_1�

Ireland� continues� to� send� residual�waste�to� landfill�albeit� in� line�with�the�diversion�target�threshold�limits�

In� this� alternative,� Ireland� continues� to� send�residual� waste� to� landfill� albeit� in� line� with� the�diversion� target� threshold.�The� final� biodegradable�municipal� waste� (BMW)� to� landfill� target�will� need�to�be�met�by�July�2016.�There�has�been�a�significant�shift�away�from�landfill�nationally�with�the�number�of� active� facilities� reducing.� This� has� fallen� to� 1� in�the� Southern� Region,� 2� in� the� Eastern� Midlands�Region�and�2�in�Connacht�Ulster�Region.�In�addition�EU� and� National� Policy� focus� is� for� the� ultimate�elimination� of� landfill� as� a� sustainable� option� for�management�of�residual�waste.� � Ireland�is�on�track�to�meet�the�2016�target.�Post�2016,�Ireland�will�be�required� to� sustain� compliance� with� the� target� for�any�future�landfilling.���Continued�disposal� to� landfill� as�envisioned�by� this�

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alternative� will� result� in� ongoing� risk� to� the�environment.� Landfills� give� rise� to� methane� and�other�gases�which�have�negative�impacts�on�climate�and�on�air�quality.� �Methane�has�a�global�warming�potential� 21� times� that� of� CO2.� In� order� to� control�emissions� of� the� gas,� regulated� landfills� have� to�capture� and� manage� the� disposal� of� the� gas� at�considerable� cost.� � In� addition� to� methane,� other�gases� may� also� be� generated� as� a� result� of� the�chemical�make�up�of�materials�disposed�of�through�commercial�and�household�waste�streams.��Landfills� also� create� leachate.� � Potential� pathways�for� this� pollution� may� exist� through� soils,�groundwater� and� /� or� surface� water� with� the�potentially� to� indirectly� impact� on� population,�human�health�and�biodiversity�flora�and�fauna.���

Disposal��Alt_2�

Move� away� from� disposal� of� MSW� to�landfill��

Moving�away� from� landfill� will� have� direct�positive�medium� to� long� term� impacts� for� soils,�groundwater� surface� water,� population,� human�health�and�biodiversity�flora�and�fauna�as�sites�are�closed.� � Site� closure� plans� will� be� essential� to�ensuring� sustainable� uses� of� the� sites� once� closed�and� to� ensure� ongoing� monitoring� is� undertaken�until� such�time�as�emissions�to�air,� soils�and�water�are�stabilised.��It� is� noted� that� the� Plan� may� not� be� able� to� fully�deliver� this� alternative� as� the� licensing� authority� is�the�EPA�and�not�all�of�the�sites�are�operated�by�the�local�authorities.�

Preferred�Alternative:�The�preferred�alternative� in�this� instance� is�to�eliminate� landfills�completely�Disposal�Alt_2.�

Reason� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� The� elimination� of� landfill,� although� possibly�unachievable�in�the�short�term,�should�none�the�less�be�the�objective�of�the�Plans�in�order�to�deliver�a� sustainable� long� term� solution� to� waste� management.� � The� negative� environmental� impacts�associated� with� landfilling� are� now� widely� recognised� as� being� unacceptable� and� legislation� and�policy� is� driving� a� shift� from� disposal� to� higher� tier� alternatives.� � These� higher� order� solutions� are�part�of�a�solution�which�recognises�the�greater�environmental�benefits�from�reusing,�recycling�and�recovering�wastes.���

7.5.9 Regulation�and�Enforcement�

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Regulation�and�Enforcement�Alt_1�

�The� establishment� of� a� regional� office�for� the� co�ordination� and�implementation� of� enforcement�activities���

Impacts�include�better�use�of�resources,�knowledge�sharing;� co�ordinated� implementation;� consistency�of� approaches� and� communications;� ability� to�tackle� higher� profile/more� serious� enforcement�cases� which� may� be� occurring� in� several� local�authority� areas� (e.g.� fuel� laundering),� but� requires�buy�in.�

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Regulation�and�Enforcement�Alt_2�

�Enforcement� activities� are� delivered�primarily� by� individual� local��authorities�in�the�region��

Impacts�include�concentration�of�local�level�activity,�potential�for�limited�penetration�of�activities�due�to�resource�constraints,�funding�issues�and�difficult�to�tackle�larger�cases.�

Preferred� Alternative:� � The� preferred� alternative� in� this� instance� is� leadership� from� the� regional�waste�office�Regulation�and�Enforcement�Alt_1.��

Reason� for�Choosing� the�Preferred�Alternative:�A� coordinated�approach� to� waste�management� is�essential� to� ensure� better� management� of� wastes� in� the� region.� � A� coordinated� approach� to�regulation� and� enforcement� provides� an� opportunity� to� use� resources� and� funding� in� the� most�effective�and�targeted�manner�resulting�in�greater�impact�from�these�activities.���

7.5.10 Protection��

� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Protection�Alt_1�

�All� high� risk� landfill� (Class� A)� sites�(1977� –� 1996)� and� pre�1977� (Class� A)�sites�are�remediated��

Historic� landfill� sites� pose� a� significant� risk� to� the�environment� particularly� to� soils� and� water� as� a�result� of� leachates� generated� from� buried� wastes�(particularly� hazardous� waste)� which� can� migrate�through� soils� and� rock� to� reach� surface� and�groundwater.� � This� could� result� in� direct� negative�impacts� to� water� quality,� soils� quality� and� indirect�impacts� to� biodiversity� and� human� health.��Similarly,�emissions�to�air�may�also�be�present�from�decomposing� wastes,� and� also� through� the�potential� migration� of� fugitive� gas� emissions,�resulting� in� significant� risk� to� air� quality� and�indirectly�risks�to�human�health�and�biodiversity.��The� coordinated� and� prioritised� remediation� of�these�sites� is� likely� to�result� in�positive� impacts� for�air� quality,� water,� climate,� biodiversity� and� human�health� in� particular.� � MA� and� landscape� are� also�anticipated�to�be�positively�impacted.���Negative� impacts� may� however� arise� from�remediation� through� disturbance� of� the� material�which� has� the� potential� to� impact� negatively� on�biodiversity�in�particular.��The�movement�of�buried�waste� may� result� in� mobilisation� of� invasive� alien�species� (IAS)� through� buried� spores� or� seeds.� � IAS�has� significant� potential� to� impact� on� biodiversity�and�currently�cost�the�EU�in�the�order�of�12�million�euro�per�annum.�This� alternative� will� ensure� that� impacts� from�buried� waste� on� environmental� receptors� can� be�mitigated�and�controlled.�

Protection�Alt_2�

�Remediation� of� all� identified� high� risk�landfill� (Class� A)� sites� (1977� –� 1996)�

The� ongoing� legacy� of� these� sites� will� continue� to�have� short,� medium� and� long� term� negative�impacts� for� groundwater,� surface� water,� soils,� air�

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and� pre�1977� (Class� A)� sites� is� not�prioritised�in�the�Plan���

quality,�biodiversity�and�human�health.�

Preferred�Alternative:��The�preferred�alternative�in�this�instance�is�remediation�of�all�identified�high�risk�sites�Alt_1.��

Reason� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� There� is� significant� risk� posed� by� these� historic�landfill�sites�to�both�human�health�and�the�environment.��The�prioritisation�of�remediation�is�vital�to�ensure�risk�to�the�environment�can�be�appropriately�dealt�with.��

Mitigation:�To�mitigate�the�potential�spread�of�IAS,�a�qualified�ecologist�should�undertake�survey�for�IAS�before�waste�is�disturbed.��A�management�plan�to�ensure�IAS�are�not�spread�from�the�site�will�be�developed� if� such�species�are� identified.� � �To�mitigate� the�potential� to� impact�on�the�Natura�2000�network,�AA�screening�shall�be�carried�out�before�remediation�is�undertaken.�

7.5.11 Other�Waste�Streams�

Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�

Other�Waste�Streams�Alt_1�

The� coordinated� management� of�sludges� (domestic,� sewage� and�agricultural)�is�addressed�in�the�Plan���

The�main�sources�of�agricultural�sludge�e.g.�manure�etc.� have� potential� to� negatively� impact� on� the�environment�through�the�process�of�land�spreading�and�application.� � In�particular�there� is�potential� for�negative� impacts� to� water� quality� where� this�organic� matter� is� lost� to� water� bodies,� causing�deterioration� in� water� quality� and� also� negatively�impacting� on� water� associated� flora� and� fauna.��There�are�also�public�health�concerns�in�relation�to�the� spreading� of� agricultural� wastes� due� to� the�potential� for� spread� of� pathogens� and� other�microbial�matter.���Domestic� and� sewage� sludge� are� within� the� scope�of�the�plan�although�it�is�recognised�that�Irish�Water�will� have� the� primary� role� in� management� of�sludges�from�the�MWWT�and�MWT�facilities�under�its�remit.��It�is�likely�that�some�domestic�sludges�will�require� treatment� /� disposal� within� the� waste�management� framework� and� it� is� important� to�ensure�that�there�is�capacity�in�the�system�to�allow�the� most� beneficial� management� options� to� be�available� in� sufficient� capacity� to� deal� with� these�wastes�e.g.�biological�treatments�such�as�Anaerobic�Digestion.�Coordinating� with� IW,� local� authority� water�departments� and� other� responsible� bodies� in�relation� the� management� of� has� the� potential� to�bring� environmental� benefits.� � By� addressing� the�issue�of�sludge�within�the�Plan,�sludge�management�is�likely�to�improve�in�the�region�as�more�sludge�will�be� brought� into� the� appropriate� management�

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Alternative� Description�of�Scenario� Discussion�systems.��

Other�Waste�Streams�Alt_2�

A�business�as�usual�scenario�in�relation�to� management� of� sludges� (domestic,�sewage�and�agricultural)� is�considered�in�the�Plan�

Previous� waste� Management� Plans� generally� set�out�details�of�the�quantities�of�sewage�sludge,�agri��sludge� and� industrial� sludge� arising� in� each� region�and�with�the�objective��to�implement�the�polices�set�out�in�relevant�Sludge�Management�Plan�(SMP).��In�reality,� not� every� region� had� developed� a� SMP�making�this�approach�less�than�effective.���While�the�establishment�of�Irish�Water�and�its�remit�to� manage� sludge� from� the� municipal� water� and�waste� water� treatment� processes� will� see� the�development� of� national� plans� for� sludge�management� of� both� wastewater� (under�preparation)�and�water�(due�in�2015)�the�approach�still� isolates� waste� management� from� sludge�management.���It� may� result� in� an� uncoordinated� approach� to� the�management� of� sludges� and� may� result� in�insufficient� capacity� in� the� waste� management�system� to� deal� with� specific� sludge� types.� � This�increases� the� risk� to� human� health� and� the�environment,� particularly� where� land� spreading�may� be� used� as� an� alternative.� � A� coordinated�approach� which� includes� liaison� with� Irish� Water�will� allow� for� higher� tier� options� within� biological�treatment�to�be�explored�which�would�have�overall�positive�impacts�for�the�environment.�

Preferred�Alternative:��The�preferred�alternative�in�this�instance�is�the�coordinated�management�of�sludges�Alt_1.��

Reason� for� Choosing� the� Preferred� Alternative:� A� coordinated� approach� which� sees� the� lead�authorities� work� with� Irish� Water� and� the� Agricultural� Sector� to� deliver� sustainable� management�solutions�will�have�overall�positive�impacts�on�the�environment.�

Mitigation:�Any�proposed�facilities�for�the�treatment�of�sludges�should�adhere�to�appropriate�siting�guidance.�

7.6 OVERALL�PREFERRED�SCENARIO�

The�preferred�scenario� is� to�put� into�place�coherent�policy�objectives�and�actions�which�align�with�European�and�national�policy�and�support�Ireland’s�move�to�an�economy�defined�by�higher�resource�efficiency�and�productivity.��This�proposed�strategy�is�focused�on�recognising�the�important�role�the�waste� sector�has� to�play� in�helping� Ireland’s�households,�businesses�and� industry� in� the� transition�towards�a�more�resource�efficient�and�circular�economy.���

The�strategic�vision�for�the�RWMP�can�be�summarised�as:�

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To�rethink�the�approach�to�managing�wastes,�by�viewing�waste�streams�as�valuable�material�resources�which�can�lead�to�a�

healthier�environment�and�sustainable�commercial�opportunities�for�our�economy.���

Underpinning�this�overarching�strategic�vision�is�a�set�of�principles�which�will�guide�the�delivery�of�a�sustainable�RWMP.��These�principles�include:�

� Application�of�the�waste�management�hierarchy��� Source�segregation��� Polluter�pays�principle��� Balanced�and�sustainable�infrastructure��� Self�sufficiency�and�proximity��� Opportunity�and�growth�� Co�operation��� Environmental�Protection��

7.7 DEVELOPMENT�OF�STRATEGIC�OBJECTIVES�

From� the� outset� of� development� of� the� Southern� RWMP,� the� SEA� team� and� the� AA� team� have�worked�in�parallel�to�provide�advice�and�guidance�to�the�RWMP�team�on�text�to�include�within�the�Plan.�� The� team� recognised� that� early� consideration� of� environmental� issues� in� developing� the�RWMP�created�an�opportunity�for�environmental�factors�to�be�considered�explicitly�alongside�other�factors�such�as�social,�technical�or�economic�aspects.�

Key�to� this�process�was�the�SEA�and�AA�team’s� involvement� in�the�Plan�team’s�preparation�of� the�Strategic�Objectives�of�the�Plan.� �Through�participation�in�a�workshop�the�Plan�team,�the�SEA�/�AA�team�discussed�draft�wording�for�the�Strategic�Objectives.���

Significant� changes� brought� about� by� the� inputs� of� the� SEA� /� AA� team� include� reference� to�environmental� regulators� under� the� Strategic� Objective� on� Enforcement� and� Regulations� (Section�5.3.6�of� the�RWMP)�and� the� inclusion�of�“environmental”� to� the�Strategic�Objective�on�Policy�and�Legislation.�

In� addition,� the� SEA� /� AA� team� sought� inclusion� of� reference� to� protection� of� the� Natura� 2000�network�in�the�Strategic�Objective�on�Protection,�in�order�to�ensure�that�the�implementation�of�the�Southern�RWMP�has�regard�to,�in�particular�the�conservation�objectives�of�any�Natura�2000�site.�

The�wording�of�the�final�Strategic�Objectives�is:�

� Policy� &� Legislation:� The� Region� will� implement� EU� and� national� waste� and� related�environmental�policy,� legislation,�guidance�&�codes�of�practice�to� improve�management�of�material�resources�and�wastes.�

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� Prevention:�Prioritise� waste� prevention� through� behavioural� change� activities� to� decouple�economic�growth�and�resource�use.�

� Resource�Efficiency�&�the�Circular�Economy:�The�Region�will�encourage�the�transition�from�a� waste� management� economy� to� a� green� circular� economy� to� enhance� employment�opportunities�and�increase�the�value,�recovery�and�recirculation�of�resources.�

� Coordination:�Coordinate�the�activities�of�the�Regions�and�to�work�with�relevant�stakeholder�to�ensure�the�effective�implementation�of�objectives.�

� Infrastructure�Planning:�The�Region�will�promotesustainable�waste�management�treatment�in�keeping�with�the�waste�hierarchy�and�the�move�towards�a�circular�economy�and�greater�self�sufficiency.�

� Enforcement�&�Regulation:�The�Region,�will�Implement�a�consistent�and�coordinated�system�for� the� regulation� and� enforcement� of� waste� activities� in� cooperation� with� other�environmental�regulators�and�enforcement�bodies.�

� Protection:�Apply�the�relevant�environmental�and�planning�legislation�to�waste�activities�to�protect�and�reduce�impacts�on�the�environment�in�particular�Natura�2000�sites�and�human�health�from�the�adverse�impact�of�waste�generated.�

� Other�Waste� Streams:�The� Region� will� establish� policy� measures� for� other� waste� streams�not�subject�to�EU�and�national�waste�management�performance�targets.��

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8 ASSESSMENT�OF�PREFERRED�SCENARIO�

8.1 ASSESSMENT�APPROACH�

The�preferred�strategy�identified�at�the�end�of�Chapter�7�has�been�progressed�and�policies�and�policy�actions�have�been�developed�for�the�following�policy�areas:�

a) Policy�and�Legislation�

b) Prevention�

c) Resource�Efficiency�and�the�Circular�Economy�

d) Coordination�

e) Infrastructure�Planning�

f) Enforcement�and�Regulation�

g) Protection�

h) Other�Waste�Streams�

The�approach�used� for�assessing� the�policies�and�policy�actions� for� the�draft�Southern�RWMP�was�objectives�led�assessment.��Each�policy�and�its�associated�policy�actions�have�been�assessed�against�a�set�of� strategic�environmental�assessment�objectives� (See�Chapter�6� for�details�of� the�objectives).��The�assessment� compares� the� likely� impacts� in� terms�of� the� strategic�environmental�objectives� to�see�which�policies�and�policy�actions�meet�the�strategic�environmental�objectives�and�which,�if�any,�contradict�them.���

For�the�purposes�of�this�assessment:��

� Plus�(+)�indicates�a�potential�positive�environmental�impact;��� Minus�(�)�indicates�a�potential�negative�environmental�impact;��� Plus/minus�(+/�)�indicates�that�both�positive�and�negative�environmental�impacts�are�likely�

or�that�in�the�absence�of�further�detail�the�impact�is�unclear;�and��� Zero�(0)�indicates�neutral�or�no�impact.�

�Under�each�policy�heading�a�discussion�is�presented�to�support�the�assessment�parameters�shown.��Not�all�of�these�policies�and�policy�actions�are�suitable�for�detailed�assessment�as�they�may�relate�to�administration�issues�or�additional�monitoring�etc.��In�these�cases�a�qualitative�statement�has�been�made�to�describe�how�the�policy�or�action�might�support�the�overall�strategy�approach.�

8.2 ASSESSMENT�PARAMETERS�

Within� the� current� scope� of� this� SEA,� temporary� impacts� have� not� been� assessed.� � Temporary�impacts� arising� from� the� RWMP� and� proposals� contained� therein� would� be� associated� with� the�construction� phase,� however,� no� specific� location� or� design� parameters� are� addressed� at� this�strategic� level.� � It� is� therefore� considered� that� the� scope� of� the� RWMP� does� not� lend� itself� to� an�assessment�of�such�impacts�but�such�impacts�will�be�addressed�at�the�EIA�level�in�relation�to�project�specific�details.�Permanent�effects�are�addressed�in�the�assessment�which�follows.�

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The�RWMP�will�cover�the�period�from�2015�up�to�2021.��In�line�with�the�SEA�Directive,�short,�medium�and�long�term�impacts�must�be�considered�during�the�assessment.��As�such,�assessments�have�been�made�for�2015�(as�a�short�term�horizon),�2021�(as�a�medium�term�horizon)�and�post�2021�(as�a�long�term� horizon).� The� long�term� horizon� would� represent� possible� effects� beyond� the� end� of� this�planning� cycle� for� the� RWMP.� � Short,� medium� and� long�term� impacts� are� addressed� in� the�assessment�which�follows.�

Cumulative� effects� arise� for� instance� where� several� developments� may� each� have� an� insignificant�effect�but�together�have�a�significant�effect�or�where�several�individual�effects�of�the�RWMP�have�a�combined�effect.� �Synergistic�effects� interact�to�produce�a�total�effect�greater�than�the�sum�of�the�individual�effects� so� that� the�nature�of� the� final� impact� is�different� to� the�nature�of� the� individual�impact.��Cumulative�/�synergistic�assessment�is�addressed�in�the�assessment�which�follows.�

The�primary�effect�of� the�RWMP� is� to�manage�waste�sustainably.� �Many�of� the�policies�and�policy�actions� under� consideration� will� have� direct� impacts� on� material� assets� as� a� result.� � However,� a�number�of�the�policies�and�policy�actions�also�have�the�potential�to�directly�and�indirectly�impact�on�other�environmental�receptors.��These�secondary�and�indirect�effects�have�been�taken�into�account�in�the�assessment�which�follows.�

8.2.1 Integration�of�SEA�and�AA�with�the�Plan��

To� assist� the� RWMP� team� in� developing� policies� and� policy� actions� which� had� due� regard� for� the�environment,�the�SEA�and�AA�teams�have�worked�closely�with�the�plan�team�to�ensure�feedback�on�proposed�wording�and�actions.��This�included�workshops�and�meeting�to�discuss�overall�strategy�and�specific� policy� areas.� � The� SEA� and� AA� have,� as� a� result,� had� very� positive� influence� on� the� plan�evolution.���

Specifically�both�the�AA�and�SEA�teams:��

� inputted�to�a�workshop�on�alternatives�(See�Chapter�7);��� undertook�a�preliminary�review�of�emerging�policies�and�policy�actions;��� provided� feedback� on� policy� language� to� address� issues� in� particular� in� relation� to� Natura�

2000�and�AA;�� fed�into�siting�criteria�for�the�protection�of�the�environment�and�human�health�for�inclusion�

in�the�plan;�� developed�additional�mitigation�measures�for�inclusion�in�the�plan.��

As� a� result� of� this� very� active� involvement� in� the� evolution� of� the� plan,� and� the� very� proactive�response� by� the� plan� team� to� suggestions� made,� particularly� in� relation� to� the� protection� of� the�Natura�2000,�the�mitigation�measures�identified�by�the�AA�team�have�all�been�incorporated�into�the�draft�plan�and�no�further�additional�mitigation�arising�from�the�AA�is�required.��The�assessment�that�follows�has�had�regard�to�the�issues�raised�in�the�AA.���

� �

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8.3 ASSESSMENT�OF�POLICIES�AND�POLICY�ACTIONS�OF�THE�PREFERRED�� STRATEGIC�APPROACH��

8.3.1 Policy�Actions�A�–�Policy�and�Legislation�

Policy� A.1� Take�measures�to�ensure�the�best�overall�outcome�by�applying�the�waste�hierarchy�to�the�management�of�waste�streams.�

Policy�Action� A.1.1� Move� waste� further� up� the� hierarchy� by� eliminating� the� direct� disposal� of� unprocessed�

residual�municipal�waste�to�landfill.�

SEA�Objective* Policy�A.1 Policy�Action�A.1.1�BFF_1� +/� +/��BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� +/� +/��PHH_2� 0 0�Soil_1� +/� +/��

Water_1� +/� +/��AQ_1� +/� +/��CF_1� +/� +/��MA_1� +/� +/��MA_2� +/� +/��CH_1� +/� +/��

LandS_1� +/� +/��Soc_1� + +�

Discussion�Policy� A.1:�Overall� Policy� A.1� is� applying� the� waste� hierarchy� to� the� management� of� waste� streams� where�landfill�disposal� is� the�bottom�tier�and� least�sustainable�option� for�waste�management.�Therefore�priority� is�diversion�of�waste�from�landfill�and�recalibrating�the�hierarchy�with�recovery�now�to�be�seen�as�the�minimum�option.��This�is�in�line�with�the�requirements�of�the�EU�Landfill�Directive�which�seeks�to�phase�out�landfill�as�a�waste�management�approach�given�the�environmental�effects�associated�with�the�practice.��The�EPA�reported�in� the� national� waste� report� that� for� the� first� time� in� 2012� the� percentage� tonnage� of� municipal� waste�managed�for�recovery�(59%)�exceeded�the�percentage�tonnage�managed�for�disposal�(41%).��The�quantity�of�municipal�waste�disposed�to�landfill�continues�to�fall���approximately�24%�less�municipal�waste�was�disposed�to�landfill�in�2012�compared�to�2011.�This�policy�will�have�overall�positive�medium�to�long�term�effects�as�it�will�see�the�phasing�out�of�landfill�and�associated�negative�impacts�on�soils,�water,�BFF,�CF�and�PHH.��An�increase�in�rates�of�prevention�and�various�forms� of� recovery� will� have� a� corresponding� positive� medium� to� long�term� impact� on� all� environmental�receptors�as�greater�resource�efficiency�is�introduced.��In�addition,�where�recovery�also�includes�generation�of�energy,�this�can�offset�requirements�for�fossil�fuels�and�have�secondary�positive�impacts�on�AQ�and�CF.���Policy�Action�A.1.1:�The�percentage�of�municipal�waste�disposed�of�nationally�was�41%�in�2012.�The�focus�of�this� policy� action� is� to� reduce� this� further� and� to� eliminate� the� direct� disposal� of� unprocessed� residual�municipal� waste� to� landfill.� � The� main� issues� with� landfilling� relate� to� atmospheric,� hydrological� and�hydrogeological� effects.� � Landfills� give� rise� to� methane� and� other� gases� which� have� negative� impacts� on�climate� and� on� air� quality.� � Methane,� which� is� generated� from� decaying� and� rotting� organic� matter,� has� a�global�warming�potential,�21�times�that�of�CO2�and�plays�a�significant�role�in�climate�change�effects.��In�order�to� control� emissions� of� the� gas,� regulated� landfills� have� to� capture� and� manage� the� disposal� of� the� gas� at�considerable� cost,� even� after� the� landfill� has� closed.� � In� unregulated� landfills,� the� gases� may� continue� to�

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escape.� � In�addition� to�methane,�other�gases�may�also�be�generated�as�a� result�of� the�chemical�make�up�of�materials�disposed�of�through�commercial�and�household�waste�streams.��Landfills�also�create�leachate�arising�from�industrial�solvents�to�household�cleaners�which�accumulate�and�mix�over�time.��Potential�pathways�for�this�pollution�may�exist�through�soils,�groundwater�and�/�or�surface�water�with�the�potential�to�indirectly�impact�on�PHH�and�BFF.��By�moving�up�the�hierarchy,�away�from�landfill�Policy�Action�A.1.1�will�have�long�term�positive�effects�for�BFF,�Water,�Soils,�AQ�and�CF.���However� for� both� the� Policy� and� Policy� Action,� it� is� recognised� that� in� parallel� to� the� positive� impacts�experienced� by� many� environmental� receptors� with� a� move� away� from� landfilling,� the� other� tiers� of� the�hierarchy� may� also� give� rise� to� impacts,� particularly� temporary� and� short�terms� impacts� on� BFF,� PHH,� Soil,�Water,� AQ,� CH,� LandS,� and� MA� associated� with� construction� of� facilities� and� supporting� infrastructure.��Medium�to�long�term�impacts�associated�with�disturbance�to�BFF,�PHH�(from�air,�noise�and�traffic�nuisance),�AQ�and�CF�may�also�be�experienced�depending�on�where�the�facilities�are�sited.��Cumulative� Impacts:� Positive� effects� on� AQ� and� CF� in� particular� as� the� move� away� from� landfill� will� see�reduced�emissions�from�regulated�landfilling�and�in�addition,�recovery�associated�with�energy�generation�will�offset�fossil�fuel�usage�e.g.�co�fuelling�at�cement�kilns�or�district�heating�from�WtE.��Mitigation�Measures:�Negative� impacts� associated� with� Policy� A.1� and� Policy� Action� A1.1� relate� to� possible�impacts� associated� with� siting� of� infrastructure.� � While� it� is� acknowledge� that� the� draft� plan� includes� siting�criteria�to�reduce�the�negative�effects�of�implementation�of�the�RWMP,�it�is�recommended�that�consideration�be�given�to�developing�Siting�Guidelines�in�due�course�to�guide�development�of�infrastructure�in�a�sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.���*Key:��BFF�–�Biodiversity,�Flora�and�Fauna;�PHH�–�Population,�Human�Health;�AQ�–�Air�Quality;�CF�–�Climatic�Factors;�MA�–�Material�Assets;;�CH�–�Cultural�Heritage;�LandS�–�Landscape;�Soc�–�Social.�

�Policy�

A.2� Implement�the�polluter�pays�principle�across�all�waste�services�and�regulatory�activities�in�a�manner�appropriately�reflecting�the�risk�to�the�environment�and�human�health.�

Policy�Action� A.2.1� Review� the� application� fee� structures� related� to� regulatory� activities� for� local� authority�

facility�authorisations.�Policy�Action� A.2.2� Review� and� implement� (if� appropriate)� charging� structures� in� place� for� wastes� accepted� at�

local�authority�civic�amenity�and�other�local�authority�waste�facilities.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�A.2 Policy�Action�A.2.1 Policy�Action�A.2.2BFF_1� + +/0 +/0�BFF_2� + +/0 +/0�PHH_1� + +/0 +/0�PHH_2� 0 +/0 +/0�Soil_1� + +/0 +/0�

Water_1� + +/0 +/0�AQ_1� + +/0 +/0�CF_1� +/� +/0 +/0�MA_1� + +/0 +/0�MA_2� +/� +/0 �/0�CH_1� + +/0 +/0�

LandS_1� + +/0 +/0�Soc_1� + +/0 +/0�

Discussion�Policy�A.2:�This�policy�addresses�the�concept�of�polluter�pays.��In�keeping�with�the�principle�the�real�costs�of�generating� waste� is� borne� by� the� producer.� � This� includes� illegal� activities� such� as� fly� tipping� and� backyard�burning,�the�cost�of�which�is�being�borne�unfairly�by�compliant�citizens�and�businesses.��The�local�authorities�

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recognise� the� principle� is� not� currently� being� applied� in� its� proper� manner� with� inappropriate� collection�services�and�authorisation�costs�in�use�in�the�region.��The�incorporation�of�this�principle�as�part�of�the�strategy�will�see�local�authorities�aim�to�address�these�issues�through�regulatory�and�enforcement�actions�to�level�the�playing�field�for�households,�businesses�and�operators�needs�to�be�levelled.��It�is�anticipated�that�there�will�be�overall�short,�medium�and�long�term�positive�permanent�impacts�on�all�environmental�receptors�as�a�result�of�this�policy�and�the�supporting�actions.��Policy�Action�A.2.1� and�A.2.2:� These� actions� involve� a� review� of� fee� structures� and� while� they� provide� the�tools,� to� inform� future� key� actions,� they� do� not� lend� themselves� to� assessment� under� SEA.� � However,� it� is�recognised� that� the� policy� actions� will� ensure� consistency� and� transparency� of� charging� which� would� have�positive� impacts� for� MA� as� it� will� bring� clarity� and� security� for� users� of� these� facilities� across� the� entire�Southern�Region.� � It� is�noted�that�should�a�review�lead�to�a�rise�in�fees�and�charges,�this�could�have�indirect�negative�effects�on�the�environment� if�operators�and�users�of�these�facilities�are�deterred�due�to�cost.� �This�could�give�rise�to�increases�in�backyard�burning�and/�or�illegal�dumping�as�people�try�to�avoid�the�costs.��This�would�have�negative�impacts�on�BFF,�PHH,�Soils,�Water�and�MA�in�particular�but�also�LandS�and�Soc.�Mitigation�Measures:�Any� review� of� fees� and� charges� should� take� into� account� how� they� might� indirectly�encourage�unsustainable�waste�management�activities.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� A.3�Contribute�to�the�improvement�of�management�performance�across�all�waste�streams�through�the�implementation�of�policy�actions�and�monitor�progress�towards�national�

targets.�Policy�Action� A.3.1� Prepare�an�annual�report�reporting�on�the�progress�of�policy�actions�and�the�implementation�

of�mandatory�and�waste�plan�performance�targets�(refer�to�Chapter�5).�

SEA�Objective* Policy�A.3 Policy�Action�A.3.1�BFF_1� +/� +/0�BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� +/� +/0�PHH_2� 0 +/0�Soil_1� +/� +/0�

Water_1� +/� +/0�AQ_1� +/� +/0�CF_1� +/� +/0�MA_1� +/� +/0�MA_2� +/� +/0�CH_1� +/� +/0�

LandS_1� +/� +/0�Soc_1� + +/0�

Discussion�Policy�A.3�and�Policy�Action�A.3.1:�This�policy�and�the�corresponding�action�are�directed�at�data�gathering�and�while�they�provide�the�tools,�methodologies�and�data�required�to�inform�key�actions�arising�from�the�Southern�RWMP,�they�have�limited�direct�impact�on�environmental�receptors.��They�will�ensure�consistency�and�follow�up� in� reporting�and�monitoring�of�actions.� �By�ensuring�appropriate� reporting�and� follow�up,� this�policy�and�policy�action�will�have�broadly�positive� indirect� impacts�on�all�environmental� receptors�by�ensuring� that� the�effectiveness�of�actions�can�be�tracked�and�improvements�made�if�necessary.��Mitigation�Measures:�The�use�of�Key�Performance�Indicators�should�be�considered�in�the�annual�reporting..

