1. 1. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING File: MDIA-p3-04-HUMAN-CAPITAL-PEOPLE-150705.odp Peter Burgess (c) All rights reserved MDIA HUMAN CAPITAL PEOPLE
2. 2. EXPLANATION This slideset is A WORK-IN-PROGRESS. It will be upgraded periodically. It is part of a series of more than 50 slidesets. Navigation to all of these is available here: FEEDBACK is welcome. Please email to Peter Burgess peterbnyc@gmail.com with a catchy phrase in the subject line so that it gets attention, and please identify the specific slideset(s) involved. This explanation is version v150801. The most current text is available at: MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBadmin/DBtxt001.php?vv1=txt00010199 http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBadmin/DBtxt001.php?vv1=N1-Slidesets-p3
3. 3. PEOPLE ... At the core, the PURPOSE of ALL economic activity is to achieve and maintain an improved Quality of Life and Standard of Living for PEOPLE MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
4. 4. PERSPECTIVE Human Capital ought to be valued from the perspective of the individual and the people in the immediate family and society. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
5. 5. VALUING HUMAN CAPITAL Valuing human capital must be based more on 'happiness' of the person their quality of life than on the quantity of money transactions that flow through their life. Value of human capital is a measure of STATE more than it is a measure of FLOW. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
6. 6. BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE The idea that society is best served when people are more valuable to the business is far too limiting. Human capital is optimized when this and many other factors together are optimized. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
7. 7. More Money and More Stuff More MONEY and more STUFF has been used as a proxy for a better quality of life and standard of living. This has been a key driver of the modern Western style consumer economy, but it is becoming increasingly unstable in its present form because serious damage is being done to both society and the environment. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
8. 8. Something better is needed MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
9. 9. Better Metrics would help Better metrics would include both FINANCIAL performance and the IMPACT on SOCIETY (PEOPLE) and the IMPACT on ENVIRONMENT (PLANET). The need for better metrics has been recognized by a growing number of thought leaders and more and more initiatives are emerging which is very encouraging. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
10. 10. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING THE TVM* FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS * TVM = TrueValueMetrics
11. 11. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM by SEGMENT Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital MoneyFood Government Nature (life) Sun Nature (life) Capital Market Value Water Laws. Rules Nature (life)Land Shelter Infrastructure WaterClothes Industry Nature (life)Air Health Mining Ecoservices Education EnergySkills Waste Recreation Retail Culture LogisticsReligion Knowledge Technology Security Energy Mobility Profit
12. 12. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun EOP BOP = Beginning of Period STATE EOP = End of Period STATE PROGRESS is Change in STATE during the period. ALL the elements of the BOP and EOP STATES need to be quantified PEOPLE PROGRESS when MY STATE and EVERYONE'S STATE improves AND there is little degradation of NATURAL CAPITAL SOCIO-ENVIRO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM AND little degradation of MAN BUILT CAPITAL
13. 13. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING FOCUS ON PEOPLE and A PEOPLE PERSPECTIVE
14. 14. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING SunSun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun EOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Person uses money to satisfy needs Food Water Shelter Clothing Recreation etc Person Lives Eats Drinks Is protected Has clothes Recreates etc Person contributes time, energy and talent: to family; to friends; to society; to employer. Person thrives Family thrives Friends thrive Society thrives Impact metrics update social capital Organization thrives money metrics update financial capital Consumption impacts Man Built Capital and Natural Capital through supply chain, use and post use waste chain. Impact metrics update MBC and Natural Capital Activities and Impact of a Person Activities Person Impact External Impact Person Works Value to employer Uses time and skill Earns money
15. 15. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING SunSun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Person uses money to satisfy needs Food Water Shelter Clothing Recreation etc Person Lives Eats Drinks Has shelter Has clothes Recreates Has mobility Has services etc Person contributes time, energy and talent: to family; to friends; to society; to employer. Individual thrives Family thrives Friends thrive Society thrives Positive Impact On social capital Organization thrives money metrics increment financial capital Consumption impacts Natural Capital through supply chain, use and post use waste chain. Activities and Impact of a Person Activities Internal Impact External Impact Bad impact Good impact Person Works Value to employer Uses time and skill Earns money Person earns money from employment Person uses Man Built Capital and there is wear and tear EOP
16. 16. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Genetic makeup About Human CapitalSTATE is a function of Past, Present and Future Our nurturing Our surroundings Our education Our health care The Past Our food Our water Present Future Accumulated past The present value of the future The situation in the present Opportunities based on the characteristics of the PLACE Opportunities based on the capabilities of the individual
