md 15128 and its impact on lab facilities

MD 15128 and Its Impact on Lab Facilities RPIC / SLCan Sustainable Laboratories

Regional Workshop September 5, 2013

Timothy Ma, P. Eng., M. Eng., PMP Senior Mechanical Engineer Mechanical and Laboratory Engineering Advisory and Practices (Professional Services) PTSM/HQ, Real Property Branch

Professional & Technical Service Management (PTSM)

•  National Centre of Expertise (NCOE) for Architectural and Engineering Services

•  Provide technical direction, advisory and support to: –  All 6 regions in PWGSC

–  Other government departments and agencies

–  Consultants

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Technical Standards and Guidelines

•  MD 15000 – Environmental Standard •  MD 15126 – Laboratory HVAC •  MD 15129 – Perchloric Hoods •  MD 15161 – Control of Legionella in Mechanical

Systems •  ED 16200 - Elevators •  Commissioning Procedures and Manuals •  Lightings and Controls Standard

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TOPICS 1.  Background

2.  What is in MD 15128 – 2013?

3.  Intent of MD 15128

4.  MD 15128 and ASHRAE 110

5.  Other Relevant Fume Hood Testing Standards

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What is a fume hood?

It is a ventilated, partially enclosed work space designed to accomplish the following:

•  Capture, contain, and exhaust all contaminants generated within the enclosure.

•  Prevent the spread of contaminants outside the fume hood to the laboratory user and other laboratory personnel.

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Bypass Fumehood

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Why test fume hoods?

1.  Fume hood performance to contain contaminants is directly related to the health and safety of lab workers.

2.  Performance can change/deteriorate over time.

3.  Testing is required to ensure compliance with Canada Labour Code Part II Occupational Health and Safety.

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Treasury Board Directive TB 5-1 Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations •  Prior to 2004, all federal departments were required to

follow TB 5-1 Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations. •  Types of fume hood tests:

1.  Face velocity 2.  Exhaust air volume 3.  Fan performance 4.  Smoke test

•  Frequency of fume hood tests –  New installations –  Annually after installation

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Treasury Board Directive TB 5-1

Safety Guide for Laboratory Operations

•  In 2004, TB acknowledged that TB 5-1 was not current and would not be updated.

•  TB encouraged individual departments to establish their own performance criteria and testing procedures.

•  TB 5-1 has been archived since 2005 and is no longer applicable.

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Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat

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PWGSC Mechanical Design Guidelines

MD 15128 - Laboratory Fume Hoods

•  In January 2004, PWGSC published MD15128 – 2004 Minimum Guidelines for Laboratory Fume Hoods.

•  MD 15128 was an effort by PWGSC to update guidelines on the performance criteria for fume hoods.

•  PWGSC endorsed and promoted MD 15128 for all federal departments.

•  In June 2008, PWGSC published MD 15128 – 2008 Laboratory Fume Hoods.

•  In April 2013, PWGSC published MD 15128 – 2013 Laboratory Fume Hoods.

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Laboratory Fume Hoods Guidelines MD 15128 - 2013

•  I2SL website http://www.i2sl.org/elibrary/documents/fumehoods2013.pdf

•  GCPedia website English

http://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/index.php?title=Engineering and technical services&setlang=en&uselang=e

French http://www.gcpedia.gc.ca/gcwiki/index.php?title=génie mécanique et électrique&setlang=fr&uselang=fr

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What is in MD15128 – 2013?

•  Update of MD 15128 – 2008

•  Test procedures updated/improved due to new fume hoods and technologies becoming available in the market

•  Update based on 4- to 5-year update cycle

•  Tests aligned with ASHRAE 110P

•  Addenda A and B of MD 15128 – 2008 incorporated into MD 15128 – 2013

•  Six chapters and four appendices 13

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Contents

Chapter 1: General

Chapter 2: Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods

Chapter 3: Laboratory Fume Hood Design Elements

Chapter 4: Fume Hoods and Laboratory Layout

Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral with Commissioning Efforts

Chapter 6: Fume Hood Performance and Testing Requirements

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Contents

Appendix A: Smoke Visualization Test Protocol

Appendix B: Use and Maintenance of Laboratory Fume Hoods

Appendix C: On-Site Test Forms

Appendix D: Fume Hood Operation, Controls, and Alarms

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Chapter 1: General Responsibility for Laboratory Safety

•  The laboratory director is responsible for lab users’ health and safety.

•  New fume hood installations must meet MD 15128.