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

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Policy� A.4�Aim�to�improve�regional�and�national�self�sufficiency�of�waste�management�infrastructure�for�the�reprocessing�and�recovery�of�particular�waste�streams,�such�as�mixed�municipal�

waste,�in�accordance�with�the�proximity�principle.�Policy�Action� A.4.1� Monitor�and�report�on�planned,�authorised�and�utilised�capacity�on�a�regional�and�national�

basis�(building�on�the�work�done�for�the�waste�plan).�

SEA�Objective* Policy�A.4 Policy�Action�A.4.1�BFF_1� +/� +�BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� +/� +�PHH_2� +/� +�Soil_1� +/� +�

Water_1� +/� +�AQ_1� +/� +�CF_1� +/� +�MA_1� +/� +�MA_2� +/� +�CH_1� +/� +�

LandS_1� +/� +�Soc_1� +/� +�

DiscussionPolicy�A.4:��The�issue�of�self�sufficiency�has�both�positive�and�negative�impacts.��From�a�positive�perspective,�indirect�positive� impacts�are�anticipated�as�a�result�of�reduced�national�and�international�transport�of�waste�streams� if� better� self�sufficiency� is� achieved.� � The� export� of� residual� wastes� to� other� locations� outside� the�region�or�outside�Ireland�give�rise�to�transport�emissions�such�as�CO2,�NOx,�particulate�matter�etc.��Transport�emissions� have� the� potential� for� direct� negative� impacts� on� air� quality� and� climate� as� well� as� water� quality�(both�freshwater�and�marine�environments�where�waste�is�shipped�to�other�countries).�The�transport�also�has�the�potential�to�indirectly�impact�on�biodiversity,�human�health�through�deterioration�of�water�quality�and�air�quality,� disturbance� of� habitats� and� species,� generation� of� GHG� which� can� in� turn� impact� on� flooding� and�landuse,�etc.���Improving�regional�and�national�self�sufficiency�also�has�the�potential�for�negative�effects�associated�with�the�new� facilities� that� would� be� required� resulting� in� landuse� changes,� emissions� to� air� and� water� (albeit�controlled),�disturbance� of� biodiversity,� flora� and� fauna�and�populations.� � Any� facility� located� within� Ireland�will� have� the� potential� for� some� emissions� locally� compared� to� those� occurring� where� waste� is� exported.��However,� these� impacts� should� not� be� significant� as� they� will� be� controlled� by� the� waste� and� IPC� licensing�system.� � Any� emissions� would� be� within� licensed� emission� levels� that� are� based� on� standards� intended� to�protect� human� health�and� the� environment.� � In�addition,� there�are� material� assets�benefits�associated� with�self�sufficiency� such� as� jobs� and� economic� benefits� associated� with� the� infrastructure� and� treatment� of� the�wastes.���The�value�of�residual�waste�exports�is�a�loss�to�Ireland�in�terms�of�the�revenue�generated�from�gate�fees� and� more� importantly� the� energy,� in� the� form� of� electricity� and� heat,� produced� and� sold� by� European�recovery�facilities�to�end�users.��New�indigenous�infrastructure�for�residual�waste�would�be�viewed�as�part�of�the�wider�strategy�for�managing�wastes�encapsulated�by�the�waste�treatment�hierarchy.���Policy�Action�A.4.1:�This�policy�is�directed�at�data�gathering�and�while�they�provide�the�tools,�methodologies�and� data� required� to� inform� key� actions� arising� from� the� RWMP,� they� have� limited� direct� impact� on�environmental�receptors.��By�ensuring�appropriate�reporting�and�follow�up�this�Policy�Action�will�have�broadly�positive� indirect� impacts�on�all�environmental�receptors�by�ensuring�decisions�relating�to�capacity�needs�are�considered� based� on� the� most� up� to� date� information� on� planned,� authorised� and� utilised� capacity� on� a�regional�and�national�basis�to�prevent�oversupply�and�possible�negative�impacts�on�the�receiving�environment�

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from�unnecessary�or�inappropriately�located�capacity.Mitigation�Measures:�Include�the�following�text�in�Policy�A.4:�…and�having�regard�to�the�protection�of�human�health�and�the�environment,�particularly�the�Natura�2000�network.���While� it� is� acknowledge� that� the� draft� plan� includes� siting� criteria� to� reduce� the� negative� effects� of�implementation�of�the�RWMP,�it�is�recommended�that�consideration�be�given�to�developing�Siting�Guidelines�in�due�course�to�guide�development�of�infrastructure�in�a�sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.���

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

8.3.2 Policy�Actions�B�–�Prevention��

Policy� B.1� Local�authorities�in�the�region�will�ensure�the�resources�required�to�implement�waste�prevention�activities�are�available�through�the�lifetime�of�the�Plan�

Policy�Action� B.1.1�

Appoint,�where�the�role�does�not�exist,�or�retain�the�role�of�the�local�authority�Environmental�Awareness�Officers�on�a�whole�time�equivalent�basis�to�work�on�activities�related�to�the�

implementation�of�the�waste�plan�on�a�local�and�regional�basis.�Policy�Action�� B.1.2� Establish�the�post�of�a�Regional�Prevention�Officer�as�part�of�the�staffing�structure�of�the�

regional�waste�office.�Policy�Action� B.1.3� Ensure�an�on�going�financial�allocation�is�made�in�the�local�authority�annual�budgets�to�cover�

expenditure�on�waste�prevention�related�activities�over�and�above�staff�costs.����

SEA�Objective*� Policy�B.1� Policy�Action�B.1.1 Policy�Action�B.1.2� Policy�Action�B.1.3BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + 0 +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + 0 +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�B.1:�This�policy�provides�an�overarching�positive�structure�towards�ensuring�that�there�are�the�necessary�resources�available�to� implement�waste�prevention�activities�outlined� in�the�RWMP.� �Prevention� is�the�most�important� and� most� effective� waste� management� option� in� terms� of� protection� of� the� environment� and�human� health� as� it� is� central� towards� achieving� a� resource� efficient� society.� � Preventing� waste� provides�environmental� and� economic� savings� through� a� reduced� need� for� transport� of� materials� and� wastes� and�reduced� requirements� in� terms� of� capacity� for� collection,� treatment� and� disposal� of� waste.� To� date� the�approach�to�waste�prevention�has�involved�a�mix�of�practical�initiatives�along�with�awareness�raising.��The�EC�Barometer� survey�Attitudes� of� Europeans� towards� waste� management� and� resource� efficiency� (June� 2014)�outlined�that�39%�of� respondents�admitted� to�throwing�things�away�as� it� is� too�difficult�or�expensive� to�get�them� repaired� which� highlights� the� challenge� facing� local� authorities,� the� EPA� and� others� engaged� in� waste�

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management� in� Ireland�and�the� importance�of�prioritising�prevention�resources�which� this�policy�addresses.�The� policy� is� positive� for� all� environmental� objectives� as� less� waste� produced� will� require� less� collection� ,�treatment�and� disposal� infrastructure� giving� rise� to� long� term� positive� impacts� for� AQ,� CF� and�MA� (reduced�transport� needs� and� reduced� process� emissions),� water,� soils,� CH,� LandS� and� PHH� (less� capacity� needs� and�reduced�process�emissions)�positive.���Policy� Action� B.1.1:� This� policy� action� is� critical� to� ensuring� that� environmental� awareness� is� disseminated�within�the�Southern�Region�and�that�the�policies�of�the�RWMP�are� implemented�within�the� local�authorities�and� collectively� within� the� region.� The� Environmental� Awareness� Officers� (EAOs)� work� in� the� area� of� waste�prevention�and�resource�efficiency�and�hold�a�key�role�in�waste�awareness.�This�policy�will�ensure�that�the�role�of�the�EAOs�is�prioritised�and�that�each�local�authority�has�an�EAO.��Within�the�Southern�Region�there�are�10�city�and�council�administrative�areas�and�at�present�there�are�9�EAOs�working�in�the�area�of�waste�prevention.��Having� dedicated� resources� being� channelled� into� changing� attitudes� and� behaviours� in� individuals� and�businesses�is�an�important�bottom�up�approach�to�achieving�overall�reductions�in�waste.�The� policy� is� positive� for� all� the� environmental� objectives� as� the� provision� of� EAOs� will� ensure� that� waste�prevention� and� awareness� is� delivered� to� the� different� sectors� within� the� region.� Prevention� reduces�environmental�pressures�on�BFF,�PHH,�Soil,�Water,�AQ,�CF,�LandS,�MA�and�CH.�Policy�Action�B.1.2:�The�establishment/retention�of�a�Regional�Prevention�Officer�(RPO)�for�the�regional�waste�office�will�have�an�overall�positive�indirect�impact�on�the�environment�as�the�role�of�the�RPO�will�assist�with�waste� prevention� and� resource� efficiency� in� an� efficient� and� coordinated� manner� across� the� region.� � The�benefits�of�this�approach�are�better�use�of�resources�and�more�effective�delivery�of�an�overall�strategy.� �The�policy� is�reflective�of� limited�resources�and�the�need�to�ensure�the�best�outcomes�across�the�region.� �Better�coordination� in� terms�of�prevention�activities� in�particular�will� indirectly� reduce�environmental�pressures�on�BFF,�PHH,�Soil,�Water,�AQ,�CF,�LandS,�MA�and�CH.�Policy� Action� B.1.3:� The� financial� commitment� by� the� local� authorities� within� the� Southern� Region� will� be�critical� to�ensuring� that�waste�prevention�programmes�and� initiatives�are�both�maintained�and�expanded.�A�target�of�a�minimum�of�€0.15c�per�inhabitant�is�proposed�to�be�spent�on�local�prevention�projects�per�annum.�Activities�such�as�events�at� recycling�centres,�annual�Eco�Weeks�and�Green�Days�are�dependent�on�financial�support.� �Through�these�activities�there�is�greater�awareness�of�not�only�waste�prevention�but�also�of�waste�management�options�available�and�this�helps�to� improve�sustainable�management�of�waste�at�an�individual,�community,� regional� and� national� level.� � � Indirect� long� term� positive� impacts� are� anticipated� for� all�environmental�objectives�as�a�result�of�better�awareness�of�waste�management�options.�Cumulative� Impacts:�There� will� be� positive� effects� on� the� environment� from� the� appointment/� retention� of�EAOs� and� RPOs� which� will� provide� a� strong� structure� of� waste� prevention� awareness� within� the� region� and�therefore�lead�to�positive�environmental�effects.��This�will�further�supported�by�the�financial�commitment��to�fund�waste�prevention�programmes�and�and�initiatives.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� B.2�Promote�behavioural�change�and�extend�waste�prevention�activities�through�information�

campaigns,�targeted�training�and�local�capacity�building,�working�with�households,�communities,�schools,�business�and�other�public�institutions.�

Policy�Action� B.2.1�

Collaborate�regionally�on�prevention�initiatives and�programmes�targeting�priority�areas�to�raise�awareness�of�the�benefits�of�prevention�and�deliver�campaigns�with�more�impact�and�

better�value�for�money.�

Policy�Action� B.2.2�

Ensure�existing�documentation�on�sectoral�waste�prevention�actions�and�programmes�is�catalogued,�available�and�disseminated�in�region.��New�material�on�prevention�will�be�

produced�to�fill�any�sectoral�needs�or�gaps�identified.���

Policy�Action� B.2.3�

Maintain�the�implementation�of�effective�local�prevention,�awareness�and�education�campaigns�targeting�household,�communities,�schools�and�businesses�(such�as�green�schools,�

home�composting�programmes,�green�business�initiatives�reuse�cafes�etc.)�

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Policy�Action� B.2.4� Maintain,�develop�and�integrate�waste�prevention�measures�and�systems�into�all�local�

authority�offices�and�operations�to�best�practise�standards.�����

SEA�Objective*� Policy�B.2� Policy�Action�B.2.1�

Policy�Action�B.2.2�

Policy�Action�B.2.3�

Policy�Action�B.2.4�

BFF_1� +� + + + +BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0 0PHH_1� +� + + + +PHH_2� +� + + + +Soil_1� +� + + + +

Water_1� +� + + + +AQ_1� +� + + + +CF_1� +� + + + +MA_1� +/�� +/� + +/�� +MA_2� +� + + + +CH_1� +� + + + +

LandS_1� +� + + + +Soc_1� +� + + + +

Discussion�Policy� B.2:� The� focus� towards� behavioural� change� is� a� priority� for� waste� management.� � Education� and�awareness� is�possibly�the�most� important�policy�area�of�all� in�terms�of�environmental�protection�as� it�offers�the�greatest�scope�to�reduce�negative�behaviours�at�the� individual,�community,�regional�and�national� levels.��Policies� promoting� prevention� can� have� significant� short,� medium� and� long� term� positive� indirect� and�cumulative� impacts� for� the� environment� as� they� target� both� reduced� waste,� and� consequently� a� reduced�requirement� to� manage� waste� (through� collection,� transportion,� pre�treatment� and� final� treatment).� In�addition�resource�efficiency�which�sees�materials�reused�and�recycled�rather�than�being�discarded�as�waste�in�the� first� place.� � This� too� has� indirect� positive� effects� for� the� environment� through� reduced� resource�consumption�and�reduced�need�for�transport�and�processing�of�materials�for�the�consumer�market.��This�may�result�in�short�to�medium�term�negative�impacts�for�some�aspects�of�MA�as�markets�shift�away�from�resource�consumption�to�reuse.��The�Waste�Framework�Directive�puts�prevention�at�the�pinnacle�of�the�waste�hierarchy�as� it� is�better�not�to�create� waste� if� possible.� In� the� EC� Waste� Directive� Regulations� the� definition� of� waste� prevention� was�“measures,� taken�before�a� substance,�material� or�product�has�become�a�waste,� that� reduce� the�quantity�of�waste,� the�adverse� impacts�of� the�generated�waste�and� the� content�of�harmful� substances� in�materials�and�products”.� Information� campaigns� will� have� positive� educational� impact� on� individuals� and� business� to�promote�the�concepts�of�resource�efficiency;�waste�prevention�and�preparing�for�reuse�as�best�environmental�practice.� Such� campaigns� are� required� to� educate� people� that� waste� prevention� sits� above� recycling� in� the�waste� hierarchy.� This� policy� is� particularly� positive� for� Soc� as� it� will� greatly� improve� the� promotion� of�sustainable�waste�management�at�individual,�community,�regional�and�national�levels.�Policy�Action�B.2.1:�Whilst�information�campaigns�at�a�local�level�are�required�for�individuals�and�businesses�it�is�also�vital�to�implement�regional�campaigns�on�prevention�initiatives.�This�year�at�the�national�Bloom�event�in�the�Phoenix�Park�a�waste�garden�was�commissioned,�which�focused�on�the�prevention�of�food�waste.��This�was�part� of� the� national� launch� of� the� stop� food�waste� challenge� which� the� Southern� Region� is� participating� in.�Targeting� priority� areas� to� raise� awareness� and� deliver� campaigns� will� have� positive� impacts� for� all�environmental�objectives�by�assisting�the�reduction�in�quantity�of�waste�generated�and�therefore�the�impacts�this� waste� would� have� had� on� the� environment� through� transport,� collection,� treatment� and� disposal.� The�collaboration�of�the�local�authorities�working�together�on�a�regional�basis�is�extremely�positive�in�particular�in�terms� of� the� social� objective� (Soc_1).� � The� Southern� Region� has� shown� significant� dedication� to� “greening”�events� and� festivals� and� is� a� good� demonstration� of� the� positive� impact� the� region� will� make� on� waste�

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prevention�and�ultimately�the�positive�impact�on�the�environment.Policy� Action� B.2.2:� The� dissemination� of� documentation� on� sectoral� waste� prevention� actions� and�programmes�has�overall�positive�indirect�impacts�for�all�environmental�objectives.�This�policy�is�linked�to�the�behavioural�awareness� for� individuals�and�business� in� the�region�to�ensure�that� they�have�access�to�current�documentation�to�ensure�that�their�knowledge�is�up�to�date�on�waste�prevention.�Policy�Action�B.2.3:�The�EC�report�on�Resource�Efficient�Europe�outlined�how�“changing�consumption�patterns�of�purchasers,�both�private�and�public,�will�help�drive� resource�efficiency”�and�“consumers�can�save�costs�by�avoiding� waste� themselves� and� buying� products� that� last,� or� that� can� easily� be� repaired� or� recycled”.�Comprehensive�education�and�awareness�programmes�use�a�variety�of�established�networks,�traditional�and�new�media�to�deliver�campaigns�which�progresses�the�development�of�awareness�on�waste�prevention.��In�the�Southern� Region� the� Green� Schools� programme� is� very� active� amongst� schools� providing� support� to� the�schools�to�and�informing�the�next�generation�of�individuals�on�resource�efficiency.�This�demonstrates�a�bottom�up� approach� in� changing� attitudes� to� waste� prevention� and� has� an� indirect� positive� impact� on� all�environmental� objectives.� The� Southern� Region� has� seen� significant� progress� in� waste� prevention� with�householders�and�community�groups�through�a�range�of�initiatives�such�as�the�tidy�towns,�compost�schemes,�hazardous� household� waste� prevention� and� biodiversity� projects� (e.g.� Greener� Cleaning� Guide,� Greener�gardening� Guide)� which� all� have� indirect� positive� impacts� on� the� environment� in� particular� BFF,� PHH,� Soil,�Water�and�Soc.�Policy� Action� B.2.4:� This� action� is� directed� at� the� local� authority� offices� but� is� not� specific� in� terms� of� the�measures�and�systems�referenced.��As�noted�in�the�other�related�policy�actions,�waste�prevention�has�overall�indirect�positive�impacts�for�all�environmental�objectives�over�the�short,�medium�and�longer�terms.��This�policy�action� will� ensure� that� local� authorities� not� only� promote� best� practice� but� also� operate� to� best� practice�standards�providing�an�evidence�base�for�reference�in�their�awareness�and�training�within�the�community.����Cumulative�Impacts:�Education�and�awareness�driven�from�the�bottom�up�provides�significant�opportunity�for�positive�cumulative� impacts�over� the�short,�medium�and� long� term.� �Households,�communities,� schools�and�businesses� all� implementing� small� changes� derived� from� these� education� and� awareness� campaigns� could�cumulatively�have�a�very�significant�impact�on�prevention.��Mitigation�Measures:�Policy�Action�B.2.2�would�benefit�from�the�addition�of�environmental�legislation�relating�to�the�EU�Habitats�and�Birds�Directive�and�transposing� Irish�Legislation�to�ensure�all�Local�Authorities�within�the�region�are�aware�of�the�obligations�to�carry�out�AA.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� B.3� Build�and�maintain�a�strong�partnership�with�the�National�Waste�Prevention�Programme

Policy�Action� B.3.1� Establish�regional�and�local�structures�and�networks�through�the�regional�office�to�ensure�

effective,�consistent�and�practical�co�ordination�and�implementation�of�NWPP�initiatives.�

Policy�Action� B.3.2�

Work�with�the�committee�and�management�team�of�the�NWPP�to�contribute�to�the�development�of�the�programme’s�initiatives�and�to�report�on�the�effectiveness�of�

implementation�and�funding�at�regional�and�local�levels.����

SEA�Objective*� Policy�B.3 Policy�Action�B.3.1 Policy�Action�B.3.2BFF_1� + + +�BFF_2� 0 0 0�PHH_1� + + +�PHH_2� 0 0 0�Soil_1� + + +�

Water_1� + + +�

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AQ_1� + + +�CF_1� + + +�MA_1� + + +�MA_2� 0 0 0�CH_1� + + +�

LandS_1� + + +�Soc_1� + + +�

Discussion�Policy� B.3:� This� policy� provides� a� focus� on� developing� strong� links� with� the� National� Waste� Prevention�Programme�(NWPP).�This�programme�was�set�up�with�the�objective�of�delivering�substantive�results�on�waste�prevention�and�minimisation�for�both�hazardous�and�non�hazardous�waste�arisings.�The�programme,�which�is�managed�by�the�EPA,�has�published�its�fourth�iteration,�Towards�a�Resource�Efficient�Ireland,�which�will�run�to�2020.� This� programme� includes� a� range� of� initiatives� addressing� awareness� raising,� technical� and� financial�assistance,� training�and� incentive�mechanisms.� �There�are�a�number�of�programmes�and�activities�developed�under� the� NWPP,� all� brought� together� under� ‘Be� Green’.� It� includes� guides� aimed� at� shopping� centres,�restaurants,� hotels� etc.,� programmes� such� as� Green� Healthcare,� Stop� Food� Waste� Programme� and� resource�efficiency�programmes�such�as�FreeTrade�Ireland.��This�policy�is�positive�in�relation�to�the�SEA�objectives�as�a�strong�partnership�with�the�NWPP�would�assist�in�a�transtistion�towards� improved�prevention�and�minimisation�of�waste�which�would� in�turn�result� in�a�reduced�amount� of� waste� requiring� to� be� managed.� � This� would� have� indirect� positive� impacts� on� all� environmental�receptors.�The�NPPW�has�demonstrated�impressive�returns�on�its�projects�in�2012,�for�example�Green�Business�Initiative�had�an�investment�of�€0.34m�which�provided�potential�savings�of�€3m.�In�2013,�17�businesses�across�the�Southern�Waste�Region�availed�of�assistance�from�Green�Business.�Green�Business�also�conducts�an�annual�workshop� programme� and� in� 2012� six� of� these� took� place� in� the� SR� attended� by� over� 150� delegates.� These�workshops� provide� businesses� with� an� introduction� to� resource� management� through� preventing� waste,�reducing�energy�and�water�consumption,�reducing�business�costs�and�improving�competiveness.�Policy�Action�B.3.1:�This�policy�action�will�have�overall�positive�impacts�for�all�environmental�objectives�as�the�action�is�focused�on�establishment�of�structures�and�networks�in�the�Southern�Region�to�encourage�prevention.�With� the� establishment� of� these� structures� and� networks� there� will� be� better� implementation� of� NWPP�initiatives� which� will� improve� waste� prevention� and� minimisation� and� thereby� have� positive� impacts� on� the�receiving�environment�over�the�short�medium�and�longer�term.�Policy� Action� B.3.2:� This� policy� action� will� have� positive� indirect� impacts� for� the� majority� of� environmental�objectives.� � The� policy� action� will� contribute� to� the� development� of� prevention� initiatives� which� in� turn� will�result�in�reduced�pressures�on�the�environment�arising�from�managementof�waste.�Within�the�Southern�Region�the�Freetrade�Ireland�initiative�provides�one�example�of�the�positive�impact�that�these�programmes�can�have�on� the� environment.� There�has� been� a� diversion� of� 4,035�kg� of� waste� within� the�Region� and� 185kg� of� items�have�been�reused.�Had�the�waste�not�been�reused� it�would�have�been�transported�and�treated�which�would�have�potentially�had�knock�on�negative�effects�on�AQ,�CF,�BFF,�Water,�Soil,�LandS�and�CH.��Cumulative�Impacts:�There�will�be�positive�effects�on�the�environment�overall�from�a�strong�partnership�with�the�NWPP�and�the�policy�actions�will�assist�with�enforcing�and�maintaining�this�partnership.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� B.4�Harmonise�prevention�activities�in�the�region�to�link�with�the�national�hazardous�

management�plan,�producer�responsibility�operations�and�other�related�programmes�(such�as�litter,�sludge,�water�etc.).�

Policy�Action� B.4.1�

Promote�the�prevention�of�hazardous�wastes�to�households,�communities�and�small�businesses�building�on�effective�initiatives�and�disseminating�best�practise�throughout�the�

region.�

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Policy�Action� B.4.2� Work�with�manufacturers,�designers,�compliance�schemes,�and�national�authorities�on�the�

development�of�waste�prevention�measures�for�products�and�services.�Policy�Action� B.4.3� Collaborate�with�other�national�authorities�and�agencies�delivering�communication�and�

information�campaigns�to�include�messaging�on�waste�prevention�and�recycling.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�B.4� Policy�Action�B.4.1 Policy�Action�B.4.2� Policy�Action�B.4.3BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + + +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�B.4:�A�joint�approach�to�waste�prevention�across�a�number�of�programmes�will�ensure�a�co�ordinated�best�practice�approach�throughout�the�region.�This�policy�action�will�strengthen�and�support�the�implementation�of�EU� and� national� waste� and� related� environmental� policy,� legislation,� plans,� guidance� &� codes� of� practice� to�ensure�implementation�is�consistent�across�various�sectors,�thereby�having�a�potential�positive� indirect� impact�on� the� environment� and� SEA� Objectives.� � Harmonising� prevention� activities� places� a� greater� emphasis� on�optimising�resource�efficiency,�prevention�of�waste�generation�in�a�co�ordinated�and�more�sustainable�manner�and�provide�for�greater�integration�across�the�various�waste�sectors.�The�EPA�recently�published�the�3rd�National�Hazardous�Waste�Management�Plan�which�sets�out�priorities�to�improve�the�management�of�hazardous�waste�in�Ireland.��Their�priority�actions�include�in�the�first� instance�the�prevention�of�hazardous�waste.� � In�addition,�the�plan� seeks� to� improve� Ireland’s� self�sufficiency� for� the� management� hazardous� waste� and� continued�identification� and� regulation� of� legacy� issues,� such� as� the� remediation� of� historic� unregulated� waste� disposal�sites.��A�key�aspect�of�the�plan�is�the�continuation�of�prevention�projects�to�reduce�the�generation�of�hazardous�waste�in�certain�priority�sectors,�led�by�the�EPA�through�the�NWPP�including�coordination�with�the�RWMP.�Policy�Action�B.4.1:�This�policy�focuses�directly�on�the�prevention�of�hazardous�wastes�which�are�generated�by�all� sectors� of� Irish� society,� from� large� industry,� healthcare� to� small� businesses,� households� and� farms.� Large�quantities� of� hazardous� waste� are� generated,� and� there� is� scope� to� reduce� this� generation� of� waste� through�waste� prevention� programmes.� � Hazardous� waste� has� significant� potential� to� negatively� impact� on� the�environment,� particularly� our� soils,� water� (surface� and� ground� waters)� and� air� resources.� � The� export� of� such�wastes�for�treatment�and�disposal�abroad�also�have�negative�impacts�for�AQ�and�CF�as�well�as�BFF�and�PHH,�and�water�arising�from�shipping�and�road�transport.��Successful�prevention�programmes�will�reduce�these�impacts.�Policy�Action�B.4.2:�This�policy�action�is�intended�to�take�a�pro�active�approach�to�working�with�industry�to�find�solutions�to�reduce�the� impact�of�products�and�services� in�terms�of�preventing�waste�and�addressing�the�type�and� quantity� of� waste� generated.� � This� action� is� complementary� to� the� toolkit� of� education� and� awareness�actions�already�discussed�as�it�focuses�at�the�start�of�the�supply�chain�where�change�in�behaviour�and�attitudes�can�have�the�strongest�effect.��The�development�of�waste�prevention�measures�will�have�positive�impacts�on�the�environmental�objectives,�particularly�MA�and�Soc.�Policy� Action� B.4.3:� This� policy� action� is� focused� on� broadening� the� reach� around� comunication� on� waste�prevention� and� recycling� by� collaborating� across� a� wider� sectorial� base� with� other� national� authorities� and�agencies�to�include�the�waste�prevention�message.��By�collaborating�with�other�national�authorities�it�will�allow�

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for�greater�resource�efficiencies�and�co�ordinated�messaging�across�various�sectors�and�organisations�resulting�in�indirect�positive�impacts�for�the�majority�of�environmental�objectives.��Additional�benefits�could�be�garnered�if�the�messaging�included�information�on�the�impacts�of�waste�on�society�and�ecosystem�services.�Cumulative�Impacts:�Positive� impacts�on�the�environment�through�the�collaboration�between�authorities�such�as�Irish�Water,�local�authorities,�the�EPA�and�SEAI�to�jointly�focus�on�waste�prevention.�Mitigation�Measures:�Policy� B.4.3� would� benefit� from� messaging� around� the� impact� of� waste� on� society� and�ecosystem�services� to� raise�awareness�across� the� region�of�why�waste�prevention�and�proper�management� is�vital�to�environment�and�human�health.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

8.3.3 Policy�Actions�C�–�Resource�Efficiency�and�the�Circular�Economy�

Policy� C.1� Establish�reuse,�repair,�and�preparing�for�reuse�activities�and�networks�to�recirculate�and�extend�the�lifespan�of�items�

Policy�Action� C.1.1� Engage�with�and�facilitate�enterprises�in�the�development�of�repair�and�preparing�for�reuse�

activities.�

Policy�Action� C.1.2�

Review�the�operation�of�CA�sites�to�facilitate�the�segregation�of�materials�for�reuse�at�local�authority�controlled�civic�amenity�sites�(WEEE�will�be�considered�subject�to�discussion�and�

agreement�with�the�compliance�schemes).�Policy�Action� C.1.3� Engage�with�the�Community�Reuse�Network�Ireland�(CRNI)�and�other�similar�networks�to�

develop�a�network�of�reuse�/�upcycling�activities�and�promotional�events.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�C.1� Policy�Action�C.1.1� Policy�Action�C.1.2� Policy�Action�C.1.3�

BFF_1� +/�� +/� + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +/�� +/� + +�PHH_2� 0� 0 + +�Soil_1� +/�� +/� + +�

Water_1� +/�� +/� + +�AQ_1� +/�� +/� + +�CF_1� +/�� +/� + +�MA_1� +/�� +/� + +�MA_2� +/�� +/� + +�CH_1� +/�� +/� + +�

LandS_1� +/�� +/� + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�C.1:� Overall� Policy� C.1� is� applying� the� waste� hierarchy� which� seeks� to� move� away� from� landfill� as� an�option� for� waste� management� and� instead� focuses� on� reuse� of� materials� where� possible� to� prevent� them�becoming� waste� in� the� first� place.� The� reuse,� repair,� refurbishing� and� recycling� of� existing� materials� is�contained�within�the�new�EU�model�of�a�circular�economy,�shifting�away�from�the�take�make�dispose� linear�model.��It�fundamentally�considers�waste�as�a�resource�which�can�be�recirculated�into�the�system.��Commodity� prices� have� increased� across� the� globe� and� therefore� the� demand� for� resources� has� increased�driving� up� prices� and� heightening� the� pressure� on� resources.� � This� has� intensified� the� focus� on� the� circular�economy�which�is�vital�for�Ireland�as�even�with�economic�downturn�Ireland�is�one�of�the�highest�consumers�of�

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materials�per�capital�in�the�EU.��A�recent�EPA�report�indicated�that�Ireland’s�consumption�was�25.5�tonnes�per�person�compared�to�the�EU�average�of�16.5�tonnes.�Therefore�this�policy�is�particularly�positive�in�relation�to�social�objective�(Soc)�in�the�promotion�of�sustainable�development.���In�addition�to�the�long�term�benefits�reuse,�repair�and�refurbishing�offers�in�reducing�the�quantity�of�waste�to�be� managed,� in� the� short� term� it� reduces� the� environmental� impacts� associated� with� resource� use� by�promoting� the� reuse� of� goods� where� possible.� By� focussing� on� reuse,� this� policy� will� have� overall� positive�medium� to� long�term�positive� effects,� however� it� is� acknowledged� that� a� shift� in� attitude�and� behaviours� is�needed�in�parallel�if�industry�is�to�respond�with�products�and�materials�that�can�be�more�readily�reused.��It�is�recognised�that�in�parallel�to�the�positive�impacts�experienced�for�the�majority�of�environmental�receptors�associated� with� reduced� resource� consumption,� reuse� of� materials� may� give� rise� to� some� negative� impacts�associated� with� the� operation� of� such� activities.� To� date,� such� activities� have� not� fallen� under� an� specific�permitting� regime� and� there� is� therefore� potential� for� direct� short,� medium� and� long� term� impacts� to� the�environment,� particular� PHH,� BFF,� soils,� water,� AQ,� LandS� and� CH� as� a� result� of� these� activities,� particularly�where� parts� /� materials� not� required� for� re�use� may� ultimately� become� or� return� to� waste� and� need� to� be�discarded� appropriately.� � Inappropriate� disposal� has� the� same� potential� for� negative� impacts� as� any� illegal�dumping� of� waste� material� with� risk� to� soils,� surface� water� and� groundwater� in� particular.� � There� is� also�potential�for�negative�impacts�to�PHH�in�relation�to�health�and�safety�of�repair�of�electrical�and�other�similar�goods.�Policy�Action�C.1.1:�As�with�Policy�C.1,�the�development�of�enterprises�in�the�area�of�repair�and�preparing�for�reuse�will�have�significant�positive�effects�for�the�environment�with�less�resource�usage�and�less�generation�of�waste�for�management�at�lower�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy.�The�encouragement�to�facilitate�enterprises�that�repair�and�reuse�will�have�lasting�positive�impacts�especially�in�relation�to�the�social�objective���Soc.�To�build�on�existing� programmes� such� as� FreeTrade� Ireland� and� the� Community� Reuse� Network� or� to� develop� new�programmes�that�reduce�our�waste�consumption�will�have�lasting�positive�impacts.��However�as�with�Policy�C.1,�there�is�potential�for�negative�impacts�associated�with�this�policy�action�as�much�of�the�activity�in�this�arena�currently�sits�outside�of�any�waste�authorisation.��This�is�of�particular�concern�where�parts�/�materials�not�required�for�re�use�may�ultimately�become�or�return�to�waste�and�need�to�be�discarded�appropriately.� � Inappropriate�disposal�has�the�same�potential� for�negative� impacts�as�any� illegal�dumping�of�waste� material� with� risk� to� soils,� surface� water� and� groundwater� in� particular.� � There� is� also� potential� for�negative�impacts�to�PHH�in�relation�to�health�and�safety�of�repair�of�electrical�and�other�similar�goods.�Policy�Action�C.1.2:�This�policy� is�focused�on�reviewing�the�activities�at�the�CA�sites�to�ensure�that�materials�are�been�segregated�for�reuse.��Proper�and�focussed�segregation�of�materials�will�facilitate�relationships�with�community� reuse� networks� which� can� then� rely� on� a� suitable� supply� of� materials� for� their� enterprise.� � By�removing�this�material�for�reuse�there�are�positive�impacts�for�the�majority�of�environmental�objectives�as�it�reduces�the�quantity�of�material�requiring�management�at�lower�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy.��Policy� Action� C.1.3:� Engagement� with� existing� networks� in� relation� to� reuse� and� upcycling� activities� in�communities�will�help�promote� this� tier�of� the�waste�hierarchy.� �Reuse�and�upcycling�have�the�potential� for�overall�positive�impacts�for�the�environment�by�preventing�products�and�materials�going�to�waste�in�the�first�instance.��This�reduces�pressure�on�resource�consumption�with�knock�on�direct�and�indirect�positive�impacts�for�AQ,�CF,�BFF,�water,�soils,�CH,�LandS�and�PHH�from�the�replacement�of�these�materials�and�products�(virgin�materials�use,�processing,�transport)�and�also�the�positive�impacts�associated�with�reduced�need�for�collection,�transport,�treatment�and�disposal�of�wastes�once�discarded.�The�policy�will�also�assist�Ireland’s�future�targets�of�“preparing�for�reuse�and�recycling�rate�of�60�70%�of�municipal�waste�by�the�end�of�2030”.��Cumulative�Impacts:�There�is�a�positive� long�term�cumulative� impact�of�both�waste�prevention�and�reduced�resource�consumption�arising�from�this�policy�and�associated�policy�actions.���Mitigation�Measures:�Negative� impacts�associated�with�Policy�C.1�and�Policy�Action�C1.1� relate� to�potential�impacts�associated�with�reuse�and�preparing�for�reuse�activities�operating�outside�of�any�permitting�regime.��A�Code� of� Practice� should� therefore� be� prepared� for� the� Re�use� and� Preparation� for� Re�use� sector� and� this�should�be�rolled�out�alongside�an�education�and�awareness�campaign�at�the�local�level�to�assist�operators�in�delivering�a�positive�sustainable�service�overall.��Registration�of�activities�should�also�be�considered.���*Key:� � BFF� –� Biodiversity,� Flora� and� Fauna;� PHH� –� Population,� Human�Health;� AQ� –� Air� Quality;� CF� –� Climatic� Factors;�MA� –�Material�Assets;;�CH�–�Cultural�Heritage;�LandS�–�Landscape;�Soc�–�Social.�

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Policy� C.2� Optimise�the�value�of�recycled�and�residual�waste�resources�in�the�system�to�turn�these�materials�into�reliable�sources�of�secondary�raw�materials�for�reprocessing�and�recovery.�

Policy�Action� C.2.1� Introduce�bylaws,�consistent�across�the�region,�to�maximise�the�quantity�and�quality�of�

recyclable�waste�collected.���Policy�Action� C.2.2� Produce�a�Code�of�Practice�for�Local�Authority�authorised�facilities�to�maximise�the�quantity�

and�quality�of�material�produced.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�C.2� Policy�Action�C.2.1�Policy�Action

C.2.2�BFF_1� +/�� +/� +�BFF_2� +� + +�PHH_1� +/�� + +�PHH_2� +� + +�Soil_1� +/�� + +�

Water_1� +/�� + +�AQ_1� +/�� +/� +�CF_1� +� +/� +�MA_1� +/�� +/� +�MA_2� +� +/� +�CH_1� +/�� + +�

LandS_1� +/�� + +�Soc_1� +� + +�

Discussion�Policy�C.2:�This�policy�recognises�the�importance�of�improving�the�quality�and�value�of�materials�collected�and�processed.� �Better�quality� secondary�material�will�have�access� to�more� realiable�end�desitination�markets�as�well�as�helping�to�support� indigenous�enterprises�requiring�quality�recyclates.� �By� improving�the�value�of�the�wastes� though� better� managment� of� how� these� materials� are� collected,� segregated� and� processed� gives�greater�scope�on�the�ultimate�end�destination�for�the�materials.� � Improving�the�markets�relating�to�recycling�and�higher�order�recovery�would�ensure�more�material�is�divertied�from�landfill�and�other�lower�tier�recovery��options�which�would�have�positive�impacts�for�AQ,�CF,�BFF,�PHH,�water,�and�soils� in�particular.� � It� is�however�recognised� that� indirect� negative� impacts� may� be� experinced� in� relation� to� export� of� these� materials.�Reprocessing�facilities�such�as�mills�for�waste�paper�are�not�generally�available�in�Ireland�as�studies�have�shown�that�Ireland�does�not�have�the�appropriate�volume�of�waste�to�sustain�facilities�of�the�size�and�nature�required�to�be�financially�viable.�The�development�of�recycling�processing�facilities�in�Ireland�is�expected�to�increase�over�the�period�primarily�in�the�area�of�biological�treatment.��Negative�impacts�associated�with�exports�include�AQ�and�CF�resulting�from�transport�and�BFF�and�water�in�relation�to�shipping�and�water�quality.�Policy�Action�C.2.1:�This�policy�action�relates�to�management�controls�to�develop�a�consistency�in�quality�and�quantity�of�materials�collected.��It�is�not�anticipated�to�have�significant�direct�effects�on�the�environment�but�may�give�rise�to�indirect�positive�effects�in�relation�to�diversion�of�material�from�landfill.��Policy� Action� C.2.2:� This� policy� action� relates� to� management� controls,� the� details� of� which� are� not� yet�available.��Overall�it�is�anticipated�that�this�action�would�be�broadly�positive�for�the�majority�of�environmental�objectives�as�it�will� improve�both�the�quantity�of�material�captured�and�its�quality.��This�will� in�turn�feed�into�recycling�markets�(indigenous�and�abroad)�and�allow�greater�rates�of�diversion�into�this�tier.�Cumulative� Impacts:�Cumulative� impacts� to� AQ� and� CF� as� well� as� BFF� and� water� associated� with� export� of�improved� quality� recycled� materials� abroad.� � A� considerable� quantity� of� residual� wastes� in� Ireland� are� also�exported� for� recovery� etc.� and� this� may� increase� the� transport� associated� with� Irelands� overall� waste�management� approach� however,� it� is� noted� that� other� polices� seek� to� improve� self�sufficiency� in� thermal�recovery�which�may�offset�some�of�this�international�transport.�

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Mitigation�Measures:�The�Code�of�Practice�referenced�in�C2.2 should�include�reference�to�site�management�for�the�protection�of�human�health�and�the�environment�with�particular� focus�on�pathways�to�groundwater�and�surface�water�from�storage�of�segregated�materials.�*Key:� � BFF� –� Biodiversity,� Flora� and� Fauna;� PHH� –� Population,� Human�Health;� AQ� –� Air� Quality;� CF� –� Climatic� Factors;�MA� –�Material�Assets;;�CH�–�Cultural�Heritage;�LandS�–�Landscape;�Soc�–�Social.�

Policy� C.3� Identify�and�promote�the�growth�of�secondary�material�markets�and�enterprises�in�the�region�through�regional�and�local�supports.�

Policy�Action� C.3.1�

Liaise�and�support�with�Economic�Development�Departments�of�local�authorities�in�the�identification�of�enterprises�and�potential�clusters�of�enterprises�for�the�development�of�

secondary�material�markets�

SEA�Objective*� C.3 C.3.1�BFF_1� +/� +/��BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� +/� +/��PHH_2� 0 0�Soil_1� +/� +/��

Water_1� +/� +/��AQ_1� +/� +/��CF_1� +/� +/��MA_1� +/� +/��MA_2� +/� +/��CH_1� +/� +/��

LandS_1� +/� +/��Soc_1� + +/��

Discussion�Policy� C.3:� Ireland’s� annual� expenditure� on� materials� is� between� €40� to� €50� billion� and� therefore� it� is�recognised�that�national�patterns�of�production�and�consumption�must�change�and�Ireland�has�to�shift�to�a�new�economic�model.�The�promotion�of�growth�in�the�secondary�materials�markets�is�positive�in�relation�to�the� sustainable� management� of� waste� and� particularly� the� social� objective� �Soc.� In� addition� there� is� the�potential� to� reduce� our� waste� exports� and� have� positive� impacts� on� MA,� through� minimisation� of�international�transport�should�markets�and�enterprises�within�the�region�or�nationally�be�identified�that�can�utilise�the�waste�streams.��Current� programmes� such� as� Rx3� (rethink,� recycle,� remake)� and� SMILE� have� proved� vital� to� developing�markets�for�recyclables�in�Ireland�in�line�with�government�policy.�A�range�of�stakeholder�organisations�have�been�involved�across�both�the�public�and�private�sectors�with�a�primary�focus�on�paper,�plastics�and�organics.��As� noted� in� Policy� C.2,� reprocessing� facilities� such� as� mills� for� waste� paper� are� not� generally� available� in�Ireland�as�studies�have�shown�that�Ireland�does�not�have�the�appropriate�volume�of�waste�to�sustain�facilities�of�the�size�and�nature�required�to�be�financially�viable.�The�development�of�recycling�processing�facilities�in�Ireland�is�expected�to� increase�over�the�period�primarily� in�the�area�of�biological�treatment.� �The�plan�does�not� deal� with� the� type� of� location� of� such� facilities� and� as� such� environmental� impacts� cannot� be� further�identified.�Policy� Action� C.3.1:� This� policy� is� specifically� focusing� on� liaising� with� the� Economic� Development�Departments�to�identify�opportunities�for�enterprises�in�the�secondary�material�markets�and�this�will�have�a�broadly�positive�impact�for�MA�in�particular.�Cumulative� Impacts:� Identification� of� opportunities� for� enterprises� in� the� secondary� material� markets� has�

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potential�to�have�a�cumulative�positive�impact�on�SEA�objectives�relating�to�population,�material�assets�and�social�as�it�provides�for�improved�sustainability�whilst�also�providing�cost�savings�and�resource�efficiencies�to�industry.�Mitigation�Measures:�Negative�impacts�associated�with�Policy�C.3�relate�to�potential�impacts�associated�with�enterprises�operating�outside�a�permitting�regime.��To�offset�these�impacts�it�is�recommended�that�a�Code�of�Practice� be� generated� to� guide� development� of� enterprises� in� a� sustainable� manner� which� protects� the�environment�and�human�health.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� C.4� Contribute�to�the�greening�of�public�procurement�in local�authorities�through�the�inclusion�of�resource�efficient�criteria�in�all�tendering�processes�related�to�waste�plan�activities.�

Policy�Action� C.4.1� Prepare�resource�efficiency�criteria�for�local�authority�waste�related�contracts.�

Policy�Action� C.4.2� Implement�a�systematic�engagement�with�local�/�regional�local�authority�procurement�

officers�to�ensure�the�inclusion�of�Resource�Efficiency�Criteria�in�Contracts.�

SEA�Objective* C.4 C.4.1 C.4.2�BFF_1� + + +�BFF_2� 0 0 0�PHH_1� + + +�PHH_2� + + +�Soil_1� + + +�

Water_1� + + +�AQ_1� + + +�CF_1� + + +�MA_1� + + +�MA_2� + + +�CH_1� + + +�

LandS_1� + + +�Soc_1� + + +�

DiscussionPolicy�C.4:�Overall�Policy�C.4�and�Policy�Actions�C4.1�and�C4.2�aim�to� improve�resource�efficiency�and�green�procurement� in� the� public� sector� contracts/tendering� process.� These� policies� will� improve� the� process�whereby� public� and� semi�public� authorities� meet� their� needs� for� goods,� services,� works� and� utilities� by�choosing�solutions�that�have�a�reduced�impact�on�the�environment�throughout�their�life�cycle,�as�compared�to�alternative� products/solutions.� The� policies� will� help� meet� the� 50%� target� set� in� the� Departments� of�Environment,�Community�and�Local�Government� (DECLG)�and�Public�Expenditure�and�Reform� (DPER)�Green�Public�Procurement�Action�Plan,�Green�Tenders�published�in�January�2012.�Green�public�procurement�recognises�the�purchasing�power�of�public�sector�and�can�bring�about�efficiencies�in�resource� use,� cost� saving� and� environmental� benefits.� � Examples� include� energy� efficient� computers,� fuel�efficient�vehicles�and�sustainable�construction�materials.���This�policy�is�positive�will�have�indirect�positive�impacts�for�the�majority�of�environmental�objectives�as�it�will�ensure� that� resource� efficiency� (including� in� relation� to� waste� generation)� is� built� into� the� GPP� criteria� for�tendering.� The� RWMP� has� a� number� of� mandatory� targets� for� different� waste� streams� e.g.� 60�70%� reuse,�recycling�and�materials� recovery�rate�target� for�non�soil�and�stone�construction�and�demolition�waste�to�be�

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achieved�by�2020.�The�State� is�currently�exceeding�this�target�by�a�considerable�distance�with�a�rate�of�97%�recorded�in�2012.�It�is�imperative�that�these�targets�are�met�or�exceeded�to�ensure�continued�positive�impacts�on�the�environment.�Policy�Action�C.4.1:�As�with�Policy�C.4,�this�policy�action�has�a�broadly�positive�impact�on�the�environmental�objectives�by�ensuring�that�local�authority�contracts�have�resource�efficiency�criteria�considered.��Policy�Action�C.4.2:�As�with�Policy�C.4�this�policy�action�has�a�broadly�positive� impact�on�the�environmental�objectives� by� ensuring� that� there� is� engagement� with� local� and� regional� authority� procurement� officers� to�ensure� consistency� in� approaches� and� a� sharing� of� knowledge� will� have� positive� long� term� impacts� on� the�environment.�Cumulative� Impacts:� Improvements� to� resource� efficiency� and� green� procurement� will� have� cumulatively�positive� impacts� on� all� the� environmental� objectives� as� it� will� complement� the� other� resource� efficiency�policies�and�policy�actions�contained�in�the�RWMP.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

8.3.4 Policy�Actions�D�–�Coordination�

Policy� D.1�The�Lead�Authority�on�behalf�of�the�region�will�participate�in�the�national�waste�co�

ordination�group�and�other�national�groups�relevant�to�the�implementation�of�the�waste�management�plan�

Policy�Action� D.1.1� Participate�in�relevant�national�groups�to�formulate�waste�policy�and�practice.�

SEA�Objective*� D.1 D.1.1�BFF_1 + +�BFF_2 0 0�PHH_1� + +�PHH_2� + +�Soil_1 + +�

Water_1� + +�AQ_1 + +�CF_1 + +�MA_1 + +�MA_2 + +�CH_1 + +�

LandS_1� + +�Soc_1 + +�

Discussion�Policy�D.1:�The�participation�of�the�lead�authority�of�the�Southern�Regions�in�the�national�waste�co�ordination�group�and� in�other�key�national�groups� is�positive�as� it�brings�a�more�holistic�and�efficient�approach�to�the�implementation�of�the�RWMPs.�Historically�ten�waste�regions�existed�but�this�has�now�been�rationalised�to�three�regions�which�facilitates�greater�ease�of�co�ordination,�reduced�administration�and�improved�resource�use.�Policy�Action�D.1.1�The�presence�of�a�high�level�group�of�key�stakeholders�brings�a�new�system�of�joined�up�thinking� to� the�management�of�waste�on�a�national�and�regional� level.�The�national�co�ordination�group� in�

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conjunction�with�key�stakeholder�groups�will�take�cognisance�of�what�is�happening�on�the�ground,�what needs�to�be�addressed,�what�new�changes�are�coming�down�the�line�and�how�to�manage�and�implement�policy�in�an�effective�manner.��This�new�co�ordinated�approach�will�allow�for�more�effective�decision�making�to�occur�in�terms�of�meeting�existing�and�determining�future�policy�and�will�ensure�that�sufficient�structures�in�practice�are� in� place� to� meet� national� and� regional� needs,� avoiding� over� or� under� supply� and/or� unnecessary�replication.�There�will�be�positive�effects�from�this�policy�action�on�all�of�the�environmental�objectives.�Cumulative� Impacts:�The�participation� in�the�national�waste�co�ordination�group�and�other�national�groups�will�optimise�how�policy�and�practical�measures�are�established�in�order�to�implement�the�Southern�RWMP.�This�will�reduce�unnecessary�pressures�and�bring�positive�cumulative�environmental�effects.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social

Policy� D.2�The�Lead�authority�and�local�authorities�will�work�together�on�the�structures�required�to�implement�the�waste�plan,�capacity�building,�training�and�knowledge�share�on�delivering�

waste�management�activities.�

Policy�Action� D.2.1�

Establish�and�maintain�funded�Regional�Waste�Management�Office�and�the�requisite�structures�(including�admin,�technical�&�communication)�to�implement�national�and�regional�

policy.�Policy�Action� D.2.2� Establish�or�maintain�a�Regional�Co�Ordinator,�Regional�Resource�Efficiency�Officer,�Regional�

Prevention�Officer,�Technical�Officer�and�administrative�support.�Policy�Action� D.2.3� Identify�training�needs�and�coordinate�future�shared�training�to�develop�knowledge�and�

expertise�at�Regional�&�Local�Level.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�D.2� Policy�Action�D.2.1�

Policy�Action�D.2.2�

Policy�Action�D.2.3�

BFF_1� + + + +�BFF_2� 0 0 0 0�PHH_1� + + + +�PHH_2� + + + +�Soil_1� + + + +�

Water_1� + + + +�AQ_1� + + + +�CF_1� + + + +�MA_1� + + + +�MA_2� + + + +�CH_1� + + + +�

LandS_1� + + + +�Soc_1� + + + +�

Discussion�Policy�D.2:�This�policy�is�a�next�step�in�the�effective�delivery�of�the�RWMP.�It�refers�to�the�implementation�of�a� top� down� approach� and� structures� required� to� implement� national� and� regional� policy� which� will� have�positive� effects� on� the� environmental� objectives.� The� assignment� of� defined� structures,� roles� and� training�requirements� is� essential� to� an� effective� management� process� and� coupled� with� training� and� knowledge�sharing,�will�create�efficiency�and�prevent�unnecessary�overlap.�Policy�Action�D.2.1:�Maintaining�a�central�Regional�Waste�Management�Office�and�structures�is�positive�for�

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all�the�environmental�objectives.� It�will� facilitate�easier�communication�among�team�members�and�bring�an�overall�general�efficiency�to�the�Southern�Region.�Policy� Action� D.2.2:� The� team� roles� outlined� for� the� Regional� Waste� Management� Office� will� provide� for�overall�co�ordination,�smooth�operations�and�support�and�promote�the�top�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy.�This�action�will�have�positive�impacts,�in�particular�with�objective�13�Soc�which�promotes�sustainable�management�of� waste� at� an� individual,� community,� regional� and� national� level.� This� will� in� turn� have� indirect� positive�effects�on�the�other�objectives.�Policy�Action�D.2.3:�Targeted�training�and�knowledge�sharing�will�produce�highly�skilled�staff�with�the�ability�to� use� their� expertise� to� carry� out� the� policies� and� actions� within� the� Southern� RWMP.� This� method� of�targeted�training�and�skill�sharing�is�an�effective�working�method�and�will�make�the�most�of�resources�which�in�turn�has�a�positive�impact�on�the�environment.�Cumulative�Impacts:�The�policy�and�policy�actions�have�identified�positive�impacts�on�the�environment�and�therefore�potential�cumulative�impacts�will�be�positive�from�the�establishment�of�personnel�and�a�structure�to�conduct�regional�waste�management.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�*Key:��BFF�–�Biodiversity,�Flora�and�Fauna;�PHH�–�Population,�Human�Health;�AQ�–�Air�Quality;�CF�–�Climatic�Factors;�MA�–�Material�Assets;�CH�–�Cultural�Heritage;�LandS�–�Landscape;�Soc�–�Social.�

Policy� D.3�Foster�links�and�activities�with�relevant�stakeholders�including�businesses�and�Industry�

Groups,�NGO’s�and�other�relevant�networks�(including�cross�bordering�networks)�to�extend�the�reach�of�the�plan.�

Policy�Action� D.3.1� Establish�partnerships�to�build�knowledge�capacity�and�to�promote�higher�order�waste�

activities�(prevention,�reuse,�resource�efficiency�and�recycling).�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�D.3 Policy�Action�D.3.1BFF_1� + +�BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� + +�PHH_2� + +�Soil_1� + +�

Water_1� + +�AQ_1� + +�CF_1 + +�MA_1� + +�MA_2� + +�CH_1 + +�

LandS_1� + +�Soc_1� + +�

Discussion�Policy�D.3:�The�development�of�strategic�relationships�and�focus�on�areas�of�mutual�interest�through�targeted�stakeholder�and�network�engagement�is�a�highly�effective�method�to�widen�the�reach�of�the�Southern�RWMP�so�the�positive�impacts�and�outputs�of�the�RWMP�are�experienced�on�a�regional,�national�and�all�island�basis.�By�establishing�a�wide�outreach�and�network�it�will�facilitate�communication�and�awareness�and�bring�a�more�cohesive�approach�to�the�overall�execution�of�the�Southern�RWMP.�Policy�Action�D.3.1:�The�use�of�partnerships�and�networks� is�a�proven�beneficial�method�of�achieving�goals�

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and� cultivating� common� objectives� of� interest.� By� establishing� frameworks� of� operation� and� knowledge�building�to�promote�prevention,�reuse,�resource�efficiency�and�recycling�it�will�have�a�positive�environmental�impact� in�particular�on�PHH_1�and�Soc�which�promotes�sustainable�management�of�waste�at�an� individual,�community,�regional,�national�and�all�island�level.�This�will�in�turn�have�indirect�positive�effects�on�the�other�objectives.�Cumulative�Impacts:�The�impact�of�the�increased�promotion�and�implementation�of�activities�at�the�top�tier�of�the�waste�hierarchy�will�be�positive�on�a�local,�regional,�national�and�all�island�level.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� D.4�Work�with�key�stakeholders,�including�government�and�industry�operators,�on�the�funding�of�local�authority�waste�activities�in�the�region�and�co�ordinate�applications�for�relevant�

national�and�European�funding.�Policy�Action� D.4.1� Review�European�and�National�calls�for�funding�in�waste,�resource�and�research�areas�to�

identify�opportunities�and�partners�in�the�Region�and�make�appropriate�applications.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�D.4 Policy�Action�D.4.1BFF_1� +/� +�BFF_2� 0 0�PHH_1� +/� +�PHH_2� + +�Soil_1� +/� +�

Water_1� +/� +�AQ_1� +/� +�CF_1� +/� +�MA_1� +/� +�MA_2� + +�CH_1� +/� +�

LandS_1� +/� +�Soc_1� + +�

Discussion�Policy�D.4:�A�formal�approach�to�funding�applications�to�support�local�authority�waste�and�resource�activities�by�identifying�relevant�partners�and�projects�in�order�to�deliver�the�Southern�RWMP�is�positive�as�a�more�co�ordinated�system�will� increase�the�probability�of�funding�success.�The�projects�carried�out�under�the�funding�should� enhance� waste� resource� management� on� a� regional� and� national� level� which� will� bring� associated�environmental� improvements.� It� is� critical� that� all� activities� carried� out� under� the� funding� call� are� fully�compliant� with� all� relevant� legislation� pertaining� to� the� particular� activity� in� question.� Any� exempted� waste�activities�should�be�given�due�attention.�Policy�Action�D.4.1:�There�are�number�of�calls�for�funding�at�national�and�EU�level�and�many�of�these�calls�are�contingent� on� a� partnership� basis.� By� identifying� the� relevant� funding� sources,� activity� and� project�opportunities�and�partners,�it�will�bring�a�clear�focus�on�the�areas�requiring�work,�define�benefits�and�set�out�how�and�who�will�carry�out�the�work.�Increased�funding�will�bring�positive�benefits�as�it�will�allow�activities�or�research� to� be� carried� out� which� may� otherwise� not� be� done.� The� Waste� Framework� Directive� establishes�principles� so�waste� activities� do� not� have� a� negative� effect� on� the� environment� and� human� health� and� it� is�considered�that�this�will�extend�to�any�project�and�any�outputs�from�the�project�work.�

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Cumulative�Impacts:�Providing�that�projects�are�carried�out�in a�compliant�manner�it�is�envisaged�that�there�should� be� positive� cumulative� effects.� However,� there� may� be� a� small� element� of� risk� regarding� exempted�activities�but�it�is�relatively�unlikely.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�Required.�

*Key:��BFF�–�Biodiversity,�Flora�and�Fauna;�PHH�–�Population,�Human�Health;�AQ�–�Air�Quality;�CF�–�Climatic�Factors;�MA�–�Material�Assets;�CH�–�Cultural�Heritage;�LandS�–�Landscape;�Soc�–�Social�

8.3.5 Policy�Actions�E�–�Infrastructure�Planning�

Market�analysis�was�undertaken�in�relation�to�existing�and�authorised�capacity�within�the�Southern�Region�and�a�number�of�policy�recommendations�were�developed�in�relation�to�future�development�of�waste�infrastructure�in�the�region.��Following�iterative�discussions�between�the�Plan�Team�and�the�SEA�/�AA�Team�a�commitment�has�been�included�in�the�draft� �Southern�RWMP�to�ensure�that�any�project� and� any� associated� works,� individually� or� in� combination� with� other� plans� or� projects,� are�subject�to�Appropriate�Assessment�Screening�to�ensure�there�are�no�likely�significant�effects�on�the�integrity� (defined� by� the� structure� and� function)� of� any� Natura� 2000� site(s)� and� that� the�requirements� of� Article� 6(3)� and� 6(4)� of� the� EU� Habitats� Directive� are� fully� satisfied.� � This� is� in�addition� to� specific� wording� in� relation� to� individual� policies� which� have� significant� potential� to�impact�on�the�Natura�2000�network.��The�inclusion�of�this�commitment�is�a�positive�example�of�how�the�SEA�/�AA�processes�have�influenced�the�plan.�

A�total�of�25�Policy�Recommendations�are�included�in�the�plan�in�relation�to�infrastructure�capacity�and� provision.� � An� assessment� matrix� covering� all� Policy� Recommendations� is� included� in� the� first�instance�and�this�is�followed�by�an�assessment�under�the�main�infrastructure�type�headings.�

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Infrastructure�Policy�Recommendations�Assessment�Matrix�continued�

SEA�Objective*� E21� E22� E23� E24� E25�

BFF_1� +/�� +/�� +/�� +� +�

BFF_2� 0� 0� 0� 0� 0�

PHH_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

PHH_2� +� +� +� +� +�

Soil_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

Water_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

AQ_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

CF_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

MA_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

MA_2� +� �� +� 0� 0�

CH_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

LandS_1� +� +/�� +/�� +� +�

Soc_1� +� +� +/�� +� +�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

8.3.5.1 Pre�Treatment�

Policy�Recommendations�E1�to�E2�

Policy� E1:� There� is� a� significant� quantity� of� unused� pre�treatment� capacity� in� the� region� and� future�authorisations�by�the�local�authorities,�the�EPA�and�An�Bord�Pleanála�must�take�account�of�the�scale�of�existing�treatments�in�the�market�prior�to�making�a�decision�on�additional�capacity.�Policy� E2:� Future� authorisation� of� pre�treatment� activities� by� local� authorities� over� the� plan� period� will� be�contingent�on�the�operator�demonstrating�that�the�treatment�is�necessary�and�the�proposed�activities�add�real�value�and�quality�to�the�output�materials�generated�at�the�site.����Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Analysis�of�pre�treatment�capacity�in�the�region�indicates�that�there�is�in�the�order�of�5.4�million�tonnes.��The�indication�is�that�pre�treatment�activities�are�prevalent�in�the�region�with�authorisations�representing�51%�of�the�active�treatment�capacity�(approximately�10.6�million�tonnes).��Utilisations�at�existing�facilities�appear�to�show�adequate�supply�(or�potential�supply)�remaining�at�existing�sites.�The�Policy�Recommendations�E1�and�E2�relating�to�pre�treatment�recognise�this�level�of�market�capacity�and�seek� to�constrain�oversupply�by�ensuring� that� the�scale�of�existing� treatments� in� the�market�are�considered�prior�to�granting�authorisation�and�/�or�planning.���Additionally� the� contribution� of� any� future� proposals� to� the� quality� of� materials� derived� from� the� pre�treatment�process� is�also�recognised.� �This� is�an� important�factor� in�securing�sustainable,�high�value�onward�markets�for�pre�treated�waste.�The�underlying�strategy�of�the�plan�aims�to�improve�the�quality�of�wastes�along�the�entire�treatment�supply�chain.��Pre�treatment�capacities�are�typically�the�first�destination�for�wastes�and�are�vital�in�extracting�and�generating�high�quality�outputs�for�the�next�treatment�step.�The� policies� are� broadly� positive� for� the� environment� as� they� ensure� that� existing� authorised� capacity� is�considered� in� the� first� instance� prior� to� developing� new� greenfield� sites.� � This� approach� has� direct� positive�

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impacts� for� all� environmental� receptors� by� recognising� the� need� for� better� co�ordination� between� the� lead�authority,�local�authorities�in�the�region,�the�EPA�and�ABP.����Policy�Recommendation�E2�does�not�preclude�new�applications�under�pre�treatment�but�does�recognise�that�quality�needs�to�be�an�important�aspect�of�the�outputs�if�markets�are�to�be�secured�for�the�material.��This�has�direct�positive�impacts�for�MA�in�particular.��Future�authorisations�do�have�the�potential�to�negatively�impact�on�the�receiving�environment�if�sited�inappropriately,�particularly�with�regard�to�PHH,�BFF�and�Water.���Future�authorisations� therefore� need� to� consider� siting� impacts� from� both� construction� and� operation� of� such�facilities�and�ensure�that�all�applications�are�accompanied�by�screening�for�Appropriate�Assessment�under�the�EU�Habitats�Directive.�Cumulative�Impacts:�By�using�and�taking�acount�of�up�existing�market�capacity where�appropriate,�cumulative�impacts�can�be�controlled�as�unnecessary�additional�infrastructure�can�be�avoided.���Mitigation� Measures:� Future� authorisations� for� pre�treatment� activities� should� include� an� assessment� of�potential�impacts�on�the�environment.��.An�AA�screening�should�be�completed�for�all�future�authorisations.�It�is�noted�that�in�Section�16.4�of�the�draft�plan�that�there�is�a�commitment�that�the�local�authorities�in�the�region�will� ensure� that� any� project� and� any� associated� works,� individually� or� in� combination� with� other� plans� or�projects,�are�subject�to�Appropriate�Assessment�Screening.����

8.3.5.2 Public�Civic�Amenities�and�Bring�Centres�

Policy�Recommendations�E3�to�E7�

Policy� E3:� The� local� authorities� in� the� region� will� maintain� and� develop� their� existing� networks� of� bring�infrastructure� (e.g.� civic� amenity� facilities,�bring� banks)� to� facilitate� the� recycling� and� recovery� of� hazardous�and�non�hazardous�municipal�wastes.�Policy� E4:� The� local� authorities� may� include� as� a� condition� of� planning� that� developers� of� commercial� and�large�scale�residential�developments�provide�bring�bank�facilities�to�serve�occupants�and�residents.�������Policy�E5:�Local�authorities�will�explore�the�possibility�of�accepting�hazardous�waste�at�existing�civic�amenity�facilities�from�small�businesses,�which�is�similar�in�nature�to�household�hazardous�wastes�currently�received.��A�charge�may�be�introduced�for�such�a�service.����Policy�E6:�The�local�authorities�will� require�waste�developers�seeking�to�develop�a�Class�10�waste�treatment�activity,�as�defined�by�the�Third�Schedule�of�the�Waste�Management�(Facility�and�Permit)�Regulations�2007�(as�amended),� to� provide� bring� facilities� for� the� acceptance� of� non�hazardous� and� hazardous� wastes� from�members�of�the�public�and�businesses.�Policy�E7:�The�local�authorities�in�the�region�will�continue�to�work�with�the�EPA�and�other�key�stakeholders�to�support�the�collection�of�hazardous�farm�waste�from�designated�bring�centres�e.g.�marts.��Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Policy�Recommendations�E3�E7�refer�to�the�delivery�of�an�improved�network�of�civic�amenity�facilities,�bring�banks.��This�infrastructure�is�a�valuable�part�of�the�household�waste�collection�infrastructure�in�the�region�and�in�2012�over�75,000tonnes�of�managed�non�kerbside�waste�was�collected�via�this�route.��An�improved�network�for� these�materials�as�outlined� in�Policies�E3�E7,�will�contribute� to�a�decrease� in�unmanaged�non�hazardous�and�hazardous�wastes.� �This�will�have�positive� impacts�on�BFF,�Soils,�Water,�AQ�and�PHH�by�ensuring� these�materials�are�collected�and�treated�appropriately,�reducing�the�risks�to�soils,�air�and�water�quality�from�illegal�dumping�and�backyard�burning.��It�also�reduces�the�quantities�of�these�materials�entering�the�residual�waste�fraction� requiring� disposal.� � This� added� prevention� aspect� also� has� positive� impacts� for� all� environmental�receptors�as�less�disposal�capacity�would�be�required.�Some� negative� impacts� are� associated� with� civic� amenity� facilities� and� bring� banks� in� terms� of� anti�social�behaviour� and� litter.� � While� a� certain� amount� of� this� can� be� addressed� through� the� planning� system� some�guidance�is�required�to�help�locate�new�bring�banks�and�to�ensure�that�existing�and�new�facilities�are�managed�appropriately�to�discourage�this�negative�behaviour.� �Litter� is�particularly�significant�as� it�can�be�transported�over�some�distance�and�cause�damage�to�terrestrial�and�aquatic�environments�as�well�as�impacting�negatively�on�visual�and�amenity.�Any�area�defined�for�collection�and�storage�of�waste,�may�have�the�potential�to�give�rise�to�contaminated�run�

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off�if�stored�inappropriately.��This�may�give�rise�to�risk�to�soils�and�water�in�particular�with�indirect�impacts�for�BFF�and�PHH.��The�accepting�of�hazardous�wastes�from�farms�and�small�businesses�further�increases�the�risk�of�negative� impacts� from� release� of� leachates,� however� it� is� noted� that� some� CA� sites� already� provide� for�collection�of�hazardous�wastes�from�householders�e.g.�batteries,�and�pilot�projects�have�been�undertaken�by�the�EPA�in�relation�to�collection�of�farm�wastes�at�local�marts�which�provide�an�evidence�base�for�this�activity.��It� is� essential� that� any� new� facilities� developed� under�Policy�Recommendations�E3�E7� fully� ensure� that� site�drainage�and�management�is�sufficient�to�fully�protect�the�soils�and�water�environment�from�run�off.��A�review�of�existing� infrastructure�which�may�be�expanded�to� take�hazardous�waste� from�small�businesses�should�be�carried�out�to�ensure�site�location�and�drainage�is�suitable�for�the�protection�of�the�environment�and�human�health�in�order�to�prevent�cumulative�negative�impacts.��Cumulative� Impacts:� Overall� positive� impacts� in� terms� of� capturing� wastes� by� ensuring� a� comprehensive�network�of�easily�accessible�facilities.���Mitigation�Measures:�New� CA� facilities� must� include� site� drainage� to� capture� all� run�off� in� line� with� siting�criteria�in�the�draft�Plan.�

8.3.5.3 Disposal�

Policy�Recommendations�E8�to�E12�

Policy�E8:�The�waste�plan�supports�the�development�of�disposal�capacity�for�the�treatment�of�hazardous�and�non�recoverable�wastes�at�existing�landfill�facilities�in�the�region�subject�to�the�appropriate�statutory�approvals�being�approved�in�line�with�the�appropriate�siting�criteria.���Policy�E9:�The�local�authorities�anticipate�disposal�capacity�for�non�hazardous�processed�residual�wastes�will�be�required�over�the�plan�period�but�there�is�no�need�for�additional�disposal�capacity�to�be�brought�on�stream�during�the�plan�period.�Policy�E10:�The�waste�plan�recognises�the�need�for�on�going�disposal�capacity�to�be�available� in�response�to�events� which� pose� a� health� risk� to� citizens,� livestock� and� the� environment� and� the� lead� authorities� of� each�region�will�monitor�available�contingent�capacity�annually.���Policy�E11:�The�local�authorities�will�consider�the�future�land�use�of�permanently�or�temporarily�closed�existing�landfill� sites� and� landfills� not� yet� opened� with� the� potential� to� develop� alternative� activities� (subject� to�amendments� to� existing� approvals� being� put� in� place).� � Any� development� proposal� shall� be� subject� to�Appropriate�Assessment�Screening�in�accordance�with�the�requirements�of�the�EU�Habitats�Directive�to�ensure�the�protection�and�preservation�of�the�Natura�2000�Network.�Potential�activities�include:�

� Waste� treatment� activities� including� pre�treatment,� thermal� recovery,� biological� treatment,�reprocessing�or�preparing�for�reuse;����

� On�site�temporary�storage�of�waste�and�materials;�� Co�location�of�utility�services�such�as�wind�farms�or�other�energy�generating�activities;�� Development�of�public�and�recreational�amenities;�� Co�locating�recycling�/�reuse�waste�enterprises�on�site;�� Resource�mining;�and�� Contingency�capacity�for�crisis�events’.�

Policy�E12:�The�waste�plan�supports�the�repatriation�of�residual�waste�illegally�disposed�in�Northern�Ireland�to�licensed� disposal� facilities� appointed� to� a� framework� set� up� on� behalf� of� the� State� by� the� National� Trans�Frontier�Shipment�Office.�Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Policies�E8�E12�represents�potentially�significant impacts�to�the�environment�as�they�relate�to�provision�of�and�management�of�disposal�capacity.�There�has�been�a�significant�shift�away�from�landfilling� in� the�region�(and�nationally)�with�the�number�of�active�facilities�falling�to�1�facility�(Powerstown)�accepting�municipal�waste�into�landfill�(September�2014).���However,�there�is�an�on�going�need�for�landfill�capacity�during�the�plan�period�for�residual� wastes,� as� contingency.� � The� EPA� has� identified� the� need� for� potentially� up� to� 277,000� tonnes� of�disposal�capacity�for�hazardous�waste�materials�required�to�cover�the�period�2014�–�2019.��This�is�a�national�

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capacity�need�and�the�EPA�has�recognised�the�value�of�developing�existing�landfill�sites,�including�those�which�are�currently�closed,�for�the�disposal�of�certain�hazardous�wastes�i.e.�asbestos�wastes.��Significant�investment�has� been� made� in� developing� these� sites� and� substantial� infrastructure� is� in� place� at� each� site� to� provide�access,� landscape� the� site� and� to� manage� environmental� emissions.� In� addition� many� of� the� sites� have�connections�to�the�electricity�grid�which�is�a�valuable�asset.���Landfills�can�give�rise�to�methane�and�other�gases�which�have�negative�impacts�on�climate�and�on�air�quality.��Methane,�which�is�generated�from�decaying�and�rotting�organic�matter,�is�one�of�the�most�potent�greenhouse�gases�and�plays�a�significant�role�in�climate�change�effects.��In�order�to�control�emissions�of�the�gas,�landfills�have� to�capture� and� manage� the�gas�at� considerable�cost,� even� after� the� landfill� has� closed.� � In� addition� to�methane,� other� gases� may� also� be� generated� as� a� result� of� the� chemical� make�up� of� materials� disposed� of�through� commercial� and� household� waste� streams� and� hazardous� waste� streams.� � Landfills� also� generate�leachate,� an� effluent� which� requires� management� and� treatment� over� time.� � Potential� pathways� for� this�pollution�may�exist�through�soils,�groundwater�and�/�or�surface�water�with�the�potential�to�directly�impact�on�soils�and�water�quality�and�indirectly�impact�on�PHH,�BFF�and�MA.�Co�location�of�hazardous�wastes�disposal�at�existing�landfill�sites�would�be�anticipated�to�result�in�reduced�risk�to�marine/coastal�waters�due�to� reduced�need�to�export�hazardous�wastes�out�of� Ireland.� �This�would�have�indirect� positive� impacts� for� marine� BFF� including� shellfish� and� other� commercial� species.� � Positive� impacts�would�also�be�expected�for�AQ�and�CF�as�less�transport�would�be�required�in�relation�to�export�of�hazardous�wastes.� � Positive� impacts� would� be� anticipated� for� MA� as� Ireland� becomes� more� self�sufficient� in� terms� of�managing� our� hazardous� wastes.� � These� impacts� are� all� likely� to� occur� over� the� medium� to� long�term� as�statutory�approvals�are�likely�to�take�some�time.���There�is�potential�risk�to�AQ,�Soils,�water�(groundwater�and�surface�water)�within�Ireland�arising�from�landfill�disposal�of�hazardous�waste,�although�this�can�be�mitigated�and� managed� under� the� licensing� process� and� careful� consideration� of� siting� to� ensure� that�designated/vulnerable�sites�are�avoided.��Policy� E9� indicates� no� additional� disposal� capacity� is� required� over� and� above� already� authorised� capacity�during�the�lifetime�of�the�plan.��There�is�an�intention�to�review�this�regularly�to�ensure�that�contingent�capacity�is�kept�available.���Policy� E10:� Maintenance� of� a� contingency� has� positive� impacts� for� MA� and� PHH� in� particular� but� also� BFF,�Water,�Soils,�and�Lands�as�it�ensures�that�in�crisis�events�wastes�can�continue�to�be�collected�and�disposed�of�in�licensed�/�authorised�facilities�reducing�the�health�risk��to�humans,�livestock�and�the�environment.�Policy� E11� includes� possible� future� land� use� changes� associated� with� permanently� or� temporarily� closed�landfills� in� the� region.� � The� suggested� activities� have� significant� potential� to� negatively� impact� on� all�environmental� receptors.� � It� is� recognised� that� this� will� be� dependent� on� the� proposed� location� of� such�facilities� in� terms� of� proximity� to� sensitive� receptors.� � Waste� treatment� activities� have� the� potential� to�significantly�impact�on�AQ,�Water�and�MA�(traffic�and�transport)�and�indirectly�on�PHH,�BFF,�Soils,�LandS�and�CH� depending� on� the� site.� � Storage� of� wastes� and� materials� has� particular� risks� in� terms� of� soil� and� water�quality�and�indirectly�on�PHH�and�BFF.���Co�location� of� utility� services� has� significant� risks� for� BFF.� � Birds� are� often� attracted� to� landfills� and� any�upstanding�energy�generation�infrastructure�such�as�wind�farms�present�a�significant�collision�risk.� �A�similar�risk� arises� for� bats.� � Provision� of� public� and� recreational� amenity� has� the� potential� for� significant� positive�impacts� for� PHH� and� MA� in� particular� once� closed� landfills� have� been� stabilised.� � Co�location� of� reuse� and�recycling�facilities� is�anticipated�to�bring�broadly�positive�effects�however�potential�negative� impacts�arise� in�terms�of�PHH,�Water,�Lands.��Resource�mining�is�a�relatively�new�area�in�Ireland�wherein�closed�landfills�can�be�dug�up�to�extract�metals,�plastics�etc.� �This�practice�has� the�potential� to� impact�negatively�on�AQ�and�CF� in�particular� as� waste� is� disturbed� giving� off� odours� and� possibly� releasing� methane� etc.� This� would� have�potential�indirect�negative�impacts�for�PHH�if�not�managed�appropriately.��Disturbance�of�the�waste�material�may�also�lead�to�mobilisation�of�leachates�with�consequent�negative�impacts�for�water,�soils�and�indirectly�for�BFF�also.� �There� is�also� the�potential� impact� to�BFF�and�MA�as�a� result�of� spread�of� IAS.� �Maintenance�of�a�contingency� has� positive� impacts� for� MA� and� PHH� in� particular� but� also� BFF,� Water,� Soils,� and� Lands� as� it�ensures� that� in� crisis� events� wastes� can� continue� to� be� collected� and� disposed� of� in� licensed� /� authorised�facilities�reducing�the�risk�of�illegal�dumping�and�backyard�burning.�Policy�E12�relates�to�waste�which�originated�in�Ireland�but�which�were�illegally�disposed�in�Northern�Ireland�in�the�early�2000’s.�In�April�2012,�Dublin�City�Council’s�National�TFS�Office�established�a�Framework�Agreement�for�licensed�waste�disposal�facilities�in�the�Republic�of�Ireland�in�order�to�provide�a�service�for�the�disposal�of�waste�excavated�from�sites�in�Northern�Ireland.��The�Framework�duration�is�four�years,�and�8�landfills�are�on�

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the� Framework,� located� within� the� three� regional� waste� areas. In� October� 2014,� only� three� landfills� on� the�Framework� are� open� and� accepting� waste,� none� of� which� are� in� the� Southern� Region.� Out� of� these� three�remaining� open,� one� is� located� in� the� Connacht�Ulster� Region� and� two� are� located� in� the� Eastern�Midlands�Region.�There�are�7�sites�remaining�in�Northern�Ireland�with�an�estimated�120,000�tonnes�of�mixed�municipal�waste� to� be� repatriated� for� disposal� over� the� next� number� of� years.� � Remediation� of� these� sites� will� see�positive� impacts� for� BFF,� PHH,� Soils,� and� Water,� AQ,� CH,� LandS� and� Soc� in� Northern� Ireland.� � However� it� is�recognised�that�some�potential�also�exists�for�negative�impacts�associated�with�the�remediation,�especially�in�relation�to�soils,�water�and�BFF.��Any�such�remediation�should�consider�in�particular�Natura�2000�sites�in�the�zone� of� influence� which� may� be� further� damaged� by� additional� disturbance� of� the� wastes� and� also� the�potential�for�spread�of�IAS.�Negative�impacts�to�AQ�and�CF�are�also�anticipated�in�the�short�to�medium�terms�from�the�transport�of�wastes�from�NI�to�Ireland.�Cumulative�Impacts:�There�is�the�possibility�for�cumulative�negative�impacts�to�soil,�water�and�BFF�and�PHH.��These� receptors� may� already� have� been� impacted� by� the� illegal� disposal� of� wastes� through� mobilisation� of�leachates� impacting�water�and�soil�quality�directly�and�BFF�and�PHH�indirectly�and�AQ�impacts�through�dust�and�particulate�matter.��Movement�of�the�wastes�could�further�impact�already�damaged�receptors�in�the�area.�Mitigation�Measures:�The� text�of�Policy�Recommendation�E8�should� specifically� reference�protection�of� the�environment�and�public�health�however�it�is�accepted�that�there�is�reference�to�the�siting�guidance�and�criteria�in�the�draft�plan�which�address�the�issue�to�a�certain�extent.��It�is�recommended�that�prior�to�E11�being�implemented�a�feasibility�study�is�undertaken�of�the�permanently�or�temporarily� closed� landfills� in� the� region� to� determine� what� activities� may� or� may� not� be� appropriate� for�consideration� at� each� site� based� on� site� and� surrounding� sensitivities.� � It� is� acknowledged� that� the� Policy�Recommendation� specifically� refers� to� consideration� of� the� Natura� 2000� network� and� this� is� considered�positive.��The�feasibility�study�should�also�consider�environmental�sensitivities�under�the�wider�environmental�scope�of�SEA.���The� lead� authority� should� liaise� with� the� relevant� authorities� in� Northern� Ireland� to� ensure� there� is� a�management� plan� in� place� to� prevent� the� spread� of� IAS� associated� with� repatriation� of� waste.� � It� is� further�noted�that�in�Section�16.4�of�the�draft�plan�that�there�is�a�commitment�that�the�local�authorities�in�the�region�will� ensure� that� any� project� and� any� associated� works,� individually� or� in� combination� with� other� plans� or�projects,�are�subject�to�Appropriate�Assessment�Screening.��This�would�apply�to�such�repatriation�projects.��

8.3.5.4 Recovery�–�Backfilling�

Policy�Recommendations�E13�to�E14�

Policy�E13:�There� is�a�significant�quantity�of�unused�active�and�pending�capacity� for�backfilling� in� the�region�and� future� authorisations� by� the� local� authorities,� the� EPA� and� An� Bord� Pleanála� must� take� account� of� the�existing�treatment�market�prior�to�making�a�decision�on�additional�capacity.���Policy�E14:�The� local�authorities�will� co�ordinate� the� future�authorisation�of�backfilling�sites� in� the�region� to�ensure�balanced�development� serves� local�and� regional�needs�with�a�preference� for� large� remediation�sites�ahead�of�smaller�scale�sites�with�shorter�lifespans.�All�proposed�sites�for�backfilling�activities�must�comply�with�the�siting�criteria�set�out�in�the�plan.���Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Backfilling�activities�(of�inert�waste)�which�meet�the�recovery�definition�and�are�in�compliance�with�Articles�4�and� 13� of� the� Waste� Framework� Directive� sit� on� the�other� recovery� tier� of� the� waste� hierarchy.� � Backfilling�activities� represent� a� significant� amount� of� the� treatment� capacity� in� the� region� currently.� � Local� authority�authorised� sites� have� a� total� capacity� of� 1.46� million� tonnes� with� EPA� authorised� capacity� currently� at� over�980,000� tonnes.� � Utilisation� in� 2012� at� backfilling� sites� was� low,� recorded� at� 10%� of� active� local� authority�capacity�and�at�30%�of�active�EPA�sites.��This�significant�underutilisation�reflects�the�low�levels�of�activities�in�the�construction�sector�with�the�supply�of�capacity�exceeding�current�demand.���Policy�E13�and�E14�are�seeking�to�ensure�a�coordinated�and�balanced�response�to�the�provision�of�backfilling�capacity� across� the� region.� � Policy� E13� in� particular� is� focussed� on� ensuring� that� existing� unused� active� and�

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pending�capacity�is�considered�before�any�new�authorisations�might�be�granted.��This�policy�contributes�to�the�sustainable�delivery�of�waste�management�infrastructure�with�positive�effects�for�BFF�in�particular�as�new�sites�will�not�be�encouraged�while�remaining�unused�capacity�is�available.���Policy�E14� also� looks� at� coordination� of� sites� with� a� preference� for� larger� facilities� over� smaller� one.� � A� few�strategically� located� large�facilities�may�result� in�greater� levels�of�traffic�and�transport�as�users�from�all�over�the�region�have�to�travel�to�use�the�facility.��This�has�direct�negative�impacts�for�AQ�and�CF�and�indirectly�for�BFF,�PHH,�and�water�resulting�from�transport�emissions.��Larger�facilities,�unless�sited�sensitively�can�also�give�rise� to� greater� nuisance� and� negative� effects� for� PHH� resulting� from� traffic,� noise� and� LandS,� however� it� is�recognised� that� policy� E14� does� require� compliance� with� any� siting� criteria� and� this� would� mitigate� such�impacts� to� a� certain� extent.� � A� few� larger� sites� may� also� offset� the� potential� for� cumulative� impacts� to� air,�water,�soils,�BFF,�CH�and�Landscape�associated�with�several�small�facilities�spread�throughout�the�region.�A� very� significant� issue� for� backfilling,� whether� at� a� few� larger� or� several� smaller� facilities� is� that� it� offers�significant�potential�for�the�transport�of�invasive�alien�species�(IAS).��The�Institute�for�European�Environmental�Policy�reported�that�IAS�are�estimated�to�have�cost�the�EU�at�least�€12�billion�per�year�over�the�past�20�years.�Impacts� associated� with� IAS� in� Ireland� include� competition� with� native� species,� alteration� to� habitats,�introduction� of� pathogens� and� parasites� and� economic� loss.� � If� an� invasive� species� e.g.� Giant� Hogweed� and�Japanese�Knotweed,�becomes�established�it�can�be�difficult,�or�in�some�cases�nearly�impossible,�to�eradicate.��Direct�long�term�negative�impacts�for�BFF,�PHH�and�MA�(through�damage�to�infrastructure)�could�occur�if�IAS�that�may�be�present�in�backfill�are�not�dealt�with�appropriately.�Cumulative� Impacts:�Possibility� for�cumulative� impacts�more�so�with�several�small� facilities�than� larger�ones�however�this�is�conditional�on�application�of�siting�criteria�to�ensure�any�facility�is�sited�sensitively.���Mitigation�Measures:��The�Lead�Authority�shall�liaise�with�relevant�stakeholders�(including�the�EPA�and�NPWS)to�ensure�an�appropriate�measures�are�in�place�for�control�of�the�spread�of�IAS�at�backfilling�sites.���

8.3.5.5 Other�Recovery�–�Thermal�Recovery�

Policy�Recommendations�E15�to�E16�

Policy�E15:�The�waste�plan�supports�the�development�of�up�to�300,000�tonnes�of�additional�thermal�recovery�capacity� for� the� treatment� of� non�hazardous� wastes� nationally� to� ensure� there� is� adequate� active� and�competitive� treatment� in� the� market� and� the� State’s� self�sufficiency� requirements� for� the� recovery� of�municipal�wastes�are�met.��This�capacity�is�a�national�treatment�need�and�is�not�specific�to�the�SR.�All�proposed�sites�for�thermal�recovery�must�comply�with�the�siting�criteria�set�out�in�the�plan.���Policy�E16:�The�waste�plan�supports�the�development�of�up�to�50,000�tonnes�of�additional�thermal�recovery�capacity�for�the�treatment�of�hazardous�wastes�nationally�to�ensure�there�is�adequate�active�and�competitive�treatment� in� the� market� to� facilitate� self�sufficiency� needs� where� it� is� technically,� economically� and�environmentally�feasible.�This�capacity�is�a�national�treatment�need�and�is�not�specific�to�the�SR.�Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Thermal�recovery�activities15�where�the�principal�use�of�the�waste�is�as�a�fuel�to�generate�energy�are�deemed�to�sit�on�the�other�recovery�tier�of�the�waste�hierarchy.��The�authorisation�of�these�activities�is�outside�of�the�remit� of� the� local� authorities� and� falls� to� the� EPA.� The� Southern� Region� does� not� have� any� active� thermal�recovery�activities.�The�Eastern�Midlands�Region�contains�active�and�pending�thermal�recovery�activities�and�at�present�is�the�only�region�in�the�country�to�have�this�type�of�treatment�available.���The�5�active�facilities�in�the�region�are�authorised�to�accept�435,000�tonnes�of�municipal�solid�waste.� �The�intake�levels�at�the�active�facilities� is�high,�with�the�existing�waste�to�energy�facility�operating�at�capacity�and�tonnage�accepted�at�the�cement�kilns�growing.��A�further�authorised�727,875�tonnes16�of�municipal�solid�waste�capacity�is�pending.�Policy�E15�supports�an�additional�300,000�tonnes�of�thermal�recovery�capacity�which�it� is�not�specific�to�the�Southern�Region�but�rather�is�reflective�of�an�identified�national�need.��Thermal�recovery�has�the�potential�to�

������������������������������������������������������������15�Such�as�incineration�(waste�to�energy),�co�incineration�(cement�kilns),�pyrolysis,�gasification�and�others.�16�The�pending�capacity�refers�to�an�authorised�but�unbuilt�capacity.��Only�capacity�with�planning�permission�and�EPA�licences�has�been�included.��

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result�in�negative�impacts�to�BFF�and�MA�from�landtake�required�for�new�facilities.��There�is�also�the�potential�for�direct�negative�impacts�to�AQ,�soils�and�water�and�indirectly�to�PHH�as�a�result�of�process�emissions.��AQ�and�CF�may�also�be�negatively�affected�from�transport�of�wastes�to�the�facility�and�ash�from�the�process.�Any�new�facilities�will�be�subject�to�Emission�Limit�Values�(ELVs)�which�are�set�out�in�licences�expressly�to�protect�human� health� and� the� environment.� � Significant� impacts� to� AQ,� water,� soils� and� PHH� are� therefore� not�anticipated�however�site�selection�is�critical�to�avoid�sensitive�receptors�as�far�as�possible�as�early�as�possible�in�the�planning�process.��It�is�noted�that�any�such�facility�would�also�be�subject�to�EIA�and�planning.��The�fact�that�the�Eastern�Midlands�Region�is�currently�the�only�waste�region�with�thermal�capacity�indicates�a�regional�imbalance.��This�spatial�imbalance�may�result�in�cumulative�negative�impacts�to�AQ�and�CF�as�a�result�of�transport�related�emissions�as�municipal�wastes�both�from�within�and�outside�the�region�are�transported�to�these�facilities.���Policy�E16�supports�an�additional�50,000�tonnes�of�thermal�recovery�capacity�for�hazardous�wastes�but�again�it�is�not�specific�to�the�Southern�Region.��Increased�treatment�of�hazardous�waste�within�Ireland�has�associated�potential�risks�to�surface�and�groundwater�resources.�However,�controls�in�place�under�the�IPC/waste�licensing�regime�mean�that� this� risk� is� low�as�Emission�Limit�Values� (ELVs)�are�set�out� in� licences.�There�can�be�some�licensed� process� water� e.g.� cooling� water� from� condensers,� storage� runoff� and� effluent� from� pre�treatment�which�have�the�potential�to�impact�on�surface�water�and�groundwater�locally.�This�is�not�significant�as�it�would�be�mitigated/controlled�by�the�licensing�regime.�Ash�residue�would�require�disposal.��Local� levels� of� NOx,� PM10,� VOC’s,� metals,� dioxins� and� furans� in� the� vicinity� of� a� hazardous� waste� thermal�recovery�facility�could�be�expected�but�these�would�be�also�strictly�controlled�in�line�with�IPC/waste�licensing�regimes.��The�emission�of�dioxins�to�the�atmosphere�from�well�managed�facilities�is�expected�to�be�negligible,�when�operated� in�accordance�with� the�emission� limit� values� set�out� in� the� licence�conditions.� �Emissions�of�NOx�and�VOC’s�are�similarly�strictly�limited�in�accordance�with�license�conditions.��If�the�heat�generated�by�the�thermal�recovery�of�hazardous�waste� is�supplied�to�a�district�heating�network,� it�may�result� in�a�decrease� in�local�air�pollution�caused�by�individual�heating�systems.���Cumulative� Impacts:� Possible� cumulative� impacts� to� AQ� and� CF� may� arise� if� spatial� imbalances� in� thermal�recovery�capacity�are�not�addressed.�Mitigation�Measures:�The�spatial�imbalance�in�thermal�recovery�capacity�should�be�considered�as�part�of�any�future�authorisations.��Any�new�facility�must�comply�with�the�siting�criteria�in�the�draft�plan.�

8.3.5.6 Recycling�–�Biological�Treatment�

Policy�Recommendations�E17�to�E18�

Policy� E17:� The� waste� plan� supports� the� development in� the� region of� up� to� 40,000� tonnes� of� additional�biological� treatment�capacity� for� the� treatment�of�bio�wastes� (food�waste�and�green�wastes)�primarily� from�the�region�to�ensure�there�is�adequate�active�and�competitive�treatment�in�the�market.�The�development�of�such�treatment�facilities�needs�to�comply�with�the�relevant�siting�criteria�in�the�plan.���Policy� E18:� The� waste� plan� supports� the� development� of� biological� treatment� capacity� in� the� region,� in�particular� anaerobic� digestion,� to� primarily� to� treat� suitable� agri�wastes� and� other� organic� wastes.� � The�development�of�such�treatment�facilities�needs�to�comply�with�the�relevant�siting�criteria�in�the�plan.���Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�Biological� treatment� is� clearly� identified� as� a� recycling� activity� on� the� hierarchy.� The� capacity� for� biological�treatment�both�in�the�region�and�nationally�has�grown�during�the�period�of�the�last�plan.��Nationally,�there�is�246,000�tonnes�of�treatment�capacity�authorised�by�the�Department�of�Agriculture,�Food�and�the�Marine�to�treat�food�organics.��In�the�region�there�is�137,300�tonnes�of�treatment�capacity�authorised�to�treat�animal�by�products�between�local�authority�and�EPA�sites.�E17� supports� the� development� of� up� to� 40,000� tonnes� of� additional� capacity� in� this� arena.� � Any� new� or�expanded� facility� has� the� potential� to� negatively� impact� on� the� receiving� environment� as� a� result� of�construction� and� /� or� operation� of� the� facility.� � Potential� impacts� during� the� construction� phase� are� largely�associated�with�the�footprint�of�the�facility�and�increased�traffic�and�associated�noise�and�dust�emission.��Impacts�associated�with�the�operation�of� the� facility� if�not�managed�correctly�are� likely� to� include� increased�

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traffic,�dust,�odour,�air�emissions�and�process�effluents�(which�can�be�high�in�nutrients)�and/or�health�impacts�due�to�spores/bio�aerosols.���It� is�anticipated�that�emissions�will�be�controlled�as�part�of� the� licensing�regime�for�such�a� facility� therefore�significant�negative�impacts�are�not�expected,�subject�to�appropriate�siting�of�facilities�in�the�first�instance.�� The�ability�to�capture�energy�from�biological�treatment�facilities�offers�the�potential�for�positive�impacts�to�the�environment.���E18�supports�the�development�of�biological�treatment�capacity,�in�particular�anaerobic�digestion,�to�treat�agri�wastes� and� other� organic� wastes.� � Anaerobic� digestion� produces� a� high� energy� containing� gas,� known� as�biogas,�which�can�be�used�for�green�energy�production.�This�can�be�used�to�offset�some�of�the�energy�needed�to�operate�the�plant�and�as�such�would�have�direct�positive�impacts�for�MA�and�CF�in�particular. Overall� biological� treatment� is� considered� to� have� a� positive� impact� as� it� reduces� the� amount� of� waste�requiring�thermal�treatment�and/or�disposal.� In�addition�material�recovery�can�result� in�a�clean�end�product�with�low�contamination�levels,�which�can�be�used�as�a�soil�conditioner.���Cumulative�Impacts:�Potential�for�energy�recovery�resulting�in�positive�impacts�on�AQ�and�climate.��Mitigation� Measures:� Siting� criteria� will� be� applied� to� offset� any� negative� effects� in� relation� to� siting� of�potential�facilities.��Quality�control�of�the�end�product�is�required.�

8.3.5.7 Recycling�–�Material�Reprocessing�

Policy�Recommendations�E19��

Policy�E19:�The�waste�plan�supports�the�development�of�indigenous�reprocessing�and�recycling�capacity�for�the�treatment� of� non�hazardous� and� hazardous� wastes� where� technically,� economically� and� environmentally�practicable.� � The� relevant� siting� criterion� for� the� planning� and� development� of� such� activities� needs� to� be�applied.��Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�E19� supports� the� development� of� indigenous� reprocessing� and� recycling� capacity� for� hazardous� and� non�hazardous� wastes,� where� technically� and� economically� practicable.� � Any� such� facility� has� the� potential� to�negatively�impact�on�the�receiving�environment�as�a�result�of�construction�and�/�or�operation.��Impacts�include�increased�traffic,�dust,�noise,�odour,�air�emissions�and�runoff�during�the�operation�stage.��It�is�anticipated�that�emissions� will� be� controlled� as� part� of� the� licensing� regime� for� such� a� facility� therefore� significant� negative�impacts�are�not�expected,�subject�to�appropriate�siting�of�facilities�in�the�first�instance.���Reprocessing�and�recycling�facilities�may�require�additional�land�take�due�to�the�footprint�of�the�facility�which�can�have�negative�impacts�on�biodiversity,�soils,� landscape�etc.��Ireland’s�existing�indigenous�capacity�for�the�reprocessing�of�secondary�waste�materials�is�limited�with�the�majority�of�municipal�recyclable�wastes�exported�withsimilarly� significant� quantities� of� hazardous� waste� being� exported� for� reprocessing� or� treatment.��Exporting�our�waste�to�other�countries�is�not�sustainable�in�the�longer�term.�This� is�not� surprising�as� Ireland�has�no�glass�manufacturing� facility,�paper�mill,�metal� smelter,�or� large�scale�solvent� distillation� plant.� � For� many� of� these� plants� the� quantity� of� feedstock� available� in� Ireland� is� not�sufficient� in� order� to� make� these� facilities� viable.� � Supporting� of� indigenous� facilities� for� appropriate� waste�streams� will� reduce� exports� with� positive� impacts� for� MA,� AQ� and� GF� as� a� result� of� reduced� transport�requirements� and� associated� emissions.� Currently� Ireland� is� exporting� to� the� UK,� Europe� and� further� afield�including�China�which�is�considered�unsustainable�in�the�long�term.��As� with� any� development� of� an� indigenous� capacity,� local� impacts� from� associated� infrastructure� means�potential�for�impacts�to�AQ,�water,�soils�and�BFF�are�brought�back�to�Ireland�associated�with�the�operation�of�such�facilities.��Cumulative�Impacts:�Possibility�for�cumulative�negative�impacts�associated�with�new�infrastructure.��Mitigation� Measures:� It� is� recognised� that� based� on� economies� of� scale,� market� forces� and� end� market�locations,� national� facilities� for� processing� all� recyclable� materials� may� not� be� feasible� and� will� need� to� be�assessed�on�a�case�by�case�situation�against�environmental,�economic�and�technical�merits.�

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8.3.5.8 Preparing�for�Reuse�Activities�

Policy�Recommendations�E20�

Policy� E20:� The� waste� plan� supports� the� development� of� repair� and� preparing� for� reuse� enterprises� in� the�region�as�part�of�the�transition�to�a�more�resource�focused�management�approach�and�will�provide�technical,�regulatory�and�financial�guidance�to�operators�active�on�this�tier�of�the�hierarchy.������Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendation�Preparing�for�reuse�is�a�higher�order�recovery�solution�recognised�as�providing�more�benefits�than�recycling�or�other�recovery�treatments.���The�concept�of�Preparing�for�Re�use�is�a�positive�one�with�positive�impacts�for�the�environment,� particularly� in� relation� to� reduced� resource� consumption� and� waste� prevention.� � These� two�aspects� alone� can� have� significant� positive� effects� for� the� environment� generally� with� less� natural� resource�usage� and� less� potential� for� pollution� to� air,� water� and� soils.� � Increased� reuse� activities� have� long� term�environmental� benefits� by� reducing� the� amount� of� waste� requiring� to� be� managed�and� reducing� the� use� of�new�raw�materials.�Increased�reuse�activities�would�also�result�in�energy�savings�and�therefore�would�decrease�C02�emissions�and�global�warming�effects.��However,� there� is� also� some� potential� for� negative� impacts.� � Repair� activities� have� potential� for� negative�impacts�to�PHH�arising�from�health�and�safety�e.g.�repair�of�electrical�equipment.��In�addition,�there�is�risk�to�BFF,�PHH,�water,�soils,�AQ,�Lands�and�CH�if�parts�/�materials�not�required�for�re�use�may�ultimately�become�or�return� to� waste� and� are� not� discarded� appropriately.� Inappropriate� disposal� has� the� same� potential� for�negative�impacts�as�any�illegal�dumping�of�waste�material�with�risk�to�soils,�surface�water�and�groundwater�in�particular.� Reuse� of� materials� may� give� rise� to� some� minor� temporary� and� short�terms� negative� impacts� on�BFF,�PHH,�soil�and�water�from�cleaning�activities�associated�with�reuse�of�materials.��Cumulative� Impacts:� Positive� effects� on� AQ� and� CF� in� particular� as� reusing� materials� avoids� the� need� for�landfilling,�waste�licenced�facilities�and�associated�emissions�and�provides�for�greater�resource�efficiencies.�Mitigation�Measures:�As� a� minimum,� registration� of� reuse� and� preparing� for� reuse� activities� and� a� code� of�practice�is�required�to�ensure�that�these�activities�are�given�the�tools�necessary�to�continue�operation�in�a�safe�and�sustainable�manner.�Continued�promotion�of�reuse�at�industry�and�household�level.�

8.3.5.9 Facility�Authorisations�by�Local�Authorities��

Policy�Recommendations�E21�

Policy�E21:�The�local�authorities�will�review�the�approach�to�authorising�waste�treatment�facilities�requiring�a�waste�facility�permit�or�certificate�of�registration.��The�focus�will�be�on�improving�the�relationship�between�the�authorised� and� operational� capacity� at� facilities� with� the� intention� of� addressing� the� over�authorisation� of�facilities�in�the�treatment�market�so�as�to�better�reflect�facility�throughput.�����Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendation�Policy�Recommendation�E21�reflects�inconsistencies�in the�approaches�taken�to�authorising�waste�treatment�facilities�by�authorities�across�the�region.�Local�authorities�have�committed�to�standardising�the�approach�and�in�addition,�they�will�review�the�allocation�of�treatment�capacity�quantities�with�the�intention�of�better�aligning�authorised�and�operational�capacities.��This�may�include�phasing�to�allow�capacity�increases�to�be�granted�on�the�basis�of�actual�need�and�site�progressive�development�works.���This� co�ordinated� and� considered� approach� to� the� future� planning� of� treatment� capacities� in� the� region� is�anticipated� to� have� indirect� positive� impacts� for� all� environmental� receptors,� in� particular� PHH,� BFF,� water,�soils�and�AQ.��It�will�avoid�the�need�for�unnecessary�landtake�for�new�facilities�that�may�not�be�required,�it�will�result� in� greater� communication� across� the� waste� regions� and� local� authorities� and� it� will� provide� for� great�clarity�and�consistency�in�the�approached�adopted�to�managing�waste.�Provided�consideration�is�given�to�both�regional� and� national� capacities� where� relevant� this� policy� recommendation� will� have� a� long� term� positive�impact�particularly�on�PHH,�MA,�Soils,�LandS�and�Soc.�Cumulative� Impacts:�Positive�cumulative� impacts�anticipated� for�all�environmental� receptors� through better�alignment�of�capacities�in�line�with�actual�need.���

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Mitigation�Measures:�The�standardised�approach�required�under�E21�should�facilitate�ongoing�inter�regional�engagement�to�ensure�maximum�over�sight�of�authorised�and�operational�capacity�on�a�regional�and�national�level.���

8.3.5.10 Collection�Infrastructure�

Policy�Recommendations�E22�to�E25�

Policy�E22:�The�plan�supports�the�primacy�of�kerbside�source�segregated�collection�of�household�waste�as�the�best�method�to�ensure�the�quality�of�waste�presented.�In�the�absence�of�source�segregated�kerbside�collection�services�the�plan�supports�the�use�of�authorised�civic�amenity�facilities�and�bring�centres.�Policy�E23:�In�the�absence�of�kerbside�source�segregated�collection�services�and�where�the�proximity�of�civic�amenity� facilities� and� bring� centres� is� prohibitive� the� plan� supports� localised� collection� solutions� such� as�community�drop�off�points�or�pay�to�use�systems�subject�to�compliance�with�the�household�waste�collection�regulations.�Policy�E24:�The�plan�supports�the�appropriate�management�of� International�Catering�Waste�(ICW)�under�the�Animal�By�product�Regulations�(EC)�No.1069/2009.�Policy�E25:�The�plan�supports�the�improvement�of�existing�PRIs�and�the�development�of�new�PRIs�for�specific�waste�streams�including�human�and�farm�medicines,�paints,�newspapers�and�magazines.�Discussion�on�Policy�Recommendations�The�overall�percentage�of�households�signed�up�to�a�kerbside�collection�service� in� the�Southern�Region�was�67%� in� 2012,� an� increase� from� previous� years.� Policy� Recommendation� E22� promotes� continued� source�segregated�kerbside�collection�as�the�best�method�to�ensure�the�quality�of�waste�presented.�In�the�absence�of�source�segregated�kerbside�collection�services�the�plan�supports�the�use�of�authorised�civic�amenity�facilities�and�bring�centres.��Promoting� and� achieving� maximum� collection� rates� has� a� number� of� environmental� benefits.� In� the� first�instance� it� results� in� higher� recovery/recycling� rates� for� the� Region� and� a� diversion� of� organic� waste� from�landfill�sites,�it�results�in�lower�cross�contamination�levels�across�the�various�waste�streams,�minimises�journey�times�and�associated�traffic�related�impacts�(i.e.�air�and�noise�emissions)�and�it�reduces�risks�of�illegal�dumping�and�burning�of�waste�and�associated�impacts.��While� overall� the� positive� impacts� associated� with� the� policy� outweigh� the� negative� impacts� there� is� some�potential� for� short� term�negative� impacts�associated�with�odour�nuisance�with� the�organic�bin�and�possible�additional�journey�times�and�associated�increased�traffic�impacts�associated�with�a�3�bin�collection�system.��Furthermore�the�policy�supports�the�use�of�civic�amenity�sites�and�bring�centres�and�whilst�such�infrastructure�has�long�term�positive�environmental�impacts�in�capturing�waste�which�might�otherwise�go�unmanaged�there�is�potential�for�short�term�negative�impacts�on�AQ,�MA2�and�PPH1�due�to�due�to�indirect�impacts�associated�with�transport�of�waste�and�noise/disturbance�from�segregation�activities.�Construction�of�facilities�will�also�result�in�additional�land�take�and�associated�negative�environmental�impacts�that�would�not�be�required�if�waste�management�system�based�solely�on�kerbside�collection�system�could�be�achieved.��Policy�Recommendation�E23�supports�localised�collection�solutions�such�as�community�drop�off�points�where�source�segregation�and�civic�amenity�sites�are�not�viable.�This�option�has�potential�for�negative� impacts�at�a�local� level� on� the� community� through� nuisances� from� traffic,� odour,� noise� and� human� health,� if� not�implemented�appropriately.����Policy�E24�supports�the�appropriate�management�of�international�catering�waste�(ICW)�under�the�Animal�By�product�Regulations�(EC)�No.1069/2009.��This�is�currently�managed�by�the�Department�of�Agriculture�Food�and�Marine� (DAFM).� � Whilst� this� policy� is� positive� in� that� it� supports� the� Department’s� role� in� the� effective�implementation�on�the�ground�its�effectiveness�will�depend�on�resources�within�the�department�to�monitor,�regulate� and� enforce� compliance� with� codes� of� practices,� environmental� and� waste� legislation� etc.� i.e.�authorisation�of�an�operator�is�only�a�starting�point�to�ensuring�efficiencies�in�management�of�catering�waste�which�a�growing�industry.���

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E25� recommends� improving� existing� PRIs� and� development� of� new� PRIs� whilst� overall� this� has� a� positive�environmental�impact�it�could�possibly�be�extended�to�include�additional�waste�streams�or�at�least�reviewed�throughout�the�life�time�of�the�plan�to�be�updated�where��as�issues�or�opportunities�arise.�Cumulative� Impacts:� Overall� positive� impacts� in� terms� of� capturing� wastes� by� ensuring� a� comprehensive�network�for�kerbside�collection�and�easily�accessible�facilities�to�accommodate�segregation�of�waste.��Mitigation�Measures:� Siting� of� any� new� facilities should� have� regard� to� the� siting� criteria� contained� in� the�RWMP.�Consideration�should�also�be�given� to�extending� the�scope�of�waste� streams� included� in� the�PRIs� to� include�catering�and�food�waste.�

8.3.6 Policy�Actions�F�–�Enforcement�and�Regulation�

Policy� F.1�

Enhance�the�enforcement�of�regulations�related�to�household�waste�to�ensure�householders,�including�apartment�residents,�and�owners�are�managing�waste�in�accordance�with�legislation�and�waste�collectors�are�in�compliance�with�regulatory�

requirements�and�collection�permit�conditions.�Policy�Action� F.1.1� Allocate�resources�to�the�systematic�monitoring�of�household�compliance�with�the�

segregation�of�waste�with�a�particular�focus�on�prioritising�the�reduction�of�contamination.�Policy�Action� F.1.2� Allocate�resources�to�the�systematic�monitoring�of�apartment�complexes�to�improve�

compliance�with�the�segregation�of�waste�prioritising�the�reduction�of�contamination.�

Policy�Action� F.1.3�

Allocate�resources�to�the�national�systematic�monitoring�of�waste�collectors�including�on�site�audits�of�waste�collection�data�and�random�roadside�checks�for�compliance�with�permit�conditions.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�F.1� Policy�Action�F.1.1�

Policy�Action�F.1.2�

Policy�Action�F.1.3�

BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + + +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�

Policy�F.1:�The�policy�relating�to�Enforcement�and�Regulation�Actions� involves� implementation�of�consistent�and�coordinated�system�for�the�enforcement�of�regulations�related�to�waste�activities,�and�as�such�will�result�in�overall�positive�indirect�impacts�on�the�environment.��The�policy�will�provide�strength�and�support�to�EU�and�national�waste�and�related�environmental�policy,�legislation,�guidance�and�codes�of�practice,�thereby�having�a�potential�positive�indirect�impact�on�the�environment.�Management�of�waste�activities�through�enforcement�

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via�increased�resources�and�monitoring�will�ultimately�result�in�improvements�to�the�manner�in�which�waste�is�segregated� by� the� householder,� reduce� cross� contamination� impacts� associated� with� mixing� of� waste�inappropriately�and�maximise�the�volume�of�waste�treated�in�activities�higher�up�the�waste�hierarchy�resulting�in�a�net�environmental�benefit�for�every�tonne�of�waste�managed�more�efficiently.��Policy�Action�F.1.1:�An�analysis�of� the� types�of�municipal�wastes�accepted� for�disposal�during�2012�showed�there�was�an�increase�in�the�quantity�of�residues�from�source�separated�recyclable�waste�which�may�be�due�to�an� increase� in� contamination� levels� of� the� mixed� dry� recyclable� bins� (EPA,� 2012).� Management� of� waste�activities� through� enforcement� via� increased� resources� and� monitoring� will� therefore� ultimately� result� in�improvements� to� the� manner� in� which� waste� is� segregated� by� the� householder� which� will� reduce� cross�contamination� associated� with� mixing� of� waste� inappropriately� with� the� associated� benefits� as� outlined�previously� in� F.1� above.� � The� policy� action� will� also� ensure� consistency� and� follow� up� in� reporting� and�monitoring�of�actions.��By�ensuring�regular�and�appropriate�monitoring�and�follow�up�this�policy�and�action�will�have�broadly�positive�indirect�impacts�on�all�environmental�receptors�by�ensuring�that�householders�that�are�not�compliant�are�sought�out.�Policy�Action�F.1.2:�Apartments�accounted�for�11%�of�households�in�the�State�according�to�the�2011�census.�Cross�contamination�of�waste� in�apartment�complexes� is�considered�a�challenge�to�the�waste� industry�given�the� difficulty� of� monitoring� waste� collected� from� householders� in� a� central� location� within� the� apartment�complex,�rather�than�from�individual�door�to�door�collection�points.� �Similar�to�Policy�Action�F.1.1� increased�management�of�waste�segregation�through�increased�resources�and�monitoring�will�result�in�a�positive�impact�to� the� environment� by� improving� the� quantity� of� waste� recycled,� reducing� the� percentage� of� cross�contamination�in�waste�and�maxising�the�volume�of�waste�treated�in�activities�higher�up�the�waste�hierarchy.�Policy�Action�F.1.3:�By�ensuring�ongoing�monitoring�of�waste�collectors�this�action�will�have�broadly�positive�indirect� impacts� on� all� environmental� receptors� by� ensuring� that� non�compliance� with� waste� collection�permits�is�tracked�and�improvements/�fines�made�if�necessary.�This�policy�will�also�improve�the�collection�of�data� and� annual� reporting� from� waste� collectors� to� ensure� a� consistent� approach� to� waste� recording� and�statistics� in� the� Southern� Region.� Management� of� waste� activities� through� monitoring� of� waste� collector�activities�will�ultimately�result�in�improvements�to�the�manner�in�which�waste�is�collected�and�managed�across�the�Region�from�the�various�waste�collectors�in�operation.�Cumulative� Impacts:� Positive� effects� on� AQ� and� CF� in� particular,� as� a� reduction� in� cross� contamination� of�waste�will�result�in�reduced�quantity�of�waste�going�to�landfill�which�in�turn�will�see�reduced�emissions�from�regulated�landfilling.��Mitigation�Measures:�Results� on� monitoring� should� be�documented� annually.� The use� of� Key� Performance�Indicators�should�be�considered�in�reporting�the�monitoring�results.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� F.2� Enforce�all�waste�regulations�through�increased�monitoring�activities,�and�enforcement�actions�for�non�compliance�with�authorisations�and�regulatory�obligations�

Policy�Action� F.2.1� Prepare�a�Regional�RMCEI Plan to�prioritise�enforcement�actions�and�activities�across�the�

region�taking�account�of�the�national�enforcement�priorities�laid�down�by�the�EPA�&�DECLG�Policy�Action� F.2.2� Maintain�high�level�of�site�inspections�of�all�existing��waste�authorisations�and�ensure�

reflected�in�the�RMCEI�

SEA�Objective* Policy�F.2 Policy�Action�F.2.1 Policy�Action�F.2.2BFF_1� + + +�BFF_2� 0 0 0�PHH_1� + + +�PHH_2� + + +�Soil_1� + + +�

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Water_1� + + +�AQ_1� + + +�CF_1� + + +�MA_1� + + +�MA_2� + + +�CH_1� + + +�

LandS_1� + + +�Soc_1� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�F.2:�Increased�monitoring�activities�in�respect�of�compliance�with�authorisations�and�obligations�under�waste� regulations�will�have�an�overall�positive� impact�on� the�environment.� It�will� strengthening�compliance�with�EU�environment�and�national�law�and�contribute�to�more�consistent�enforcement�of�waste�management�activities�throughout�the�Southern�Region.�Policy� Action� F.2.1:� Preparation� of� a� Southern� Regional� Minimum� Criteria� for� Environmental� Inspections�(RMCEI)� plan� prioritising� enforcement� is� an� important� instrument.� It� will� ensure� implementation� of�enforcement�priorities�on�a�coordinated�regional�basis,�taking�account�of�national�priorities�as�set�out�by�the�EPA�and�DECLG.��Policy�Action�F.2.2:� This� Policy�Action� places� an� emphasis� on� undertaking� site� inspections� and� ensuring� the�result� are� documented� in� the� RMCEI� plan.� Inspections� are� an� important� instrument� to� ensure� the�implementation� and� enforcement� of� the� relevant� regulations.� Any� form� of� auditing/� inspection� of� waste�activities� will� result� in� improved� performance� and� management� resulting� in� reduced� potential� for�environmental�impacts�associated�with�such�facilities.�Therefore�this�policy�action�will�have�an�overall�positive�impact�on�the�environmental�objectives.�Cumulative� Impacts:�There�will�be�an�overall�positive� impact�on� the�environment� from�the�enforcement�of�waste�regulations�and�prioritisation�of�enforcement�actions.���Mitigation�Measures:�Results�on�monitoring�should�be�documented�annually�in�the�RMCEI�plan�and�the�use�of�KPIs�should�be�considered�in�reporting�of�the�monitoring�results.�The�RMCEI�should�contain�specific�criteria�to�address�the�management�of�waste�which�in�turn�should�inform�the�inspections.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� F.3� Take�measures�to�prevent�and�cease�unauthorised�waste�activities�by�way�of�investigation,�notifications,�remediation�requests�or�legal�action�as�appropriate.�

Policy�Action� F.3.1�

Identify�and�maintain�the�role�of�Environmental�Complaints�Coordinator�to�manage�an�unauthorised�waste�activity�database�based�on�complaints�received�and�monitoring�

undertaken.�Policy�Action� F.3.2� Carry�out�investigations�and�issue�notifications,�as�required,�as�dictated�by�the�Unauthorised�

Waste�Activity�database�and�as�directed�by�the�EPA.�

Policy�Action� F.3.3�

Prepare�Action�Plan�(subject�to�AA�Screening)�to�deal�with�the�prevention�and�management�of�waste�from�unauthorised�activities�and�waste�arisings�from�other�criminal�activities.�Co�

ordination�required�between�the�Regions.�

SEA�Objective*� F.3� F.3.1 F.3.2 F.3.3BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�

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PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + + +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy� F.3:� Unauthorised� waste� activities� encompass� a� broad� range� of� possible� infringements� of� legislation,�from�individual�householders�or�businesses�not�handling�waste�correctly,�to�the�large�scale�illegal�deposition�of�waste.�Implementation�of�policy�on�combatting�unauthorised�waste�activities�within�the�Southern�Region�will�have�a�long�term�benefit�to�the�environment�and�society.��Policy�Action�F.3.1:� � �This�Policy�Action�should� lead�to�a�smarter�co�ordinated�waste�enforcement�system�to�record�in�an�accessible�format�complaints�received�and�the�findings�from�the�monitoring�across�the�Southern�Region.�It�will�result�in�co�ordinated�reporting,�responses�to�complaints�received�and�potential�for�follow�up�on�actions�which�will�result�in�a�long�term�positive�impact�to�the�environment.��Policy�Action�F.3.2:��This�Policy�Action�should�lead�to�a�smarter�co�ordinated�waste�enforcement�system�that�is�better� equipped� to� tackle� unauthorised� activities� and� serious� environmental� crime.� Unauthorised� waste�activities�include�both�waste�related�activities�that�are�conducted�without�appropriate�authorisation�or�are�in�significant� breach� of� their� authorisation.� This� encompasses� a� broad� range� of� possible� infringements� of�legislation,�from�householders�or�businesses�not�handling�waste�correctly�to�the�large�scale�illegal�deposition�of�waste.�The�Policy�Action�will�have�indirect�positive�impacts�on�the�environment�within�the�Southern�Region.�Policy� Action� F.3.3:� Criminal� waste� activities� result� in� long� term� negative� impacts� to� the� environment� in�particular� on� soils,� geology,� biodiversity� and� human� health.� Preparation� of� an� Action� Plan� to� prevent� and�manage� fuel� laundering� in� co�ordination� with� the� other� RWMP� Regions� will� result� in� a� positive� long�term�impact�on�the�environment�which�will�be�consistent�and�integrated�across�the�three�RWMP�Regions.�Cumulative� Impacts:�There� will� be� an� overall� positive� impact� on� the�environment� from� these� policy� actions�which�will�include�measures�to�prevent�unauthorised�waste�activities.��Mitigation�Measures:� The� proposed� Action� Plan� to� address� waste� arising� from criminal� activity� should� be�prepared� in� consultation� with� various� stakeholders� including� the� NPWS,� GSI,� Gardaí� etc.� Responsibilities� for�implementing�the�Action�Plan�and�monitoring�requirements�to�assess�its�implementation�will�be�critical�to�its�success.�

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Policy� F.4� Improve�the�consistency�of�local�authority�waste�authorisations�and�conditions�issued�to�waste�collectors�and�facility�operators�

Policy�Action� F.4.1� Work�with�NWCPO�to�standardise�Waste�Collection�Permit�conditions�with�standard�

mandatory�conditions�and�local�discretionary�conditions.�Policy�Action� F.4.2� Move�to�standardise�conditions�for�Waste�Facility�Permit/COR�conditions�with�standard�

mandatory�conditions�and�local�discretionary�conditions.�

SEA�Objective* F.4 F.4.1 F.4.2�BFF_1� + + +�BFF_2� 0 0 0�PHH_1� + + +�PHH_2� 0 0 0�Soil_1� + + +�

Water_1� + + +�AQ_1� + + +�CF_1� + + +�MA_1� + + +�MA_2� 0 0 0�CH_1� + + +�

LandS_1� + + +�Soc_1� + + +�

Discussion�Policy� F.4� and� Policy� Actions� F4.1� and� F4.2:� Improving� consistency� of waste� authorisations� and� conditions�issued�will�provide�greater�clarity�for�waste�operators�and�will�facilitate�easier�and�more�effective�enforcement�and�the�introduction�of�best�practice�approaches�in�the�industry.��Depending�on�the�types�of�conditions�issued,�this�policy�has�the�potential�to�have�indirect�positive�long�term�impacts�for�AQ,�Soils,�Water,�BFF,�CH,�LandS�and�PHH�through�better�organisation�and�control�of�activities�as�it�is�better�for�industry�and�operators�so�good�for�MA.�Mitigation� Measures:� Standard� mandatory� conditions� and� local� discretionary� conditions� should� consider�inclusion�of�screening�in�relation�to�both�EIA�and�AA�processes.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

� �

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8.3.7 Policy�Actions�G�–�Protection�

Policy� G.1�Ensure�the�highest�environmental�and�human�health�benefits�are�achieved�by�prioritising�the�implementation�of�the�upper�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy�and�ensuring�these�actions�

are�funded�appropriately�Policy�Action� G.1.1� Review�local�authority�expenditure�on�lower�waste�order�activities�to�determine�if�there�is�

scope�to�deliver�a�more�cost�effective�service�and�balance�expenditure�across�the�hierarchy.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�G.1 Policy�Action�G.1.1BFF_1� +/� +�BFF_2� + +�PHH_1� + +�PHH_2� + +�Soil_1� +/� +�

Water_1� +/� +�AQ_1� +/� +�CF_1� +/� +�MA_1� +/� +�MA_2� +/� +�CH_1� +/� +�

LandS_1� +/� +�Soc_1� + +�

Discussion�Policy�G.1:�The�upper�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy�place�great�emphasis�on,�prevention�and�reuse�This�policy�will�ensure�that�these�areas�are�prioritised�and�funded�appropriately�to�minimise�the�generation�of�waste�and�therefore� reduce� the� volumes� of� waste� requiring� transportation,� treatment� and� disposal.� Less� resource�consumption�through�increases�in�prevention,�reuse�and�recycling�would�have�positive�impacts�on�CF�as�less�energy�from�fossil�fuels�would�be�required�and�lower�carbon�dioxide�outputs�would�ensue.��While�the�prioritisation�of�the�upper�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy�is�positive�in�relation�to�all�the�environmental�objectives�there�are�however�potential�negative�impacts�some�of�which�could�be�long�term�in�relation�to�the�unknown� nature� of� the� reuse� and� recycling� activities.� There� is� potential� for� negative� impacts� on� BFF,� Soil,�Water,�AQ,�CF,�MA,�CH�and�LandS�from�such�recycling�activities.�However,�these�impacts�will�be�offset�through�the� implementation� of� siting� guidelines� to� ensure� that� activities� are� not� developed� on� or� close� to� sensitive�environments.��Policy� Action� G.1.1:� A� review� of� expenditure� on� lower� waste� order� activities� such� as� street� sweeping� and�graffiti� clean�up� will� have� positive� impacts� on� all� of� the� environmental� objectives.� Through� review� of� the�financial�arrangement�there�can�be�further�balance�applied�to�the�expenditure�to�ensure�that�the�upper�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy�such�as�prevention�have�an�adequate�budget.�By�preventing�the�generation�of�waste�in�the�first�instance�it�negates�the�need�for�expenditure�at�the�lower�waste�order�activities.�Cumulative� Impacts:�Overall,� the� impacts� will� be� positive� by� reducing� waste� generation� at� source� through�promotion�of�the�higher�tiers�of�the�waste�hierarchy�and�avoiding�the�need�for�landfill�and�additional�facilities�to�treat�and/or�manage�waste.�Mitigation�Measures:��None�required�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

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Policy� G.2� Rollout�the�plan�for�remediating�historic�closed�landfills�prioritising�actions�to�those�sites�which�are�the�highest�risk�to�the�environment�and�human�health�

Policy�Action� G.2.1� Each�Region�is�to�rank�the�class�A�high�risk�historic�unregulated�landfill�sites�(1977�–�1996)�

and�pre�historic�unregulated�landfill�sites�(pre�1977).�Policy�Action� G.2.2� Each�Region�is�to�develop�and�agree�a�road�map�prioritising�for�investigation�and�remediation�

the�ranked�landfills�(taking�into�account�the�scale�of�risk�and�impacts�on�the�environment).�Policy�Action� G.2.3� Prepare�authorisation�applications�to�the�EPA�for�landfill�sites�identified�in�accordance�with�

the�roadmap�during�the�lifetime�of�the�Plan�(subject�to�Department�funding�being�available).�

Policy�Action� G.2.4�

Remediate�high�risk�sites�in�accordance�with�the�Plan�agreed�in�the�EPA�authorisation�and�in�accordance�with�the�requirements�of�the�EU�Habitats�Directive�&�Water�Framework�Directive�

(subject�to�funding�being�available).�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�G.2� Policy�Action�G.2.1�

Policy�Action�G.2.2�

Policy�Action�G.2.3�

Policy�Action�G.2.4�

BFF_1� +/�� + + + +/�BFF_2� +/�� + + + +/�PHH_1� +/�� + + + +/�PHH_2� +/�� + + + +/�Soil_1� +� + + + +

Water_1� +/�� + + + +/�AQ_1� +/�� + + + +/�CF_1� +/�� + + + +/�MA_1� +� + + + +MA_2� +� + + + +CH_1� +� + + + +

LandS_1� +� + + + +Soc_1� +� + + + +

Discussion�Policy�G.2:�The�Code�of�Practice�for�Environmental�Risk�Assessment�of�Unregulated�Waste�Disposal�Sites�has�been� developed� to� assist� local� authorities� to� comply� with� the� requirements� of� Section� 22� of� the� Waste�Management�Acts�1996�to�2005.��This�policy�recommendation�will�ensure�that�sites�deemed�to�be�of�high�risk�are�prioritised�and�remediated�to�prevent�the�release�of�contaminants�and�harmful�substances�to�sensitive�environmental�receptors.��There�are�potential�negative�impacts�some�of�which�could�be�long�term�in�relation�to�the�unknown�nature�of�unregulated� closed� landfills.� There� is� potential� for� negative� impacts� on� BFF,� PHH,� Water� and� AQ� from� such�remedial�works.�Potential�short�term�negative�impacts�associated�with�this�policy�may�result�in�the�movement�of� controlled� leachate� to� receiving� water� bodies,� sensitive� peatland� habitats� through� nutrient� enrichment�(including�raised�bogs),�soils,�public�water�supplies�and�the�potential�release�of�harmful�gas�emissions�to�the�atmosphere.�However,�these� impacts�will�be�offset�through�remediation�works�to�ensure�closed� landfills�are�not�continuing�to�impact�on�receiving�environments.��By�focusing�on�remediation�this�policy�will�have�overall�positive�medium�to�long�term�effects�as�it�will�see�the�phasing� out� of� negative� impacts� associated� with� landfill� leachate� and� associated� negative� impacts� on� Soil,�Water,� LandS,� BFF,� CF� and� PHH.� � An� increase� in� remediation� will� have� a� corresponding� positive� medium� to�long�term�impact�on�all�environmental�receptors.���Policy�Action�G.2.1:��The�Environmental�Risk�Assessment�for�Unregulated�Waste�Disposal�Sites�Code�Of�Practice�issued�by�the�EPA�informs�local�authorities�of�their�obligations�under�Section�22�of�the�Waste�Management�Act�to� carry� out� an� inventory� of� all� historic� unregulated� waste� disposal� sites� (landfills).� An� inventory� identifying�sites� deemed� to� be� of� highest� risk� (Class� A)� in� each� region� will� have� indirect� long� term� positive� impacts�

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associated�with�this�policy�action�particularly�on�BFF,�PHH,�Soil,�Water�and�LandS.�Risk�classification�of�sites�will�have� long� term� positive� impacts� prioritising� those� sites� of� highest� risk� and� preparing� a� detailed� site�investigation�programme�as�well�as�informing�subsequent�recommendations�for�remediation.��Policy� Action� G.2.2:� The� application� of� the� code� of� practice� for� historic� unregulated� landfills� and�implementation�of�a� road�map�prioritising� for� investigation�and�remediation�of� ranked� landfills�will� result� in�both�direct�and�indirect�positive�long�term�impacts.�Local�authorities�shall�adhere�to�the�step�by�step�process�by�following�guidelines� issued�by�the�EPA�including�the�Methodology�for�the�Identification�of�Waste�Disposal�and�/�or�Recovery�Sites�in�Ireland�and�Tier�1,�2,�3�and�Chapters�3,�4,�5,�7�&�8�of�the�methodology�outlined�in�The�Code�of�Practice�for�Environmental�Risk�Assessment�of�Unregulated�Waste�Disposal�Sites.���Policy� Action� G.2.3:� The� preparation� authorisation� applications� to� the� EPA� for� landfill� sites� identified� in�accordance� with� the� road� map� will� result� in� positive� medium� to� long� term� impacts.� The� approval� of� any�remediation�option�including�the�removal�of�waste� is� likely�to�be�subject�to�an�authorisation�procedure.�Any�remedial�works�proposals�will�be�assessed�in�the�context�of�Section�22�of�the�Waste�Management�Acts�1996�to�2005� as� part� of� the� authorisation� process� and� site� specific� measures� will� be� set� out� in� the� licence� /� permit�conditions�for�unregulated�waste�disposal�sites�(closed�landfills).��Policy� Action� G.2.4:� The� remediation� of� high� risk� sites� will� have� direct� positive� long�term� impacts.� The�objective�of�the�RWMP�will�result� in�the�delivery�of�those�targets�outlined�in�the�conservation�objectives�for�Natura�2000�sites.�Potential�short� term�negative�effects�such�as�negative� impacts�associated�with�this�policy�action� may� result� in� the� movement� of� controlled� leachate� to� receiving� water� bodies,� sensitive� peatland�habitats� through� nutrient� enrichment� (including� raised� bogs),� soils,� public� water� supplies� and� the� potential�release� of� harmful� gas� emissions� to� the� atmosphere.� However,� these� impacts� will� be� offset� through�remediation� works� to� ensure� closed� landfills� are� not� continuing� to� impact� on� receiving� environments� and�Natura�2000�sites.��Cumulative� Impacts:�Overall,� the� impacts� will� be� positive� in� relation� to� ensuring� that� there� is� a� consistent�approach� to� the� remediation� of� closed� landfill� sites� that� will� have� positive� outcomes� on� environmental�receptors�having�regard�to�BFF,�PHH,�Soil�and�Water.�Mitigation�Measures:�AA�Screening�should�be�undertaken�for�all�Tier�1,�2�and�3 Risk�Assessments.� �The�Lead�Authority� shall� liaise� with� relevant� stakeholders� (including� the� EPA� and� NPWS)� to� ensure� an� appropriate�measures�are�in�place�for�control�of�the�spread�of�IAS�in�relation�to�remediating�historic�closed�landfills.���

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� G.3� Ensure�there�is�a�consistent�approach�to�the�protection�of�the�environment�and�communities�through�the�authorisation�of�locations�for�the�treatment�of�wastes�

Policy�Action� G.3.1� Prepare�siting�guidelines�for�waste�facilities�and�review�general�siting�criteria�as�set�down�in�

the�waste�plan.��

SEA�Objective*� G.3 G.3.1�BFF_1� +/� +�BFF_2� 0 +�PHH_1� +/� +�PHH_2� +/� +�Soil_1� +/� +�

Water_1� +/� +�AQ_1� +/� +�CF_1� +/� +�MA_1� +/� +�

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MA_2� +/� +�CH_1� +/� +�

LandS_1� +/� +�Soc_1� 0 +�

Discussion�Policy�G.3:�The�consideration�of�the�environment�in�the�authorisation�of�waste�facilities�is�critical�in�relation�to�the�potential� long� term� impacts� that�can�be�mitigated.�A�consistent�approach� in� the�authorisation�of�waste�facilities�will�be�assisted�by�the�new�structure�of�waste�management�in�Ireland�taking�the�form�of�a�regional�approach.� The� provision� of� siting� guidelines� within� each� RWMP� will� be� vital� to� assisting� with� a� consistent�approach� to� the� protection� of� key� areas� such� as� BFF,� PHH,� Soil,� Water,� AQ,� MA,� CH� and� LandS.� The� siting�guidelines�encompass�principles�provided�to�assist�developers�but�are�not�to�be�taken�as�a�strict�interpretation�of�national�and�European�legislation,�policy,�case�law�or�guidance.�The�guidelines�contain�specific�siting�criteria�for� five� types� of� facilities� including;� municipal� pre�treatment,� thermal� recovery,� biological� treatment,�authorised�treatment�for�ELVs�and�construction�and�demolition�waste�facilities.� In�addition,�a�detailed�list�of�general�criteria�has�been�outlined�in�the�guidelines�for�the�location�of�all�waste�facilities�not�identified�within�the�five�types�listed.��Policy�Action�G.3.1:� � Development� of� siting� guidelines� (following� on� from� the� siting� criteria� included� in� the�draft�plan�in�Section�16)�will�have�positive�impacts�on�all�of�the�environmental�objectives.�It�will�be�crucial�to�the� protection� of� the� environment� that� along� with� the� lead� authority� for� each� Region� that� both� An� Bord�Pleanála� and� the� Department� of� the� Environment,� Community� and� Local� Government� are� involved� in� the�development�of�these�siting�guidelines.�Cumulative� Impacts:�Overall� the� impacts� will� be� positive� in� relation� to� ensuring� that� there� is� a� consistent�approach�to�the�authorisation�of� locations�for�the�treatment�of�wastes,�but�there�is�always�the�potential�for�negative�impacts�on�the�environment�from�infrastructural�development.�Mitigation� Measures:� The� application� of� siting� criteria will� offset� the� potential� shorter� term� temporary�construction� impacts� associate� with� infrastructure.� It� is� recommended� that� consideration� be� given� to�developing�Siting�Guidelines� in� due� course� to� guide� development� of� infrastructure� in� a� sustainable� manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� G.4� Implement�a�co�ordinated�approach�to�address�unmanaged�waste�and�the�potential�impact�to�the�environment�and�human�health�

Policy�Action� G.4.1� Identify�areas�of�low�collection�coverage�and�survey�householders�who�are�currently�not�

availing�of�a�household�waste�collection�service�to�determine�the�cause.�Policy�Action� G.4.2� Design�and�implement�a�programme�to�regulate,�enforce�and�communicate�in�areas�with�low�

collection�coverage.�Policy�Action� G.4.3� Engage�with�authorised�waste�collectors�to�design�solutions,�such�as�public�drop�off�areas�to�

serve�communities/areas�of�low�collection�coverage�and�implement�the�solutions.�

SEA�Objective*� G.4� G.4.1 G.4.2 G.4.3BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� +� + + +�PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�

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AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + + +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy� G.4:� Unmanaged� waste� is� an� estimate� of� waste� created� by� households� not� availing� of� a� kerbside�collection�service�although�it�does�take�account�of�households�who�deliver�their�waste�directly�to�landfills�and�other�bring�facilities.�The�quantity�reported� in�2012,�over�83,000�tonnes,�accounts�for�approximately�15%�of�the�household�waste�generated.�It�has�been�identified�that�in�the�Southern�Region�there�has�been�an�overall�decrease�in�the�amount�of�household�waste�managed�between�2010�and�2012;�this�is�in�line�with�the�national�trend�of�a�decrease�in�the�quantity�of�municipal�waste�generated�in�the�same�period.��Increased�collection�of�household�waste�in�the�Region�through�the�kerbside�collection�systems�will�have�a�positive�impact�in�capturing�an�increasing�fraction�of�the�waste�that�has�previously�been�unmanaged.��A�co�ordinated�approach�by�local�authorities�in�the�Region�and�waste�collectors�in�addressing�the�unmanaged�household�waste�will�have�positive� impacts�on�all�of� the�environmental�objectives,�especially�BFF,�PHH,�Soil,�Water,�AQ,�CF,�CH�and�LandS.� It� is� imperative� that�unmanaged�waste,�particularly�waste�disposed�of�by� fly�tipping�and�backyard�burning,�is�tackled�in�a�co�ordinated�manner�reducing�environmental�impacts�on�the�land�and�reducing� the�release�of�harmful�pollutants.�These�unregulated�activities�pose�risks� to�human�health� the�scale� of� which� relates� to� the� nature� and� quantities� of� the� waste� disposed� and� its� proximity� to� sensitive�receptors�such�as�a�water�supply�or�residential�developments.���Policy�Action�G.4.1:�It�is�estimated�in�the�Southern�Region�that�the�percentage�of�households�not�availing�of�an�authorised� collection� service� to� be� estimated� at� 33%.� In� addition,� a� number� of� the� less� densely� populated�counties�have�greater�than�45%�of�households�not�availing�of�kerbside�collection.�The�policy�recommendation�to�identify�the�areas�of�low�collection�coverage�along�with�surveying�the�householders�as�to�the�cause�for�not�availing�of�a�collection�service�will�have� long� term�positive� impacts�on� the�environment.�Through�this�policy�recommendation�there�is�high�potential�to�determine�the�cause�of�the�issue�with�householders�and�to�increase�the� amount� of� household� waste� collected� while� reducing� the� figure� of� unmanaged� household� waste.� This�would�have�positive�knock�on�effects�for�AQ�and�CF�reducing�the�level�of�emissions�such�as�PM10�and�dioxins�released�to�the�atmosphere�through�backyard�burning.��Policy�Action�G.4.2:�The�implementation�of�a�programme�to�regulate,�enforce�and�communicate�in�areas�with�low�collection�coverage�will�have�positive�impacts�on�all�the�environmental�objectives.�Raising�awareness�and�potentially�changing�individuals�behaviour�towards�how�they�dispose�of�household�waste�will�have�long�term�positive�impacts�on�BFF,�PHH,�Water,�Soil,�AQ,�CF,�CH,�LandS�and�Soc.��Policy�Action�G.4.3:�As�with�policy�G.4�and�policy�actions�G.4.1�and�G.4.2�there�will�be�overall�positive�impacts�on�the�environment��through�direct�engagement�with�waste�collectors�to�present�solutions�to�low�household�collection�coverage.��Cumulative� Impacts:�Positive�effects�on�the�environment�from�policy�actions�which�will� strive�to�reduce�the�quantities�of�unmanaged�household�waste.��Mitigation� Measures� Recommendation� that� policy� G.4� be� reworded� to� refer� specifically� to� household�unmanaged�waste.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

� �

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8.3.8 Policy�Actions�H�–�Other�Waste�Streams�

Policy� H.1�

Work�with� the� relevant� stakeholders� and� take�measures� to� ensure� systems�and� facilities�are� in� place� for� the� safe� and� sustainable�management� of� sludges� (sewage,� waterworks,�agricultural,� industrial,� and� septic� tank)� generated� in� the� region� having� due� regard� to�environmental� legislation� and� prevailing� national� guidance� documents,� particularly� � in�relation�to�the�EU�Habitats�and�Birds�Directive.��

Policy�Action� H.1.1� To� engage� with� Irish� Water� in� relation� to� national� planning� and� management� of� WWTP�

sludge�and�WTP�Sludge.�

Policy�Action� H.1.2�

To� engage� with� the� water� pollution� teams� of� the� local� authorities� to� ensure� that�environmental� legislation� and� national� guidelines� are� being� implemented,� including� the�inspection� plan� for� the� management� of� Domestic� Wastewater� Treatment� Systems,� and� to�review�the�management�options�for�the�disposal�of�septic�tank�sludge.�

Policy�Action� H.1.3� To� engage� with� the� NWCPO� regarding� specific� conditions� for� private� waste� collectors�

collecting�septic�tank�waste.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�H.1� Policy�Action�H.1.1 Policy�Action�H.1.2� Policy�Action�H.1.3BFF_1� +� + + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +� + + +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +� + + +�

Water_1� +� + + +�AQ_1� +� + + +�CF_1� +� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� +� + + +�CH_1� +� + + +�

LandS_1� +� + + +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�H.1:�Overall�Policy�H.1�is�applying�integrated�communications�on�an�administrative�level�with�relevant�stakeholder� groups� to� ensure� appropriate� sustainable� management� of� sludges� in� compliance� with� relevant�waste� legislation� having� regard� to� the� Water� Services� Act� 2007,� Water� Services� (Amendment)� Act� 2012,�Sewage� Sludge� Directive,� Urban� Waste� Water� Treatment� Directive,� Water� Pollution� Act� 2007,� Waste�Management�Act�1996�and�Waste�Management�(Use�of�Sewage�Sludge�in�Agriculture)�Regulations�1998.�This�policy� will� have� an� overall� positive� medium� to� long�term� positive� effects� as� it� will� result� in� effective�communications� between� stakeholder� groups� working� together� to� minimise� and� prevent� potential� adverse�impacts� in� relation� to� water� quality� and� sensitive� ecological� receptors� including� designated� European� sites�(SACs�and�SPAs).�The�process�will�enable�sludge�management�plans�to�address�the�control�and�management�of�sludge�in�an�environmentally�sustainable�way.��Policy�Action�H.1.1:�Ireland�is�now�fully�compliant�with�EU�sewage�sludge�policy,�as�outlined�by�the�EPA.�Irish�Water�is�currently�preparing�a�national�wastewater�sludge�management�plan�to�address�the�management�and�control�of�sludge.�Stakeholder�engagement�with�Irish�Water�will�result�in�positive�medium�to�long�term�effects.�The�principal�goals�of�this�policy�action�will�allow�local�authorities�to�provide�an�effective�method�of�preparing�and�implementing�the�sludge�management�plan�and�to�update�guidance�documents�and�codes�of�practice�with�regard� to� the� Southern� Region.� It� is� noted� from� the� EPA� scoping� submission� that� the� adoption� of� new�

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regulations� relating� to� Domestic� Waste� Water� Treatment� (DWWTP)� maintenance� and� desludging� (S.I.�220/2012� and� S.I.� 223/2012)� will� result� in� large� volumes� of� sludge� being� evacuated.� Currently� there� is� a�national� sludge� treatment� capacity� deficit� of� 50%,� and� it� is� noted� from� the� spatial� distribution� of� sludge�treatment�facilities�that�there�is�a�lack�of�suitable�infrastructure,�especially�along�the�western�coast.�While�the�preparation� of� sludge� management� plans� looks� to� be� within� the� remit� of� Irish� Water,� there� is� merit� in�promoting�and�supporting�the�preparation�and�implementation�of�these�plans�as�appropriate�within�individual�local�authorities.�Policy� Action� H.1.2:� According� to� the� National� Inspection� Plan� 2013� for� domestic� waste� water� treatment�systems,�approximately�one�third�of�all�houses�(500,000�households)�in�Ireland�rely�on�an�individual�treatment�system�to�treat�and�discharge�their�household�wastewater.�Stakeholder�engagement�with�the�relevant�water�pollution�teams�will�have�positive�medium�term�impacts�and�will�result�in�further�developing�and�updating�the�Inspection�Plan�which�is�currently�reviewed�at�least�once�every�5�years.�The�primary�purpose�of�reviewing�the�inspection�plan�will�be�to�ensure�that�the�strategies�implemented�in�relation�to�management�options�for�the�disposal�of�sludge�are�successful�and�effective�in�protecting�human�health�and�the�environment.�Policy�Action�H.1.3:�Stakeholder�engagement�with� the�NWCPO�will�have�positive�medium�term�effects.�This�policy� action� is� directed� at� collecting� septic� tank� waste� and� has� limited� direct� impact� on� environmental�receptors�provided�waste�collection�follows�best�practice�guidelines.����Cumulative� Impacts:� Positive� effects� on� the� safe� and� sustainable� management� of� sludges� with� increased�stakeholder�engagement.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