17. 17. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Human Capital Food Water Shelter Clothes Health Education Skills Recreation Culture Religion Security Energy Mobility Our genetic makeup About Human CapitalA Person's Past Our nurturing Our surroundings Our education Our health care Our food Our water
18. 18. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Wellness About Human CapitalSTATE Quality of Life Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Wellness State of health is a major determinant of quality of life. With good health, everything is possible, without good health, much less. A big part of wellness is determined by lifestyle what we eat and drink and how we exercise Family and friends Community Opportunities
19. 19. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Capabilities Capabilities are enhanced by education and skill training. They are also enhanced by lifetime learning. STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
20. 20. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Financial Wealth Some financial wealth is very valuable, but increasing wealth has less and less impact on quality of life STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
21. 21. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Financial Wealth A modest amount of financial wealth, enough to provide financial security is valuable and reduces stress enormously. A vast amount of financial wealth adds rather little to quality of life but does give bragging rights in a money centric society STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
22. 22. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Housing An adequate amount of shelter is a basic need. STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
23. 23. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Surroundings Surroundings matter especially for children. Children learn from their surroundings. STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
24. 24. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Security Security being safe is important to quality of life STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
25. 25. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Family and friends Family and friends are central to quality of life because, above all else, people are social beings STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
26. 26. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Community Community is something beyond family and friends. Community is place, and where there is access to the goods and services that are needed. Community is where there is access to education and health services, to utilities, etc STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
27. 27. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun BOP EOP Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Opportunities Capability on its own is not enough. There also must be opportunity, and this is usually beyond the scope of an individual STATE Quality of Life Wellness Capabilities Financial wealth Housing Surroundings Family and friends Community Opportunities
28. 28. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING PEOPLE at the CENTER
29. 29. but Business is Important because business is a very efficient way to run things. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
30. 30. But to what end? Business managers have powerful metrics to optimize PROFIT performance and the perceived VALUE of the company. Conventional business metrics only focus on the performance of the company from the PERSPECTIVE of the COMPANY and its OWNERS, not at all from any of the other perspectives. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
31. 31. Conventional business metrics are inadequate because they ignore important externalities like The negative impact on PEOPLE: Efficiency means more production for less labor; Less labor is a negative for employees (society); Cost of occupational health and safety ignored. The negative impact on the ENVIRONMENT Race to avoid environmental regulation; Costs to the environment are ignored; Impact on PLACE. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
32. 32. Efficiency must be Maximum improvement in Human Capital i.e. better Quality of Life and Standard of Living; Minimum degradation of Natural Capital Both resource depletion and environmental degradation Minimum depletion of Man Built Capital Man Built Capital has enabled amazing improvement in efficiency over the last 200 years. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
33. 33. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING CHARACTERISTICS of PEOPLE
34. 34. Many different groups ... a large group of people at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) with very little participation in the opportunities of the modern world; a growing number of employees in paid work, but with sub-standard pay and working conditions; a growing reasonably affluent middle class of business people, professionals and employees; and a quite small group with substantial ownership interests in the modern economy MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
35. 35. Grouping by age children; young adults without children; young families; mid-life families; older people in good health; older people in declining health MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
36. 36. People have different capabilities ... People who can do jobs to earn income; ... People who cannot do jobs but can engage in subsistence activities; and ... People with disabilities who cannot work and do not have income. ... People who have wealth and obtain their income from investments. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
37. 37. The system should optimize so that every group is progressing as much as possible with PEOPLE'S POTENTIAL the limiting factor. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