•  Changes in the use of fume hoods must be approved by the laboratory director.

•  Safety directives must be developed and training provided.

•  Regular O&M review and reporting are required. 16

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Chapter 2: Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods

Descriptions of Different Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods •  Constant air volume bypass •  Variable air volume •  High performance •  Floor-mounted •  Perchloric acid •  Radioisotope •  Auxiliary air •  Ductless

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Chapter 3: Laboratory Fume Hood Design Elements

Descriptions of Design Elements of Different Types of Laboratory Fume Hoods •  Constant air volume bypass, variable air volume, high performance •  Accessories •  Laboratory services – electrical, plumbing, fixtures, etc. •  Integrate with lab HVAC and exhaust systems •  Operating modes – occupied and unoccupied, in-use and not in-use •  Operations, controls and alarms

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Fume Hood Locations •  in areas of minimum turbulence •  2.4 m away from laboratory entrance •  sidewall 300 mm away from any wall •  1.5 m spacing when facing each other •  1.5 m away from opposite wall •  1 m away from nearest furniture

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Supply Air Diffuser Locations (Good, Better, Best)

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6 FT Diffuser Zone 1 Diffuser

Zone 1

Diffuser Zone 2 Diffuser

Zone 2 Diffuser Zone 3

1 . 5 m

45 °

Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral With Commissioning Efforts

•  Fume hoods must function together with lab supply air, exhaust air, and lab static pressure settings.

•  Many subcontractors are needed to be involved in the commissioning of a laboratory:

–  General contractor –  Fume hood manufacturer representative –  Test, adjustment, and balance (TAB) subcontractor –  Building Automation System (BAS) controls subcontractor –  Fume hood testing agent

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Chapter 5: Fume Hood Tests Integral With Commissioning Efforts

•  Table 5-1 identifies tasks and responsibilities in the following applications:

–  purchase, and manufacturer’s tests –  installation – new fume hoods –  on site tests – new fume hoods –  annual tests – existing fume hoods

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Chapter 6: Fume Hood Performance and Testing Requirements

Recommended Qualifications of Testing Agent 1.  Minimum 3 years’ experience in fume hood testing 2.  HVAC Systems and Laboratory Design course 3.  ASHRAE 110 Testing Workshop or Fume Hood Testing

Seminar for Certified Professionals 4.  Full cognizance of MD 15128

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Recommended Performance Criteria for Cross Draft Tests

Table 6-1: Cross Draft Tests

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3 As Manufactured

On Site (As Installed/As Used)

Cross drafts measured 1.5 m above floor level and 0.5 m from hood; test with sash at normal operating position.

Challenge fume hood performance: During all tests in Tables 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, and 6-5, create a single 0.25 m/s cross draft, directed horizontally, 45 degrees incident to the plane of the sash.

• New fume hoods in new/refitted lab: Average value less than or equal to 0.15 m/s • Existing fume hoods: Average value less than 0.25 m/s

Figure 6-1: Cross Draft Testing

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Recommended Performance Criteria for Velocity and Flow Tests

Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - CAV Bypass Fume Hoods

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3 As Manufactured


Face velocity: At design sash position

Average of all readings

0.5 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.02 m/s

Variation allowed for individual readings

± 20% of average ± 20% of average

Bypass effectiveness

Ave. face vel. at 150 mm sash opening

< 1.25 m/s < 1.25 m/s


Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - High Performance Fume Hoods

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Face velocity Average 0.3 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.35 m/s ± 0.02 m/s


± 0.05 m/s No reading less than 0.25 m/s


Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continue on next page)

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As Manufactured


Face velocity: At design sash position

Average 0.5 m/s ± 0.01 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.02 m/s



Face velocity: Sash at 66% and 33% of design sash position

Average 0.5 m/s ± 0.05 m/s 0.5 m/s ± 0.05 m/s




Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continued)

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As Manufactured


Flow response

VAV speed of response: time to reach 90% of the average steady-state value

Within 3 seconds of initial sash movement


VAV time to steady state: return to ± 10% of avg. face velocity or flow



Minimum flow per ANSI Z9.5

Sash lowered completely Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour

Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour


Table 6-2: Velocity and Flow Tests - VAV Fume Hoods (continued)

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As Manufactured


Flow response

VAV speed of response: time to reach 90% of the average steady-state value



VAV time to steady state: return to ± 10% of avg. face velocity or flow



Minimum flow per ANSI Z9.5

Sash lowered completely Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour

Capable of maintaining 150 to 375 air changes per hour

Table 6-3: Smoke Visualization Performance Criteria

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Rating Initial Observation Final Observation

Pass High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is not observed within 150 mm of sash plane.

