md nur a alam dahrah jones vivian lim crystal …...md nur a alam dahrah jones vivian lim crystal...
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![Page 1: MD Nur A Alam Dahrah Jones Vivian Lim Crystal …...MD Nur A Alam Dahrah Jones Vivian Lim Crystal Pywell Xinkai Yip MISSION IDENTIFICATION “A Storable Semi-Autonomous Emergency Supply](https://reader033.vdocuments.site/reader033/viewer/2022042911/5f42bf5b80fbd53ae87e93d8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
MD Nur A Alam
Dahrah Jones
Vivian Lim
Crystal Pywell
Xinkai Yip
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MISSION IDENTIFICATION
“A Storable Semi-Autonomous Emergency Supply Aircraft”
Goal: To design a storable aircraft that will fly 5 laps and autonomously deliver the payload within the designated target zone.
Team’s Strategy:
• Shortest mission time
• Carry minimum number of payload
• Drop payload immediately after 2nd lap
• Durable aircraft for durability to fly multiple missions
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Iso-View Layout Drawing
Top View Layout Drawing
Bottom View Layout Drawing
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AERODYNAMICS
Nicolai Drag Method Results
Cross-sectional view of NACA 4415
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
-0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
• NACA 4415• Properties: high CL, low CD
• Wing Dimensions• Chord = 0.6 ft, Area = 1.8 ft2
• CL,max = 1.02
• CD,min = 0.026
• L/Dmax = 16.5
• Wing produces the highest drag coefficient
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Cl
Span Location (ft)
Wing Lift Distribution
8 deg
11.5 deg
Clmax = 1.28
Wing Lift Distribution
Lift coefficient v.s. AoA for Airfoil, Wing and VSP
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
-8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Cl,C
L
Angle of Attack α
Lift coefficient v.s. AoA
WingCLVSP
CLmax
Drag Polar of Nicolai
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
CL
CD
Drag Polar
Nicolai
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STRUCTURES• 2 Spars configuration• Wing was idealized to be a box
and under linear load.
• Analysis methods:• Advanced beam theory.• Thin-walled Torsion theory.
MaterialsSkin 1/16 BalsaRibs 1/8 BalsaFlaperons 1/8 BalsaStringers 1/16x1/16 BassMain Spar 3/16 BassAft Spar 3/16 Bass
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MaterialsFuselage Skin 1/16 BassBulkheads 1/8 BassHorizontal Tail 1/8 BassVertical Tail 1/8 BassElevator 1/8 BassRudder 1/8 Bass
Fuselage:• Skin carrying most of the load.• 3x Bulkhead strategically
placed to mount Internal components.
• Payload mechanism mounted between 2nd and 3rd bulkhead.
• Bass sheet used to increase rigidity.
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PROPULSION
• Venom Fly LiPo Battery• Number of Cells: 3S (11.1 V)
• Capacity: 1300 mAh
• Maximum Charge: 30C
• Great Plane RimFire 400• Continuous Current Supply: 14A
• Burst Current Supply: 20A
• APC Propeller • Diameter: 10 in
• Pitch: 7
• Castle Creations Talon ESC• Max Amperage: 25A
Flaperon 1 Servo
Flaperon 2 Servo
Rudder Servo
Elevator Servo
PRM Servo
Figure: Simplified Layout of Propulsion System
Motor ESCBattery
Receiver
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• Power Required: 85W
• Power Available: 140W
• Maximum Thrust Required: 1.6 lb
• Maximum Thrust Available: 2 lb
• Maximum RPM: 7,500 RPM
• Maximum Current Draw: 20A
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
11.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9
22.1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Thru
st (
lb)
Flight Speed (ft/s)
Thrust of 10x7 Varying with Flight Speed at 7,500 RPM
Thrust Available
Take-off Thrust Required
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90P
ow
er (W
)
Airspeed (fps)
Power Required & Power Available at Varying Airspeed
Motor OutputPower AvailablePower RequiredCruise Speed
Figure P.1: Thrust produced by 10x7 APCE Propeller at Varying Flight Speed with Maximum Take-off Thrust and Cruise Thrust Required
Figure P.2: Power Curve of 10x7 Propeller at Varying Flight Speed
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STABILITY AND CONTROL
• Static Margin 12%
• Cm,α = -0.5
• Elevator Deflections• Cruise 2°
• Stall -11°
• Flaperon Deflections• Cruise 3.3°
• Stall 9°
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OTHER IMPORTANT ASPECTS
2 TENNIS BALLS
SERVO
SUPPORT PIN
FORWARD BULKHEAD
AFT BULKHEAD
STRING
SUPPORT RUBBER BAND• The payload sits between two
bulkheads
• A string prevents the payload from falling
• A servo with a pin holds the string in place
• When the pin is released, the string slackens and the payload is released
• Rubber bands sit at the top of the bulkheads to help secure the payload
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1. Aircraft determines position, speed, and direction
2. Determines which lap aircraft is on
3. Determines if the aircraft is travelling at a safe speed to release the payload
4. Determines if the aircraft is near the target
5. Payload Release!
PAYLOAD RELEASE LOGIC
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WEIGHT BUILD-UP & COST
Payload14%
ESC1%
Motor9%
Wing Ribs (18)1%
Battery pack12%
Propeller4%
PRM2%Servos
7%Receiver
2%
Skin18%
Coverlite2%
Bulkheads3%
Main Spar6%
Secondary Spar7%
V-Tail3%
H-Tail6%
GPS2%
EXPLODED WEIGHT
AIRCRAFT INVENTORY & COSTSItem (materials, parts, etc.) Total Cost
RAW MATERIALSBalsa Wood Sheets $17.58
Basswood Sticks $1.12Basswood Sheets $23.13
PROPULSION SYSTEMMotor $49.99Battery $37.98
ESC $44.95X8R Reciever $35.62
Electric Propeller $7.36Dubro 1-1/2" Spinner $4.75Cross Motor Mount $3.99
Prop Adapter $4.99Bullet Connectors $5.48
Servos $63.96PAYLOAD RELEASE MECHANISMArduino Nano $6.40
MPU 6050 $9.30BN-880 $22.56
Tennis Balls $6.23Rubber Bands $5.99
Servo $3.89String $4.99
MISCELLANEOUSControl Horn $7.50Nylon Hinges $6.25
Coverlite $76.96Insta-Cure Glue $18.29
Music Wire $9.02$478.28
Estimated Total Weight: 1.85 lb