38. 38. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING ECONOMIC POLICY SHOULD BE MAINLY ABOUT PEOPLE
39. 39. In the end, its all about PEOPLE PEOPLE make decisions about Capital; PEOPLE make Policy; PEOPLE run Companies; PEOPLE buy Products and use them; PEOPLE make up Family and Society; PEOPLE are discovering Knowledge. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
40. 40. Its all about PEOPLE PEOPLE make decisions about Financial Capital What matters, where to invest PEOPLE make Government Policy Legislation Rules and regulations Government priorities PEOPLE run things They are C level managers They are middle managers They are workers and junior staff PEOPLE buy products and use them Products (goods and services) are the source of much Quality of Life PEOPLE are at center of family and community PEOPLE are discovering knowledge MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
41. 41. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING FRAMING THE METRICS
42. 42. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING PROGRESS is CHANGE IN STATE STATE = QUALITY OF LIFE
43. 43. Quality of life is a function of: The Individual What has happened in the past What are the possibilities for the future What is happening right now MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
44. 44. Also Character and personality traits; The family environment and close friends; A broader circle of friends and community; Knowledge from education and experience; Genetics, personal health and wellness; Access to food and water; Access to shelter; Access to goods and services; Security Financial wealth; Job opportunities and income. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
45. 45. Quality of Life affected by the INDIVIDUAL; the FAMILY and friends; the SOCIETY; The PLACE; PRODUCTS (goods and services); COMPANIES what they do in the PLACE; COMPANIES work opportunities. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
46. 46. People Human Capital FLOW Basic needs are: Food Water Shelter Energy for cooking Basic stuff A better quality of life requires: Access to health services Access to education Access to energy Access to transport Access to recreation Funds to pay for things Wealth or income from a job to provide funds Security physical security / food security / etc. Access to spiritual support A strong family and circle of friends A community that enhances QoL MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
47. 47. People Human Capital FLOW The critical constraints are: Time only n hours per year Health / energy / capacity of the individual MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
48. 48. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING ACTIVITIES OF AN INDIVIDUAL Input of Human Capital: Time, Effort, Skill, Ability, Knowledge Improves Society Improves Man Built Capital Pro Good Activities Buy and Use PRODUCTS e.g. Food, Energy Shelter, Transport Pro Money Activities e.g. Paid Work Non-Impact Recreation Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Improves QoL and Human Capital WASTE Liquid Gases Solids Natural Capital Depleted Maybe improves FC in HC Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun INPUTS ACTIVITIES BAD Impact State-EOPState-BOP GOOD Impact Use of Man Built Capital Use of Natural Capital Use of Solar Maybe improves NC Maybe depletes FC in HC
49. 49. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Job-Money Work Housing Health Time Skills Income Recreation Education ProGood Work Energy PLUS opportunities Improves society Food Clothes Resource Depletion Environmental Degradation BOP EOPThe Individual Sun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun PERSONAL ASSETS Energy Health Enjoyment Skills Experience Family Shelter Friends Money Stuff QUALITY OF LIFE Sun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun PERSONAL ASSETS Energy Health Enjoyment Skills Experience Family Shelter Friends Money Stuff QUALITY OF LIFE PRODUCTS use MBSS PRODUCTS Impact NC PRODUCTS Use MBSS PRODUCTS improve QOL
50. 50. These next slide ... Activities of PEOPLE have ... (1) Positive IMPACT on the individual and family ... (2) Positive IMPACT on Businesses and Financial Capital (3) Negative IMPACT on Natural Capital and to some extent on Man Built Capital MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
51. 51. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING SunSun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun Person uses money to satisfy needs Food Water Shelter Clothing Recreation etc Person Lives Eats Drinks Has shelter Has clothes Recreates Has mobility Has services etc Person contributes time, energy and talent: to family; to friends; to society; to employer. Individual thrives Family thrives Friends thrive Society thrives Positive Impact On social capital Organization thrives money metrics increment financial capital Consumption impacts Natural Capital through supply chain, use and post use waste chain. Activities and Impact of a Person Activities Internal Impact External Impact Bad impact Good impact Person Works Value to employer Uses time and skill Earns money Person earns money from employment Person uses Man Built Capital and there is wear and tear EOP
52. 52. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING SunSun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun SunSun Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Capital Natural Capital Sun When a person buys a product ... Person satisfies a need Person contributes time, energy and talent: to family; to friends; to society; to employer. Organizations In the supply chain benefit Supply chain impacts Natural Capital Activities and Impact of a Person Activities Internal Impact External Impact Bad impact Good impact Person Works Value to employer Uses time and skill Earns money Supply chain uses Man Built Capital and there is wear and tear EOP Use requires Products that impacts Natural Capital Use impact Man Built Capital Post use waste impacts Natural Capital