�Policy��

H.2�

Investigate�the�opportunity�to�establish�and�expand�management�schemes�for�particular�waste�streams�including�(but�not�limited�to)�paints,�medicines,�mattresses,�other�bulky�

wastes,�agricultural�and�horticultural�chemicals�and�waste�oils�(where�technically,�environmentally,�and�economically�practicable).�

Policy�Action� H.2.1� To�investigate�the�viability�of�running�a�pilot�scheme�for�the�management�of�farm�medicines.�

Policy�Action� H.2.2� Examine�the�possibility�of�expanding�existing�reuse�schemes�in�place�throughout�the�region�

for�bulky�or�hazardous�waste�streams�(such�as�mattresses�and�paints).�Policy�Action� H.2.3� To�transfer�knowledge�and�skills�on�the�successful�schemes�to�all�LA’s�in�all�Regions.�

SEA�Objective*� Policy�H.2� Policy�Action�H.2.1� Policy�Action�H.2.2� Policy�Action�H.2.3�

BFF_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�BFF_2� +� 0 0 0�PHH_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�PHH_2� +� + + +�Soil_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�

Water_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�AQ_1� +/�� + + +�CF_1� +/�� + + +�MA_1� +� + + +�MA_2� 0� 0 0 0�CH_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�

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LandS_1� +/�� +/� +/� +�Soc_1� +� + + +�

Discussion�Policy�H.2:�The�issue�of�establishing�and�expanding�management�schemes�for�waste�streams�including�(but�not�limited� to)� paints,� medicines,� mattresses,� other� bulky� wastes,� agricultural� and� horticultural� chemicals� and�waste� oils� (where� technically,� environmentally,� and� economically� practicable)� has� long� term� positive�environmental�effects.�These�positive�impacts�will�see�a�reduction�in�the�quantity�of�toxic�wastes�entering�our�waters� (ground� and� surface)� and� atmosphere,� which� will� have� a� positive� impact� on� PHH,� Water,� Soils� and�BFF.�� The� requirement� to� cater� for� the� management� of� additional� waste� streams� will� allow� for� appropriate�control�measures�to�be� implemented� in�the�prevention,�re�use,�recycling�and�treatment�of�wastes.�However�where� prevention/reuse� cannot� be� achieved,� the� requirement� to� manage� increased� waste� at� recycling� or�treatment�facilities�may�have�negative�impacts�on�BFF,�Water,�Soils,�AQ,�CF,�MA,�CH,�LandS�and�Soc,�through�the�unknown�nature�of�the�management�schemes.��Policy� Action� H.2.1:�A� pilot� scheme� focusing� on� management� of� farm� medicines� will� have� overall� positive�impacts�on�the�environment�as�it�would�lead�to�better�management�of�this�waste�which�has�potential�to�give�rise�to�significant�negative�impacts�on�the�environment�if�not�treated�and�managed�correctly.�A�pilot�scheme�will�give�the�necessary�evidence�base�to�allow�similar�schemes�to�be�rolled�out�for�other�waste�streams�such�as�paints�and�medicines.��This�would�result�in�positive�impacts�particularly�on�PHH,�Soils,�Water,�AQ,�CF�and�MA�particularly�through�reduced�transport,�emissions�and�leachate�generation.�A�Pilot�Scheme�of�this�nature�may�also�reduce�illegal�dumping�if�rolled�out�across�the�Region.��Policy�Action�H.2.2:�This�action�places�an�emphasis�on�expanding�existing�reuse�schemes�in�place�throughout�the�region�for�bulky�or�hazardous�waste�streams�(such�as�mattresses�and�paints).�The�quantity�of�household�bulky�waste�collected�by�authorised�collectors�in�the�Southern�Region�fluctuated�between�2010�and�2012.�In�2011,�39,470�tonnes�were�collected,�this�decreased�to�30,853�tonnes�in�2011�but�rose�to�34,627�tonnes�again�in�2012�therefore�any�measures�put�forward�for�reducing�the�quantities�of�bulky�waste�within�the�Region�are�considered� to�have� an� overall� positive� impact� on� the� environment� by� reducing�quantities� of� waste� going� to�landfill�or�alternative�treatment.���Existing� reuse� schemes� (i.e.� SMILE� and� Free� Trade� Ireland)� are� working� successfully� at� improving� the�sustainable�reuse�of� resources�and�reducing�the�quantity�of�waste�going�to� landfill,� therefore�the�roll�out�of�such� schemes� across� other� waste� streams� will� have� overall� positive� environmental� effects.� As� with� Policy�Action�H.2.1�there�is�an�unknown�nature�of�the�methods�involved�and�there�is�potential�for�negative�impacts�on�the�environment�if�quality�controls�are�not�applied�to�the�activities.��Policy�Action�H.2.3:�This�action�achieves�overall�positive�impacts�as�it�promotes�awareness�of�the�benefits�of�reuse�schemes�across�all�three�Regions.��Consequently�this�will�result�in�significant�commitment�to�awareness�raising�with�all�stakeholders�concerned.��Cumulative�Impacts:�Positive�effects�on�the�establishment�of�a�system�to�cater�for�additional�waste�streams�which�otherwise�may�not�have�been�managed�appropriately.�Mitigation�Measures:�Guidelines�will�be�developed�by�the�Regional�Prevention�Officer�and�applied�to�all�such�schemes�to�ensure�protection�of�human�health�and�the�environment.�In�addition,�waste�prevention�should�act�as�the�overarching�aim�of�any�Pilot�Scheme�introduced.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

Policy� H.3�Co�operate�and�input�into�the�setting�up�of�new�national�producer�responsibility�schemes�(statutory�or�voluntary)�for�waste�streams�to�ensure�the�role�of�local�authorities�is�clear�

and�can�be�practically�achieved.�Policy�Action� H.3.1� Participate�in�working�groups�for�setting�up�of�new�national�producer�responsibility�schemes.�

Policy�Action� H.3.2� To�ensure�better�segregation�of�hazardous�waste�and�non�hazardous�wastes�at�the�point�of�

collection�from�households�and�small�businesses.�

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SEA�Objective*� Policy�H.3 Policy�H.3.1 Policy�Action�H.3.1BFF_1� +� + +�BFF_2� 0� 0 0�PHH_1� +� + +�PHH_2� +� + +�Soil_1� +� + +�

Water_1� +� + +�AQ_1� +� + +�CF_1� +� + +�MA_1� +� + +�MA_2� +� + +�CH_1� +� + +�

LandS_1� +� + +�Soc_1� +� + +�

Discussion�Policy� H.3:� Overall� Policy� H.3� is� introducing� the� concept� of� local� authority� input� in� establishing� any� new�national�producer�responsibility�scheme�for�waste�streams�to�ensure�the�role�of�local�authorities�is�clear�and�targets�can�be�achieved.�The�establishment�of�a�new�national�producer�responsibility�scheme�will�have� long�term� positive� effects.� The� Waste� Management� Act� 1996� establishes� a� legislative� basis� for� producer�responsibility� initiatives� for� various� waste� streams� with� particular� regard� to� Waste� Electrical� and� Electronic�Equipment� (WEEE),� packaging,� end�of�life� vehicles� (ELVs),� tyres,� farm� plastics� and� batteries.� A� new� national�producer� responsibility� scheme� would� result� in� the� successful� contribution� of� Ireland� to� meeting� its� overall�environmental�objectives�and�the�diversion�of�high�volumes�of�waste�disposed�to�landfills.�This�policy�will�have�overall�long�term�positive�effects�as�it�will�result�in�the�management�of�waste�streams�in�a�sustainable�manner�and�implementation�of�the�‘Polluter�Pays�Principle’.��Policy�Action�H.3.1:�The�participation�of�working�groups�for�establishing�new�national�responsibility�schemes�will�have�overall�medium�to�long�term�positive�effects�by�assisting�the�Department�of�Environment�in�drafting�any�new�Regulations�for�waste�streams.��Policy� Action� H.3.2:� The� segregation� of� hazardous� waste� from� non�hazardous� waste� will� avoid� the�contamination�of�hazardous�waste�components�with�non�hazardous�waste�components.�This�policy�action�will�have� a� long� term� positive� effects� on� the� environment� through� ensuring� that� the� hazardous� portion� of� the�waste�is�kept�separate�and�treated�in�a�sustainable�manner.����Cumulative� Impacts:� Positive� effects� through� the� establishment� of� a� new� national� producer� responsibility�schemes�for�various�waste�streams.�Mitigation�Measures:�None�required.�

*Key: BFF – Biodiversity, Flora and Fauna; PHH – Population, Human Health; AQ – Air Quality; CF – Climatic Factors; MA – Material Assets;; CH – Cultural Heritage; LandS – Landscape; Soc – Social.

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9 MITIGATION�AND�MONITORING�

9.1 INTRODUCTION�

Article�10�of�the�SEA�Directive�requires�that�monitoring�should�be�carried�out�in�order�to�identify�at�an�early�stage�any�unforeseen�adverse�effects�due�to�implementation�of�the�RWMP,�with�the�view�to�taking� remedial� action� where� adverse� effects� are� identified� through� monitoring.� � A� monitoring�programme� is� developed� based� on� the� indicators� selected� to� track� progress� towards� achieving�strategic�environmental�objectives�and�reaching�targets,�enabling�positive�and�negative�impacts�on�the� environment� to� be� measured.� � The� environmental� indicators� have� been� developed� to� show�changes�that�would,�as�far�as�possible,�be�attributable�to�implementation�of�the�RWMP.���

It� should� be� noted� that� the� success� of� the� RWMP� in� achieving� the� objectives� of� the� Waste�Framework� Directive,� will� be� related� to� the� implementation� and� prioritisation� of� the� various�elements� of� the� RWMP.� For� example,� education� and� awareness� campaigns,� when� implemented�correctly,� can� provide� good� results,� within� short�time� frames,� for� minimal� relative� monetary�investment.�

9.2 SOURCES�OF�INFORMATION�FOR�MONITORING�

Monitoring�will� focus�on�aspects�of�the�environment�that�are� likely�to�be�significantly� impacted�by�the�RWMP.��Where�possible�indicators�have�been�chosen�based�on�the�availability�of�the�necessary�information� and� the� degree� to� which� the� data� will� allow� the� target� to� be� linked� directly� with� the�implementation� of� the� RWMP.� � Table� 9�1�presents� the� Environmental� Monitoring� Programme� to�track� progress� towards� achieving� strategic� environmental� objectives� and� reaching� targets,� and�includes�sources�of�relevant�information.��This�follows�on�from�the�objectives,�targets�and�indicators�presented�in�Chapter�6.��From�Table�9�1,�it�can�be�seen�that�the�majority�of�information�required�is�already�being�actively�collected�(under�the�RWMP�and�other�programmes),�but�not�all�of�this�is�being�gathered�and�reported�on�at�a�regional�level.�

9.3 MITIGATION�MEASURES�

The� Environmental� Report� has� highlighted� the� more� significant� potential� positive� and� negative�environmental�impacts�from�the�implementation�of�the�draft�RWMP�(including�cumulative�impacts).��The�mitigation�measures�have�been�identified�to�reduce�the�negative�impacts�identified�(see�Table�9�2�and�Table�9�3).�

Through� the� iterative� process� of� SEA,� some� mitigation� measures� have� already� been� incorporated�into�the�draft�plan.��This�has�been�noted�in�Table�9�3.���

As�noted�in�Chapter�8,�as�a�result�of�a�proactive�response�from�the�plan�team,�mitigation�measures�arising� from�the�Appropriate�Assessment�have�all�been� incorporated� into� the�draft�plan� through�a�combination� of� wording� changes� and� additional� text� within� the� plan.� � As� a� result� no� further�mitigation�measures�have�been�proposed�arising�from�the�AA.���

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Source�&�Respo

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Obj.�1

:�Biodiversity

�Flora�and

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ies�

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Obj.�2

:�Biodiversity

�Flora�and

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Inte

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Obj.�4

:�Pop

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Page 97: MDR0998Rp0012 S A02 171114 F01 Environmental R… · [SouthernRegion] [MDR0998Rp0012_F01] 78 5.2.7 CulturalHeritage The main issue for archaeological, architectural and cultural heritage

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Table�9�2���Mitigation�Measures�Relating�to�Assessment�of�alternatives�(see�Chpt�7)�

Alternative� Mitigation�Measure

Section�7.2�Self�sufficiency�

To�address�the�possibility�that�wastes�would�continue�to�be�exported�despite�capacity�coming�on�stream�in�Ireland,�a�strong�commitment�to�self�sufficiency�and�the�proximity�principle�would�need�to�be�factored�into�the�strategic�approach.�

Section� 7.5.3� Resource� Efficiency� &�circular�Economy�

A� Code� of� Practice� shall� be� prepared� for� the�Preparation� for� Re�use�sector� and� this� will� be� rolled� out� alongside� an� education� and�awareness�campaign�at�the�local�level�to�assist�operators�in�delivering�a�positive�sustainable�service�overall.�Registration�of�activities�should�also�be�considered.�

Section� 7.5.5� Infrastructure�(Collection)�

An� awareness� campaign� to� support� the� rollout� of� brown� bins� is�required.��Ongoing�review�of�the�feasibility�for�indigenous�paper,�glass�and�metal�recycling�capacity�is�required�as�part�of�the�overall�strategy�for�self�sufficiency�to�determine�if�volumes�of�waste�could�reasonably�support�smaller�regional�facilities�rather�than�sending�them�for�export.�

Section� 7.5.5� Infrastructure�(Backfilling)�

Future� authorisations� for� backfilling� should� ensure� proper� siting� of�facilities�in�line�with�appropriate�siting�guidance.��

Section�7.5.10�Protection�

To� mitigate� the� potential� spread� of� IAS,� a� qualified� ecologist� should�undertake� survey� for� IAS� before� waste� is� disturbed.� � A� management�plan� to� ensure� IAS� are� not� spread� from� the� site� will� be� developed� if�such�species�are�identified.���To�mitigate�the�potential�to�impact�on�the�Natura� 2000� network,� AA� screening� shall� be� carried� out� before�remediation�is�undertaken.�

Section�7.5.11�Other�Waste�Streams� Any�proposed�facilities�for�the�treatment�of�sludges�should�adhere�to�appropriate�siting�guidance.�

Table�9�3���Mitigation�Measures�Relating�to�Assessment�of�Policies�and�Policy�Actions�(see�Chpt�8)�

Reference�� Proposed�Mitigation�Measure�

A.1�A.1.1�

Negative� impacts�associated�with�Policy�A.1�and�Policy�Action�A1.1� relate� to�possible� impacts�associated� with� siting� of� infrastructure.� � While� it� is� acknowledge� that� the� draft� plan� includes�siting� criteria� to� reduce� the� negative� effects� of� implementation� of� the� RWMP,� it� is�recommended� that� consideration� be� given� to� developing� Siting� Guidelines� in� due� course� to�guide�development�of� infrastructure� in�a�sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.���

A.2� Any�review�of�fees�and�charges�should�take�into�account�how�they�might�indirectly�encourage�unsustainable�waste�management�activities.�

A.3.1� The�use�of�Key�Performance�Indicators�should�be�considered�in�the�annual�reporting.�

A.4�

Include�the�following�text�in�Policy�A.4:�…and�having�regard�to�the�protection�of�human�health�and�the�environment,�particularly�the�Natura�2000�network.���While�it�is�acknowledge�that�the�draft�plan�includes�siting�criteria�to�reduce�the�negative�effects�of�implementation�of�the�RWMP,�it�is�recommended�that�consideration�be�given�to�developing�Siting�Guidelines�in�due�course�to�guide�development�of�infrastructure�in�a�sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.���

B.2.2�Policy�Action�B.2.2�would�benefit�from�the�addition�of�environmental�legislation�relating�to�the�EU�Habitats�and�Birds�Directive�and�transposing�Irish�Legislation�to�ensure�all�Local�Authorities�within�the�region�are�aware�of�the�obligations�to�carry�out�AA.�

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[Southern�Region]� � � �

[MDR0998Rp0012_F01]� � 175�

Reference�� Proposed�Mitigation�Measure�

B.4.3�Policy� B.4.3� would� benefit� from� messaging� around� the� impact� of� waste� on� society� and�ecosystem�services�to�raise�awareness�across�the�region�of�why�waste�prevention�and�proper�management�is�vital�to�environment�and�human�health.�

C.1�C.1.1�

Negative� impacts�associated�with�Policy�C.1�and�Policy�Action�C1.1�relate�to�potential� impacts�associated� with� reuse� and� preparing� for� reuse� activities� operating� outside� of� any� permitting�regime.��A�Code�of�Practice�should�therefore�be�prepared�for�the�Re�use�and�Preparation�for�Re�use�sector�and�this�should��be�rolled�out�alongside�an�education�and�awareness�campaign�at�the�local�level�to�assist�operators�in�delivering�a�positive�sustainable�service�overall.��Registration�of�activities�should�also�be�considered.���

C.2.2�The�Code�of�Practice�referenced� in�C2.2�should include�reference�to�site�management�for�the�protection� of� human� health� and� the� environment� with� particular� focus� on� pathways� to�groundwater�and�surface�water�from�storage�of�segregated�materials.�

C.3�

Negative� impacts� associated� with� Policy� C.3� relate� to potential� impacts� associated� with�enterprises�operating�outside�a�permitting�regime.��To�offset�these�impacts�it�is�recommended�that� a� Code� of� Practice� be� generated� to� guide� development� of� enterprises� in� a� sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.�

E1�E2�

Future� authorisations� for� pre�treatment� activities� should� include� an� assessment� of� potential�impacts� on� the� environment.� � .An� AA� screening� should� be� completed� for� all� future�authorisations.�It�is�noted�that�in�Section�16.4�of�the�draft�plan�that�there�is�a�commitment�that�the� local� authorities� in� the� region� will� ensure� that� any� project� and� any� associated� works,�individually� or� in� combination� with� other� plans� or� projects,� are� subject� to� Appropriate�Assessment�Screening.����

E3�E4�E6�

New�CA�facilities�must� include�site�drainage�to�capture�all� run�off� in� line�with�siting�criteria� in�the�draft�Plan.�

E8�The� text� of� Policy� Recommendation� E8� should� specifically� reference� protection� of� the�environment� and� public� health� however� it� is� accepted� that� there� is� reference� to� the� siting�guidance�and�criteria�in�the�draft�plan�which�address�the�issue�to�a�certain�extent.���

E11�

It�is�recommended�that�prior�to�E11�being�implemented�a�feasibility�study�is�undertaken�of�the�permanently�or� temporarily� closed� landfills� in� the� region� to�determine�what�activities�may�or�may� not� be� appropriate� for� consideration� at� each� site� based� on� site� and� surrounding�sensitivities.� � It� is� acknowledged� that� the� Policy� Recommendation� specifically� refers� to�consideration�of�the�Natura�2000�network�and�this�is�considered�positive.��The�feasibility�study�should�also�consider�environmental�sensitivities�under�the�wider�environmental�scope�of�SEA.��

E12�

The� lead� authority� should� liaise� with� the� relevant� authorities� in� Northern� Ireland� to� ensure�there�is�a�management�plan�in�place�to�prevent�the�spread�of�IAS�associated�with�repatriation�of�waste.��It�is�further�noted�that�in�Section�16.4�of�the�draft�plan�that�there�is�a�commitment�that�the� local� authorities� in� the� region� will� ensure� that� any� project� and� any� associated� works,�individually� or� in� combination� with� other� plans� or� projects,� are� subject� to� Appropriate�Assessment�Screening.��This�would�apply�to�such�repatriation�projects.��

E14� The� Lead� Authority� shall� liaise� with� relevant� stakeholders� (including� the� EPA� and� NPWS)� to�ensure�an�appropriate�measures�are�in�place�for�control�of�the�spread�of�IAS�at�backfilling�sites.���

E15�E16�

The�spatial�imbalance�in�thermal�recovery�capacity�should�be�considered�as�part�of�any�future�authorisations.��Any�new�facility�must�comply�with�the�siting�criteria�in�the�draft�plan.�

E17�E18�

Siting� criteria� will� be� applied� to� offset� any� negative� effects� in� relation� to� siting� of� potential�facilities.��Quality�control�of�the�end�product�is�required.�

E19� It� is� recognised� that� based� on� economies� of� scale,� market� forces� and� end� market� locations,�national�facilities�for�processing�all�recyclable�materials�may�not�be�feasible�and�will�need�to�be�

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Reference�� Proposed�Mitigation�Measure�assessed�on�a�case�by�case�situation�against�environmental,�economic�and�technical�merits.

E20�As�a�minimum,�registration�of�reuse�and�preparing�for�reuse�activities�and�a�code�of�practice�is�required�to�ensure�that�these�activities�are�given�the�tools�necessary�to�continue�operation�in�a�safe�and�sustainable�manner.�Continued�promotion�of�reuse�at�industry�and�household�level.�

E21�The� standardised� approach� required� under� E21� should� facilitate� ongoing� inter�regional�engagement� to� ensure� maximum� over�sight� of� authorised� and� operational� capacity� on� a�regional�and�national�level.���

E22�–�E25�Siting�of�any�new�facilities�should�have�regard�to�the�siting�criteria�contained�in�the�RWMP.Consideration�should�also�be�given�to�extending�the�scope�of�waste�streams�included�in�the�PRIs�to�include�catering�and�food�waste.�

F.1� Results�on�monitoring�should�be�documented�annually.��The�use�of�Key�Performance�Indicators�should�be�considered�in�reporting�the�monitoring�results�

F.2�Results�on�monitoring�should�be�documented�annually� in� the�RMCEI�plan�and�the�use�of�KPIs�should�be�considered�in�reporting�of�the�monitoring�results.�The�RMCEI�should�contain�specific�criteria�to�address�the�management�of�waste�which�in�turn�should�inform�the�inspections.�

F.3�

The�proposed�Action�Plan�to�address�waste�arising�from�criminal�activity�should�be�prepared�in�consultation�with�various�stakeholders�including�the�NPWS,�GSI,�Gardaí�etc.�Responsibilities�for�implementing�the�Action�Plan�and�monitoring�requirements�to�assess�its�implementation�will�be�critical�to�its�success.�

F.4� Standard�mandatory�conditions�and�local�discretionary�conditions�should�consider�inclusion�of�screening�in�relation�to�both�EIA�and�AA�processes.�

G.1�Potential�negative�impacts�associated�with�Policy�G.1�will�be�offset�through�the�implementation�of� siting� guidance� to� be� generated� to� guide� development� of� infrastructure� in� a� sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.�

G.2�

AA�Screening�should�be�undertaken�for�all�Tier�1,�2�and�3�Risk�Assessments.��The�Lead�Authority�shall� liaise�with�relevant�stakeholders�(including�the�EPA�and�NPWS)�to�ensure�an�appropriate�measures�are�in�place�for�control�of�the�spread�of�IAS�in�relation�to�remediating�historic�closed�landfills.���

G.3.1�

The�application�of�siting�criteria�will�offset� the�potential�shorter� term�temporary�construction�impacts� associate� with� infrastructure.� It� is� recommended� that� consideration� be� given� to�developing� Siting� Guidelines� in� due� course� to� guide� development� of� infrastructure� in� a�sustainable�manner�which�protects�the�environment�and�human�health.�

G.4� Recommendation� that� policy� G.4� be� reworded� to� refer� specifically� to� household� unmanaged�waste.�

H.2.1�H.2.2�

Guidelines�will�be�developed�by�the�Regional�Prevention�Officer�and�applied�to�all�such�schemes�to� ensure� protection� of� human� health� and� the� environment.� In� addition,� waste� prevention�should�act�as�the�overarching�aim�of�any�Pilot�Scheme�introduced.�

The�draft�RWMP�has�included�the�majority�of�the�mitigation�proposed�above.��It�is�noted�one�of�the�most�significant�influences�of�the�SEA�/�AA�on�the�draft�plan�has�been�the�inclusion�of�siting�criteria�to� assist� in� the� proper� planning� and� development� of� future� waste� facilities.� � Siting� of� waste�management�facilities�can�be�a�complicated�process�and�is�a�critically�important�step�in�the�planning�and�development�of�any�site.��As�a�minimum�the�siting�criteria�set�out�in�the�draft�plan�(see�below)�must� be� followed.� � � The� proper� siting� of� facilities� will� ensure� the� impact� on� communities,� the�environment�and�important�habitats�can�be�minimised,�managed�and�mitigated.����

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Siting�Criteria�

In�general�the�location�of�waste�facilities�needs�to�consider�the�following:�

� Avoid�siting�waste� infrastructure�or� related� infrastructure� in�areas�protected� for� landscape�and�visual�amenity,�geology,�heritage�and�or�cultural�value.��

� Avoid� siting� waste� infrastructure� or� related� infrastructure� in� Natura� 2000� sites� including�Special� Protection� Areas� (SACs)� and� Special� Protection� Areas� (SPAs);� Avoid� siting� waste�infrastructure�or�related�infrastructure�in�proposed�Natural�Heritage�Areas�(pNHAs),�Natural�Heritage�Areas�(NHAs),�Statutory�Nature�Reserves,�Refuges�for�Fauna�and�Annex�I�habitats�

� Undertake� Appropriate� Assessment� Screening� for� all� waste� related� activities� requiring�development� consent� e.g.� new� infrastructure,� waste� authorisation� applications� or� reviews�(CoR,�WFP,�and�Licences);�

� Where� a� project� is� likely� to� have� a� significant� effect� on� a� Natura� 2000� site� or� there� is�uncertainty�with�regard�to�effects,�undertake�full�Appropriate�Assessment;�

� To� prevent� the� spread� of� Invasive� Alien� Species� (IAS),� undertake� an� IAS� survey� of� any�prospective� sites.� If� found� preventative� measures� include� ensuring� that� good� site� hygiene�practices�are�employed�for�the�movement�of�materials�into,�out�of�and�around�the�site�and�ensuring�that�imported�soil�is�free�of�seeds�and�rhizomes�of�key�invasive�plant�species;�

� In� order� to� protect� habitats� which,� by� virtue� of� their� linear� and� continuous� structure� (e.g.�rivers�and�their�banks)�or�their�contribution�as�stepping�stones�(e.g.�ponds�or�small�woods),�are�essential�for�the�migration,�dispersal�and�genetic�exchange�of�wild�species,�avoid�the�loss�or�disruption�to�such�features;�

� Ensure� that� no� development,� including� clearance� and� storage� of� materials,� takes� place�within� a� minimum� distance� of� 10�15m� measured� from� each� bank� of� any� river,� stream� or�watercourse�as�specified�in�the�CDP�area;�

� Ensure� a� Sustainable� Drainage� System� (SuDS)� is� applied� to� any� development� and� that� site�specific� solutions� to� surface� water� drainage� systems� are� developed,� which� meet� the�requirements� of� the� Water� Framework� Directive� and� associated� River� Basin� Management�Plans;�

� Avoid� development� of� waste� management� infrastructure� in� flood� risk� areas.� Reference�should�be�made�to�the�Planning�System�and�Flood�Risk�Management�for�Planning�Authorities�(DoEHG/OPW�2009)�and� the�National� Flood�Hazard�Mapping� (OPW)�while� referring� to� the�relevant�Flood�Risk�Management�Plan�(FRMP);�The�current�CFRAM�process�will�also�be�taken�to�in�account.�

� To�ensure�riparian�buffer�zones�are�created�between�all�watercourses�and�any�development�for�a�minimum�of�15m,�to�mitigate�against�flood�risk.�The�extent�of�these�buffer�zones�shall�be� determined� in� consultation� with� a� qualified� ecologist� and� following� a� Flood� Risk�Assessment.�Any�hard�landscaping�proposals�shall�be�located�outside�of�these�buffer�zones;�Consultation�is�recommended�to�take�place�with�Inland�fisheries�Ireland��and�National�Parks�and�Wildlife�services.�

� The�geological�and�hydrogeological�conditions�in�the�area�and�avoid�geologically�unsuitable�areas� including�karst�where�practicable,�and�areas� susceptible� to� subsidence�or� landslides.�Due�consideration�should�be�given�to�the�primary�water�source�of�the�area�and�the�degree�of�surface�water/groundwater�interaction�including�tidal�influences;�and�

� Impact� from�a� transport�perspective� to�be�assessed� including� road�access,�network,� safety�and� traffic� patterns� to� and� from� the� proposed� facility� in� accordance� with� road� design�guidelines�and/or�relevant�LA�guidelines�in�relation�to�roads.�

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� While� there� is� many� existing� closed� or� not� yet� opened� landfills� these� could� be� used� for�alternatives� waste� activities� as� they� are� considered� brownfield� sites� also� suitably� zoned�other�brownfield�sites�could�be�used�for�alternative�waste�activities.��

