mdgs: a race against time
DESCRIPTION
Presentation from David Bull, Executive Director UNICEF UK, Sussex Development Lecture, 1 December 2011TRANSCRIPT
Millennium Development Goals:
A Race Against Time?
David BullExecutive Director
UNICEF UK
VIDEO: CHILDREN EVERYWHERE ARE UNDER PRESSURE
http://www.youtube.com/user/UNICEFUK?blend=21&ob=5#p/search/0/gxmKB4B1Bvw
(4 mins)
Malekena’s Story
“I’ve just walked five hours for my first antenatal visit. I hope that by visiting the clinic my new baby will be born without HIV”
The Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV and AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development
MDG 4: Reduce under 5 child mortality
Figures taken from, Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report 2011 UN Interagency Group for Child Mortality Estimation
MDG 6: Halt and reverse the HIV epidemic
UNAIDS Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic 2010
Number of people newly infected with HIV
Presentation outline
- Adapting to climate change
- Securing adequate financing
- Reaching the most marginalised
ADAPTING TO CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change in Mongolia
“In the blizzard I can’t see my way and I’m afraid of getting lost. I’m also afraid of wolves. My cheeks and ears freeze and the skin becomes cracked from frostbite”
Children’s vulnerability to climate change in different countriesRanking Country Total
PopulationUnder 18 population
Under 18 pop’n as %
of total pop’n
1 Bangladesh 150,494,000 61,091,000 41%
2 India 1,241,194,000
447,401,000 36%
3 Madagascar 21,315,000 9,759,000 46%
4 Nepal 30,486,000 12,712,000 42%
5 Mozambique 23,930,000 11,561,000 48%
6 Philippines 94,852,000 37,033,000 39%
7 Haiti 10,124,000 4,316,000 43%
8 Afghanistan 32,358,000 14,897,000 46%
9 Zimbabwe 12,754,000 6,0001,000 47%
138 UK 62,417,000 13,100,000 20%
Children and climate change
• If climate change goes unchecked it could cause up to 250,000 extra child deaths in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa alone
• By 2015, the number of people affected each year by climate related disasters is likely to rise by an estimated 50%, from 250 million per year to 375 million
Adapting the way we work
Cyclone proof school
Adapting the way we work
Water pump raised above flood levels
Selected donor commitments and disbursements to fast start climate finance
Country Pledged (Thousand USD $)
Committed in 2010 (Thousand
USD $)
EC 215 72
Denmark 231 53
France 1,804 601
Germany 1,804 501
UK 2,454 929
Japan 15,000 7,200
USA 1,704 1,704
Figures compiled by the World Resources Institute - http://pdf.wri.org/climate_finance_pledges_2011-05-09.pdf
Scaling up flows to meet climate finance commitments
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2002
00
3
20
05
20
07
20
09
20
11
20
13
20
15
20
17
20
19
US
$ B
illio
ns
Global aid
With climatefinance
FINDING THE RESOURCES
Global aid flows 2003-2009
Figures adapted from OECD DAC database
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
US
$ B
illio
ns
Projected global aid flows 2003-2012
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
US$
Hundre
d M
illion
Total Government Expenditures for selected countries 2005-2012
Austerity Measures Threaten Children and Poor Households: Recent Evidence in Public Expenditures from 128 Developing Countries, Isabel Ortiz, Jingqing Chai, Matthew Cummins. UNICEF (2011)
Projected Change in Total Government Spending, 2011-12 avg. over 2008-09 avg (% of GDP)
Austerity Measures Threaten Children and Poor Households: Recent Evidence in Public Expenditures from 128 Developing Countries, Isabel Ortiz, Jingqing Chai, Matthew Cummins. UNICEF (2011)
Chandika’s story
“A tiny pack of salt used to be three rupees. Now it’s five. Mustard oil is now very expensive at 80 rupees a packet. My children rarely eat anything other than salt and bread”
Options for increased financing
• Increased trade revenue• Improved domestic tax collection• South-South Co-operation• Financial Transaction Tax• Tobacco Tax• Air line Levy• Advance Market Commitments
DEVELOPMENT FOR EVERYONE: ADDRESSING
EQUITY
Mary’s Story
“I’m scared of the dark and the future”
Inequities in access to improved sanitation in Sub Saharan Africa
UNICEF (2010) Progress for Children: Achieving the MDGs with Equity
Under 5 Mortality rate in Brazil: National Level
(deaths per 1,000 births)
Under 5 Mortality rate in Brazil: State Level
(deaths per 1,000 births)
Under 5 Mortality rate in Brazil: Municipal Level
(deaths per 1,000 births)
Millennium Declaration
We have a collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality and equity at the global level.
... we have a duty to all the world’s people, especially the most vulnerable and, in particular, the children of the world, to whom the future belongs.
United Nations Millennium Declaration - http://www.un.org/millennium/declaration/ares552e.htm
Contribution of an equity approach to MDG 4
UNICEF 2010, Narrowing the Gaps to Meet the Goals
An Equity Focused Approach
• Identifying the most deprived children and communities
• Investing in proven, cost-effective interventions
• Overcome bottlenecks and barriers• Partnering with communities• Maximising the impact of available resources
Reaching all children with immunisation in Mozambique
Winning the race to meet the MDGs
- Scale up adaptation to climate change
- Secure adequate financing
- Reach the most marginalised