53. 53. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING File: MDIA-p3-04-HUMAN-CAPITAL-150420.odp Peter Burgess (c) All rights reserved MDIA HUMAN CAPITAL IS ALL ABOUT PEOPLE
54. 54. Human Capital quantification. Conventional wisdom is that the quantification of human capital cannot be done. But surely it must be done or the default in economic analysis is going to be that the value of human capital is zero. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
55. 55. What is the value of a baby? What is the value of your baby? The usual answer ends up being 'priceless' or some equivalent of this idea. Clearly a baby has a huge value and we should be able to assign a number to 'priceless' so that this number can figure in all the other computations that are done about society, the environment and the economy. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
56. 56. What value a death? The TrueValueMetrics position is that a human being is an asset with a positive value. Death means one less human being. Human Capital goes down when a person dies. It does not matter where a person is, or what station in life, human capital goes down when an individual dies. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
57. 57. Cost of living Living has a cost. In order to stay alive a person has essential needs. Essential needs can be met by purchase in a monetary environment or by work in a subsistence setting. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
58. 58. Value of human potential A person has potential like potential energy in physics. Every person has potential, but everyone has a different potential. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
59. 59. Contribution A person can make a contribution to society depending on a person's individual potential and the specific opportunities that are available in the PLACE. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
60. 60. The last slide Suggests that PEOPLE have the ability to enhance FINANCIAL CAPITAL through the medium of an ORGANIZATION. Also that PRODUCTS used in living mean that there is going to be detrimental IMPACT on MAN BUILT CAPITAL and NATURAL CAPITAL MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
61. 61. SUSTAINABILITY therefore requires: The husbanding of NATURAL CAPITAL so that ECOSYSTEM SERVICES are enabled to the maximum extent possible. The design of better PRODUCTS ones that have high value in use and a low detrimental life cycle impact. And deployment of metrics to make this possible and provide accountability MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING
62. 62. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun The IMPACT of WATER Use Water Survive for another day Sun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun SunSun EOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun Get Water WATER is incredibly VALUABLE
63. 63. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun LAND USE Sustainable agriculture Water purification About LAND USE Wetlands Intensive monoculture Coastal mangrove Urban infrastructure Roads, Parking Lots There is a limited amount of land There are multiple possible uses Money Profit Land is a factor in improving human capital, producing goods and services, locating MBSS, and providing very critical ecosystem services Suburban sprawl Housing Tropical forest Habitat Industrial operations Sun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun SunSun EOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun
64. 64. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun WATER USE Food production uses water Beverage production uses water About WATER USE Water is essential to LIFE Nothing is more important Household water use essential Industrial processes use water Rainfall and fresh water are abundant in some places but not everywhere Household waste also pollutes Waste water pollution from processes a critical issue Important for all processes to treat water before discharge Water is abundant, but most has too much dissolved salts to be potable Sun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun SunSun EOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun
65. 65. MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING Sun EMISSIONS SO2 acid rain CO2-Greenhouse Gas About ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION Air pollution has many forms, all of which are more or less detrimental to people and planet Particulates MH4-Methane-GHG Some emissions have a direct impact on health Nitrous oxides Freon-ozone layer damage Some emissions are greenhouse gases that cause global warming The atmosphere is not an infinite free dump for undesirable and toxic emissions All emissions have a cost Sun BOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun SunSun EOP Financial Capital Human Capital Man Built Structures & Systems Natural Capital Sun
66. 66. REMINDER This slideset is A WORK-IN-PROGRESS. It will be upgraded periodically. It is part of a series of more than 50 slidesets. Navigation to all of these is available here: FEEDBACK is welcome. Please email to Peter Burgess peterbnyc@gmail.com with a catchy phrase in the subject line so that it gets attention, and please identify the specific slideset(s) involved. This explanation is version v150801. The most current text is available at: MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBadmin/DBtxt001.php?vv1=txt00010199 http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBadmin/DBtxt001.php?vv1=N1-Slidesets-p3
67. 67. THANK YOU Some links and contact information: Peter Burgess peterbnyc@gmail.com Peter Burgess LinkedIn profile https://www.linkedin.com/in/peterburgess1 Link to TrueValueMetrics.org website http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/ Link to navigation to other slides in this series: MULTI DIMENSION IMPACT ACCOUNTING http://www.truevaluemetrics.org/DBadmin/DBtxt001.php?vv1=N1-Slidesets-p3