� Sites� that�offer� the�opportunities� to� integrate�differing�aspects�of�waste�processing�will�be�preferred�choices.��This�will�ensure�maximum�efficiency�of�waste�processing.��

The�local�authorities� in�the�region�recognise�the�importance�of�providing�facility�specific�guidelines�and� intend� to� develop� and� review� such� guidelines� over� the� course� of� the� plan,� see� policy� action�G.3.1.���

9.4 CONCLUSION�

The� RWMP� does� not� include� reference� to� specific� plans,� programmes,� projects� or� technologies;�therefore� it� is� not� possible� to� predict� site� specific� impacts� or� provide� detailed� quantification� of�predicted� impacts.� � At� this� strategic� level,� a� predominantly� qualitative� assessment� has� been�undertaken�focusing�on�achievement�of�environmental�protection�objectives.�

Following�a�review�of�the�first�draft�text�for�the�RWMP,�the�SEA�and�AA�team�proposed�amendments�to�the�text.��The�RWMP�team�has�incorporated�the�majority�of�these�amendments�to�the�final�draft�version� of� the� text� of� the� RWMP.� � The� objectives� and� actions� within� the� RWMP� promote� the�protection� of� the� environment,� human� health� and� the� Natura� 2000� network� ensuring� that�environmental�considerations�have�been�integrated�into�the�Plan.��

The� development� of� any� new� waste� facilities� will� comply� with� a� set� of� siting� criteria,� which� are�include� in� the� plan.� � In� addition,� both� existing� and� new� facilities� are� required� to� comply� with� the�environmental�protection�criteria�set�out�the�waste�and�IPPC�licensing�system.��

Many�of� the�actions�within� the�draft�RWMP�relate� to�coordination�of� resources�within�and�across�regions,� education� and� awareness� and� prevention� initiatives.� � It� is� considered� that� these� areas� in�particular�offer�the�greatest�potential� for�protection�of�the�environment�and�human�health�and�as�such,�the�draft�plans�will�result�in�a�broadly�positive�impact�on�the�environment.��Potential�negative�impacts� have� been� identified,� particularly� in� relation� to� provision� of� infrastructure.� � To� offset� this�impact,� siting� criteria� have� bene� developed� and� integrated� into� the� plan� with� a� commitment� to�follow� up� with� siting� guidelines.� � This� will� contribute� significantly� to� avoiding� and� or� reducing�associated�negative�impacts.��

In�line�with�the�amended�text�of�the�RWMP,�all�plans�/�projects�arising�from�the�policy�actions�and�recommendations�will�be�required�to�carry�out�Screening�for�Appropriate�Assessment�screening�as�required�under�the�Habitats�Directive.��

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10 NEXT�STEPS�

There� is� still� some� important� work� to� complete� before� this� Southern� RWMP� is� adopted.� This� will�include� some� further� technical� and� scientific� planning� work� as� well� as� recording,� assessing� and,�where� appropriate,� taking� on� board� comments� received� during� consultations� on� the� draft� Plan,�Strategic� Environmental� Assessment� and� Appropriate� Assessment.� � The� next� step� in� the� SEA� and�RWMP�process�will�be�an�eight�to�ten�week�consultation�period.��During�this�time�comment�on�the�findings�of�the�Environmental�Report,�the�Natura�Impact�Report�and�the�content�of�the�draft�RWMP�may�be�submitted�for�consideration.��Table�10�1�outlines�the�remaining�steps�in�this�process.�

Table�10�1���Remaining�Steps�in�the�RWMP,�SEA�and�AA�processes�

Date�

Milestone�

Regional�Waste�Management�Plan�Strategic�Environmental�Assessment�and�Appropriate�Assessment�

18.11.14� Publication�of�draft�Regional�Waste�Management�Plan�

Publication�of�Environmental�Report�and�Natura�Impact�Report�

Week�4�Jan�2015�(min�8�weeks�consultation)�

End�of�statutory�consultation��End�of�statutory�consultation�

Review�of�submissions�and�preparation�of�SEA�Statement�

End�Jan�to���March�2015� Review�of�submissions�and�amendments�to�RWMP�

Review�of�submissions�and�preparation�of�SEA�Statement�

End�March�to�April�2015� Adoption�of�RWMP� n/a�

End�March�to�April�2015� Publication�of�final�RWMP� Publication�of�SEA�Statement�

Written� submissions� or� observations� are� now� invited� with� respect� to� the� draft� Southern� Regional�Waste� Management� Plan,� associated� Environmental� Report� and� Natura� Impact� Report.� � Written�submissions�should�be�forwarded�for�the�attention�of�Regional�Waste�Co�ordinator�on�or�before�30th�January� 2015� (contact� details� below).� � Comments� can� also� be� sent� via� e�mail� to:�[email protected].� � These� submissions� /� observations� will� be� taken� into� consideration� before�finalisation�of�the�RWMP.��Early�responses�would�be�appreciated�to�allow�more�time�to�clarify�and�resolve�issues�that�may�arise.�

Regional�Waste�Co�ordinator

Southern�Region�Waste�Management�Office

Limerick�County�Council,�Lissanalta�House�

Dooradoyle,�

County�Limerick�

E�mail:�[email protected]

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APPENDIX A� �

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GLOSSARY� �

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Term� Explanation�

Alien�Species� Invasive�alien�species�are�non�native�plants�or�animals�that�successfully�establish�themselves�and�damage�our�natural�flora�and�fauna.�

Appropriate�Assessment�

An�assessment�of�the�effects�of�a�plan�or�project�on�the�Natura�2000�network.�The� Natura� 2000� network� comprises� Special� Protection� Areas� under� the� Birds�Directive,�Special�Areas�of�Conservation�under�the�Habitats�Directive�(collectively�referred�to�as�European�sites).�

Aquifers� A�water�bearing�rock�which�readily�transmits�water�to�wells�and�springs.��

Anaerobic�Digestion� The� biological� decomposition� of� biowaste� in� the� absence� of� oxygen� and� under�controlled�conditions�in�order�to�produce�biogas�and�digestate.�

Backfilling�Recovery�of�C&D�waste�through�the�permanent�placement�of�suitable�material�in�land�reclamation�or�engineering�purposes�where�the�waste�is�a�substitute�for�non�waste�material.��

Baseline�Environment� A�description�of�the�present�state�of�the�environment�of�the�P/P�area.�

Biodegradable�In� the� context� of� waste,� this� means� waste� that� is� capable� of� undergoing�anaerobic�or�aerobic�biological�decomposition,�such�as�food�and�garden�waste,�paper�and�cardboard�etc.��

Biodiversity�Word�commonly�used�for�biological�diversity�and�defined�as�assemblage�of�living�organisms� from� all� habitats� including� terrestrial,� marine� and� other� aquatic�ecosystems�and�the�ecological�complexes�of�which�they�are�part.��

Biological�Treatment� Involves� composting,� anaerobic� digestion,� mechanical/� biological� treatment� or�any�other�process�for�stabilising�and�sanitising�biodegradable�waste.�

Biowaste�

Under� the� terms� of� the� Waste� Framework� Directive� (2008/98/EC)� biowaste�means� biodegradable� garden� and� park� waste,� food� and� kitchen� waste� from�households,� restaurants,� caterers� and� retail� premises� and� comparable� waste�from�food�processing�plants.�

Birds�Directive� Council� Directive� of� 2nd� April� 1979� on� the� conservation� of� wild� birds�(79/409/EEC).�

Carbon�Dioxide�(CO2)�

A� naturally� occurring� gas� which� is� also� a� by�product� of�burning� fossil� fuels� and�biomass,� land�use� changes� and� industrial� processes.� It� is� the� principal�anthropogenic�greenhouse�gas�that�affects�the�earth’s�radiative�balance.�It�is�the�reference� gas� against� which� other� greenhouse� gases� are� measured� and�therefore�has�a�Global�Warming�Potential�of�1.�

Civic�Amenity�Sites�(CAS)�A� reception� facility� that� enables� householders� to� deposit� a� wide� range� of�household� waste� including� recyclable� and� non�recyclable� materials,� bulky�household�waste�and�certain�categories�of�household�hazardous�waste.�

Co�Incineration� Involves�plants�where�waste� is�used�as�a�fuel�or� is�disposed�of�at�a�plant�along�with�other�substances�where�energy�generation�or�production�may�take�place.��

Collection�System� A� system� of� gathering,� sorting� or� mixing� of� waste� for� the� purpose� of� it� being�transported�to�a�waste�recovery�or�disposal�facility.��

Compost�The� stable,� sanitised� and� humus�like� material� rich� in� organic� matter� and� free�from� offensive� odours� resulting� from� the� composting� process� of� separately�collected�biowaste.��

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Construction�and�Demolition�(C&D)�Waste�

All� waste� that� arises� from� construction� and� demolition� activities� (including�excavated�soil�from�contaminated�sites).�These�wastes�are�listed�in�chapter�17�of�the�European�waste�catalogue�(EWC).�

CSO� The�Central�Statistics�Office.�

Cumulative�Effects�

Effects�on�the�environment�that�result�from�incremental�changes�caused�by�the�strategic� action� together� with� other� past,� present,� and� reasonably� foreseeable�future�actions.�These�effects� can� result� from� individually�minor�but�collectively�significant�actions�taking�place�over�time�or�space.�

DECLG� The�Department�of�the�Environment,�Community�and�Local�Government.�

An�organisation�that�must�be�consulted�in�accordance�with�the�SEA�Regulations.�

Digestate� The� material� resulting� from� the� anaerobic� digestion� of� separately� collected�biowaste.��

Disposal�

Any� operation� which� is� not� recovery� even� where� the� operation� has� as� a�secondary�consequence�the�reclamation�of�substances�or�energy.�Annex�I�of�the�Waste� Framework� Directive� (Directive� 2008/98/EC)� sets� out� a� non–exhaustive�list�of�disposal�operations.�

Ecology� The� study� of� the� relationship� among� organisms� and� between� those� organisms�and�their�non�living�environment.�

Ecosystem�A�community�of�interdependent�organisms�together�with�the�environment�they�inhabit� and� with� which� they� interact,� and� which� is� distinct� from� adjacent�communities�and�environments.�

EEE� Electrical�and�electronic�equipment.�

End�of�Life�Vehicle�(ELV)� A� vehicle� which� is� waste� within� the� meaning� of� Article� 1(a)� of� the� Waste�Directive�(refer�to�Directive�2000/53/EC�on�end–of�life�vehicles).�

Environmental�Assessment�

The� preparation� of� an� environmental� report,� the�carrying� out� of� consultations,�the� taking� into� account� of� the� environmental� report� and� the� results� of� the�consultations� in� decision�making� and� the� provision� of� information� on� the�decision�(in�accordance�with�Articles�4�to�9�of�the�SEA�Directive).�

Environmental�Indicator� An�environmental�indicator�is�a�measure�of�an�environmental�variable�over�time,�used�to�measure�achievements�of�environmental�objectives�and�targets�

Environmental�Objective� Environmental�objectives�are�broad,�overarching�principles�which�should�specify�a�desired�direction�of�environmental�change�

Environmental�Receptors�

Include� biodiversity,� population,� human� health,� fauna,� flora,� soil,� water,� air,�climatic� factors,� material� assets,� cultural� heritage� (including� architectural� and�archaeological)� and� landscape� as� listed� in� the� SEA� Directive.� This� list� is� not�exhaustive,�and�can�include�other�receptors�which�may�arise�for�a�particular�P/P.�

Environmental�Report�(ER)�

A�document�required�by�the�SEA�Directive�as�part�of�a�strategic�environmental�assessment�which�identifies,�describes�and�evaluates�the�likely�significant�effects�on�the�environment�of�implementing�a�plan�or�programme.�

EU� The�European�union.�

Groundwater�

All�water�which�is�below�the�surface�of�the�ground�in�the�saturation�zone�and�in�direct�contact�with�the�ground�or�subsoil.�This�zone�is�commonly�referred�to�as�an�aquifer�which�is�a�subsurface�layer�or�layers�of�rock�or�other�geological�strata�of�sufficient�porosity�and�permeability�to�allow�a�significant�flow�of�groundwater�or�the�abstraction�of�significant�quantities�of�groundwater.�

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Greenhouse�Gas�Gaseous� constituents� of� the� atmosphere� that� absorb/trap� infrared� (thermal)�radiation�which� is�mainly�emitted�by� the�earth’s� surface�and� thereby� influence�the�earth’s�temperature.�

Habitats�Directive� Council� Directive� 92/43/EEC� of� 21� May� 1992� on� the� conservation� of� natural�habitats�and�of�wild�flora�and�fauna.�

Hazardous�Wastes�

Wastes� that� have� the� potential� to� cause� harm� to� human� health� or� the�environment.�Any�waste�which�displays�one�or�more�of�the�hazardous�properties�listed� in�Annex� III�of� the�waste� framework�directive� (2008/98/EC)� is�defined�as�hazardous�waste.�

Hierarchy�of�Plans� Both�higher�and�lower�level�P/P�relevant�to�the�P/P�being�assessed.�

Household�Waste� Waste� produced� within� the� curtilage� of� a� building/residence� or� self�contained�part�of�a�building/premises�used�for�the�purposes�of�living�accommodation.�

Incineration� A�process�by�which�heat�is�applied�to�waste�in�order�to�reduce�its�bulk,�prior�to�final�disposal�which�may�or�may�not�involve�energy�recovery.��

Inert�Waste�

Waste� that� does� not� undergo� any� significant� physical,� chemical� or� biological�transformations.� Inert� waste� will� not� dissolve,� burn� or� otherwise� physically� or�chemically� react,� biodegrade� or� adversely� affect� other� matter� with� which� it�comes� into�contact� in�any�way� likely� to�give� rise� to�environmental�pollution�or�harm�human�health.�

Integrated�Pollution�Control�(IPC)�licence�

An� authorisation� issued� and� enforced� by� the� EPA� for� specific� industrial� and�agricultural� activities� as� governed� by� the� EPA� Act� 1992� (as� amended).� An� IPC�licence�sets�limits�on�air�and�water�emissions,�waste�and�noise�and�requires�that�an�activity�must�use�the�Best�Available�Techniques�(BAT).�

Interrelationships� Associations� or� linkages,� related� to� environmental� impact� of� the� proposed� P/P�usually�on�environmental�receptors.�

Kerbside�Collection�

A� common� reference� for� the� practice� of� collecting� household� or� commercial�waste�directly�from�its�source,�often,�though�not�necessarily,�from�the�pavement�or� front� door.� � This� service� to� customers� generally� entails� waste� collectors�collecting�using�separate�bins� to�collect�waste�streams� (usually�dry� recyclables,�organic�waste,�and�residual�waste).�

Landfill�Directive�

A� Directive� which� aims,� by� means� of� stringent� operational� and� technical�requirements� on� the� landfilling� of� waste,� to� implement� measures,� procedures�and� guidance� to� prevent� or� reduce� as� far� as� possible� negative� effects� on� the�environment,�in�particular�the�pollution�of�surface�water,�ground�water,�soil�and�air,�and�on�the�global�environment,� including�the�greenhouse�effect,�as�well�as�any�resulting�risk�to�human�health,�during�the�whole�life�cycle�of�the�landfill.��

Landfill�Levy�

An�additional�environmental�levy�that�is�paid�on�top�of�normal�gate�fees�by�any�private�contractor�or�Local�Authority�that�wishes�to�dispose�of�waste�through�a�landfill� site.� The� landfill� levy� is� collected� through� landfill� operators� and� forms�part� of� a� policy� aimed� at� providing� more� incentives� for� reuse� and� recycling� of�waste.��

Leachate� The�liquid�produced�when�water�percolates�through�any�permeable�material.�It�can�contain�either�dissolved�or�suspended�material,�or�usually�both.�

Material�Assets�Critical� infrastructure�essential�for�the�functioning�of�society�such�as:�electricity�generation�and�distribution,�water�supply,�wastewater�treatment,�transportation�etc.�

Material�Recovery�Facilities�

Facilities�where�recyclables�are�sorted�into�specific�categories�and�processed,�or�further�transported�to�processors�for�remanufacturing.��

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MDR� Mixed�dry�recyclables.�

Mechanical–biological�Treatment�(MBT)�

The�treatment�of�residual�municipal�waste�(black�bin)�through�a�combination�of�manual� and� mechanical� processing� and� biological� stabilisation,� in� order� to�stabilise�and�reduce�the�mass�of�waste�that�requires�disposal.�

Metric�Tonnes� Expressed�as�‘t’�throughout�this�report.�Mt�=�million�tonnes.�

Mitigation�Measures�Measures� to� avoid/prevent,� minimise/reduce,� or� as� fully� as� possible,�offset/compensate�for�any�significant�adverse�effects�on�the�environment,�as�a�result�of�implementing�a�P/P.�

Monitoring�

A� continuing� assessment� of� environmental� conditions� at,� and� surrounding,� the�plan�or�programme.�This�determines�if�effects�occur�as�predicted�or�if�operations�remain� within� acceptable� limits,� and� if� mitigation� measures� are� as� effective� as�predicted.� The� primary� purpose� of� monitoring� is� to� identify� significant�environmental� effects� which� arise� during� the� implementation� stage� against�those�predicted�during�the�plan�preparation�stage.�

Municipal�Solid�Waste�(MSW)�or�Municipal�Waste�

Household� waste� as� well� as� commercial� and� other� waste� that,� because� of� its�nature� or� composition,� is� similar� to� household� waste.� It� excludes� municipal�sludges�and�effluents.� In� the�context�of� this� report�municipal�waste�consists�of�three�main�elements�–�household,�commercial�(including�non–process�industrial�waste),�and�street�cleansing�waste�(street�sweepings,�street�bins�and�municipal�parks�and�cemeteries�maintenance�waste,�litter�campaign�material).�

Natural�Heritage�Area�(NHA)�

An�area�considered�important�for�the�habitats�present�or�which�holds�species�of�plants�and�animals�whose�habitat�needs�protection.�

NWCPO� National�Waste�Collection�Permit�Office,�Offaly�County�Council.�

Non�technical�Summary�A�summary�of� the� findings�of� the�ER,� summarised�under� the�headings� listed� in�Annex�1�of�the�SEA�Directive�that�can�be�readily�understood�by�decision�makers�and�by�the�general�public.�It�should�accurately�reflect�the�findings�of�the�ER.�

Organic�Waste�Biodegradable� food,� garden� and� landscaping� waste,� and� where� the� context�permits,�will�also�include�industrial�organic�sludges�(e.g.�from�the�food�and�drink�production�sector).�

Pay�To�Use�(PTU)�Waste�compactor�units�which�members�of�the�public�can�pay�to�use�to�deposit�their�municipal�residual�waste�which�are�primarily�located�on�garage�forecourts�and�parking�areas�of�supermarkets�and�other�retail�outlets.�

Polluter�Pays�Principle�The�principle�set�out�in�Council�Recommendation�75/436/Euratom,�ECSC,�EEC�of�3rd�March�1975�1(20)�regarding�cost�allocation�and�action�by�public�authorities�on�environmental�matters.��

Preparing�for�Reuse�Checking,� cleaning� or� repairing� recovery� operations,� by� which� products� or�components�of�products�that�have�become�waste�are�prepared�so�that�they�can�be�reused�without�any�further�pre�processing.�

Pre�Treatment�

The� processing� of� waste� which� still� results� in� a� waste� which� subsequently�undergoes�other�waste�recovery�or�disposal�treatment.��Pre�treatment�activities�include� operations� like� “dismantling,� sorting,� crushing,� compacting,� palletising,�drying,� shredding,� conditioning,� repackaging,� separating,� blending� or� mixing� if�the� material� or� substance� resulting� from� such� operations� is� still� waste”.� These�activities�do�not�sit�on�any�particular�rung�of�the�waste�hierarchy�and�instead�can�be�regarded�as�“precursors”�to�specific�types�of�treatment.�����

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Prevention�

Measures�taken�before�a�substance,�material�or�product�has�become�waste,�that�reduce:�(a)�the�quantity�of�waste,�including�through�the�reuse�of�products�or�the�extension�of�the�life�span�of�products;�(b)�the�adverse�impacts�of�the�generated�waste� on� the� environment� and� human� health;� or� (c)� the� content� of� harmful�substances�in�materials�and�products.�

Producer�Responsibility�Initiatives�(PRI)�

A� series� of� initiatives� undertaken� by� the� Government� to� facilitate� better�management�of�priority�waste�streams,�in�line�with�the�‘Polluter�Pays�Principle’.��

Proximity�Principle�

The� principle� set� out� in� the� EU� Framework� Directive� (91/156/EEC)� whereby�member�states�should�establish�a�network�enabling�waste�to�be�disposed�of� in�one�of�the�nearest�appropriate� installations,�by�means�of�the�most�appropriate�methods� and� technologies� to� ensure� a� high� level� of� protection� for� the�environment�and�for�public�health.��

Ramsar�Sites�Sites� designated� as� internationally� important� wetland� habitats� under� the�International� Convention� on� Wetlands� of� International� Importance� (1976)�(Ramsar�Convention).�

RMCEI�Plan� Recommended�Minimum�Criteria�for�Inspection�Plan�

Reasonable�Alternatives�

Alternatives�should�take� into�account� the�objectives�and�geographical�scope�of�the�P/P.�There�can�be�different�ways�of�fulfilling�the�P/P�objectives,�or�of�dealing�with� environmental� problems.� The� alternatives� should� be� realistic,� capable� of�implementation�and�should�fall�within�the�legal�and�geographical�competence�of�the�authority�concerned�

Recovery�

Means� any� operation� the� principal� result� of� which� is� waste� serving� a� useful�purpose�by�replacing�other�materials�which�would�otherwise�have�been�used�to�fulfil�a�particular�function,�or�waste�being�prepared�to�fulfil�that�function,�in�the�plant� or� in� the� wider� economy.� Annex� ii� of� the� waste� framework� directive�(2008/98/EC)� sets� out� a� non–exhaustive� list� of� recovery� operations,� which�includes�material�recovery�(i.e.�Recycling),�energy�recovery�(i.e.�Use�a�fuel�(other�than� in� direct� incineration)� or� other� means� to� generate� energy)� and� biological�recovery�(e.g.�composting).�

Recycling�

Means� any� recovery� operation� by� which� waste� materials� are� reprocessed� into�products,�materials�or�substances�whether�for�the�original�or�other�purposes.�It�includes� the� reprocessing� of� organic� material� but� does� not� include� energy�recovery�and�the�reprocessing�into�materials�that�are�to�be�used�as�fuels�or�for�backfilling�operations.�

Refuse�Derived�Fuels�(RDF)�

Fuels� produced� from� waste� through� a� number� of� different� processes� such� as�mechanical�separation,�blending�and�compressing�to�increase�the�calorific�value�of� the�waste.�Such�waste�derived� fuels� can�be�comprised�of�paper,�plastic�and�other� combustible� wastes� and� can� be� combusted� in� a� waste–to–energy� plant,�cement�kiln�or�industrial�furnace.�

Residual�Municipal�Waste�The� fraction� of� municipal� waste� remaining� after� the� source� separation� of�municipal�waste�fractions,�such�as�food�and�garden�waste,�packaging,�paper�and�paperboard,�metals,�glass�and�is�usually�unsuitable�for�recovery�or�recycling.��

Residual�Waste� Means� the� fraction� of� collected� waste� remaining� after� treatment� and/or�diversion�steps,�which�generally�requires�further�treatment�or�disposal.�

Reuse� Means�any�operation�by�which�products�or�components�that�are�not�waste�are�used�again�for�the�same�purpose�for�which�they�were�conceived.�

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Scoping�

the�process�of�deciding�the�content�and� level�of�detail�of�an�SEA,� including�the�key� environmental� issues,� likely� significant� environmental� effects� and�alternatives� which� need� to� be� considered,� the� assessment� methods� to� be�employed,�and�the�structure�and�contents�of�the�Environmental�Report�

Screening�The�determination�of�whether�implementation�of�a�P/P�would�be�likely�to�have�significant� environmental� effects� on� the� environment.� The� process� of� deciding�whether�a�P/P�requires�an�SEA�

SEA�Directive� Directive� 2001/42/EC� ‘on� the� assessment� of� the� effects� of� certain� plans� and�programmes�on�the�environment’�

SEA�Statement�

A�statement�summarising:�how�environmental�considerations�have�been� integrated� into�the�P/P;�how�the�ER,� the� opinions� of� the� public,� and� designated� authorities,� and� the� results� of�transboundary�consultations�have�been�taken�into�account�and�;�the�reasons�for�choosing�the�P/P�as�adopted�in�the�light�of�other�reasonable�alternatives.��

Significant�Effects�

Effects�on�the�environment,�including�on�issues�such�as�biodiversity,�population,�human� health,� fauna,� flora,� soil,� water,� air,�climatic� factors,� material� assets,� cultural�heritage� including� architectural� and�archaeological� heritage,� landscape� and� the�interrelationship�between�the�above�factors.�

Solid�Recovered�Fuel�(SRF)�

High� quality� fuel� derived� from� mechanically� processing� residual� waste,� which�must� comply� with� the� international� standard,� CEN/TC� 343� (meet� minimum�standards�for�moisture�content,�particle�size,�metals,�chloride,�chlorine�content�and�calorific�value).�

Special�Area�of�Conservation� SAC)�Site�designated�according�to�the�habitats�directive.�

Special�Protection�Area� SPA)�Site�designated�under�the�European�Directive�on�the�Conservation�of�Wild�Birds�

Surface�Water�Means�inland�waters,�except�groundwater,�which�are�on�the�land�surface�(such�as� reservoirs,� lakes,� rivers,� transitional�waters,�coastal�waters�and,�under�some�circumstances,�territorial�waters)�which�occur�within�a�river�basin�

Thermal�Treatment�A�process�by�which�heat�is�applied�to�waste�in�order�to�reduce�its�bulk,�prior�to�final� disposal.� Thermal� treatment� can� involve� a� number� of� processes� such� as�incineration,�pyrolysis�and�gasification.��

Transboundary�Consultation�

If�a�plan�or�programme�is�being�prepared�that�is�likely�to�have�significant�effects�on�the�environment� in�another�Member�State,�or�where�a�Member�State� likely�to�be�significantly�affected�so�requests,�the�Member�State�in�whose�territory�the�plan� or� programme� is� being� prepared� shall,� before� the� plan� or� programmes�adoption�or�submission�to�the�legislative�procedure,�forward�a�copy�of�the�draft�plan�or�programme�and�the�relevant�environmental�report�to�the�other�Member�State.�

Treatment�Facilities�Facilities� where� waste� undergoes� thermal,� physical,� chemical� or� biological�processes�that�change�the�characteristics�of�waste�in�order�to�reduce�its�volume�or�hazardous�nature�or�facilitate�its�handling,�disposal�or�recovery.��

Treatment�Includes,� in� relation� to� waste,� any� manual,� thermal,� physical,� chemical� or�biological�processes�that�change�the�characteristics�of�waste�in�order�to�reduce�its�mass,�or�hazardous�nature�or�otherwise,�to�facilitate�its�handling,�disposal�or�

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recovery.�

Unmanaged�Household�Waste�

Estimate�of�the�quantity�of�waste�generated�by�households�but�not�captured�via�one�of�the�kerbside�or�non�kerbside�collection�systems.�

Upcycling� Upcycling�is�taking�an�item�that�is�no�longer�needed�or�wanted�and�giving�it�new�life�as�something�that�is�either�useful�or�creative.��

Waste� Defined�as�any�substance�or�object�which�the�holder�discards,�intends�to�discard�or�is�required�to�discard,�by�the�Waste�Framework�Directive�(2008/98/EC).�

Waste�Collection�Permit�System�

A� system� whereby� persons�with� a� view� to� profit� or� otherwise� in� the� course� of�business,�collect�waste�are�granted�with�a�permit�by�a�Local�Authority�in�whose�functional�area�the�waste�is�collected.��

Waste�Electrical�and�Electronic�Equipment�(WEEE)�

Refers�to�electrical�and�electronic�equipment�which�is�waste�within�the�meaning�of� Article� 3(a)� of� the� Waste� Directive� 2008/98/EC,� including� all� components,�subassemblies� and� consumables� which� are� part� of� the� product� at� the� time� of�discarding.�

Waste�Framework�Directive�(WFD)� Waste�Directive�2008/98/EC�of�19�November�2008.�

Waste�Management�Means� the� collection,� transport,� recovery� and� disposal� of� waste,� including� the�supervision�of�such�operations�and�the�after–care�of�disposal�sites,�and�including�actions�taken�as�a�dealer�or�broker.�

Waste�Minimisation� Any� technique,� process� or� activity� that� either� avoids,� reduces� or� eliminates�waste�at�its�source,�or�results�in�re�use�or�recycling.��

Waste�to�Energy�Plant�(Thermal�Treatment)�

A� plant� where� waste� undergoes� thermal� treatment� with� a� recovery� of� energy�due�to� the� fact� that� the�waste� itself�contains� large�amounts�of� thermal�energy�ready� to� be� liberated� either� by� combustion� or� by� synthesis� gas� production�followed� by� combustion.� The� energy� that� is� recovered� is� often� used� to� supply�electricity.��

Water�Framework�Directive�

The� Water� Framework� Directive� is� a� new� piece� of� European� legislation� that�promotes�a�new�approach�to�water�management�through�river�basin�planning.�The�legislation�addresses�inland�surface�waters,�estuarine�waters,�coastal�waters�and�groundwater.