The hood receives a High Pass rating.

Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed within 150 mm of sash plane, but is not observed outside the plane of the sash.

The hood receives a Low Pass rating.

Fail Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed as an intermittent escape outside the plane of the sash. This occurrence automatically is assigned a Low Fail rating and requires two additional tests be conducted at this location to confirm escape.

If the observations during the 2nd or 3rd tests indicate repeated escape beyond the plane of the sash, the rating of Low Fail remains. If there is no indication of repeated escape, the test receives a Low Pass rating.

High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed continuously escaping outside the plane of the sash, or intermittently beyond the plane of the sash and into the room.

The hood receives a High Fail rating.

Table 6-3: Smoke Visualization Performance Criteria

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Rating Initial Observation Final Observation

Pass High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is not observed within 150 mm of sash plane.

The hood receives a High Pass rating.

Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed within 150 mm of sash plane, but is not observed outside the plane of the sash.

The hood receives a Low Pass rating.

Fail Low Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed as an intermittent escape outside the plane of the sash. This occurrence automatically is assigned a Low Fail rating and requires two additional tests be conducted at this location to confirm escape.

If the observations during the 2nd or 3rd tests indicate repeated escape beyond the plane of the sash, the rating of Low Fail remains. If there is no indication of repeated escape, the test receives a Low Pass rating.

High Smoke discharged from the diffuser is observed continuously escaping outside the plane of the sash, or intermittently beyond the plane of the sash and into the room.

The hood receives a High Fail rating.

Smoke Generator

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•  equipped with an analog controller that can control the volume of smoke generation, and the time interval between smoke generation cycles.

• The smoke fluid consumption rates are controllable between 1 ml/min and 10 ml/min (high volume challenge).

Smoke Diffuser

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•  a self supporting device that can be placed in the hood

•  diffusion exit velocities < 0.127 m/s (25 fpm)

•  delivering smoke at a rate of up to 4.4 l/s (8-9 cfm)

•  The vertical height is longer than the design operating sash height, minimum 76.2 cm (30 inches)

•  Outside diameter is 11.4 cm (4.5 inches)

Primary Smoke

Diffusion

Final Smoke

Diffusion

Smoke Generator and Diffuser Set-up

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Smoke Diffuser

Air Flow

Smoke Transfer

Hose

Smoke Generator

and Transfer

Fan

Tracer Gas Tests

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3 As Manufactured On Site (As Installed/As Used)

Tracer gas—static sash position

Design sash position Ave. < 0.025 ppm Peak < 0.100 ppm

Ave. < 0.05 ppm Peak < 0.25 ppm

Sash fully open Ave. < 0.05 ppm Peak < 0.25 ppm

On a project-specific basis, designers to determine the need for fully open sash testing (not for CAV hoods)

Table 6-4: Tracer Gas Tests (continue on next page)

Tracer Gas Tests

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Peripheral scan, design sash position

Record all detectable concentrations and their locations; record 30-second rolling averages

Include in test report. Seek approval from project authority

Include in test report. Seek approval from project authority

Sash movement effect

Maximum 45-second rolling average

< 0.05 ppm < 0.05 ppm

Table 6-4: Tracer Gas Tests (continued)

Table 6-5: Additional Required Tests

•  Simulated experimental apparatus placed inside fume hood, with all velocity, visualization and tracer gas tests repeated

•  On site, as used condition •  Fume hood monitor and alarm

•  Accurate within 5% of average face velocity or flow •  Alarm response within 10 seconds

•  Hood static pressure •  At design sash position and 0.5 m/s face velocity •  < 62 Pa

•  Noise level •  At working position in front of fume hood •  < 70 dBA 38

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Table 6-7: Fume Hood Test Frequency

•  Annual tests •  Cross drafts •  Face velocity •  CAV bypass effectiveness •  VAV flow response •  VAV minimum flow •  Smoke visualization •  VAV response and stability •  Fume hood monitor and alarm •  Static pressure •  Noise level •  Calibration of sensors connected to BAS 39

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Table 6-7: Fume Hood Test Frequency

•  Every five years •  Tracer gas – static sash position •  Tracer gas – peripheral scan •  Tracer gas – sash movement effect •  20% of hoods can be tested every year, instead of 100%

every 5 years

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Summary of Updates in MD15128 – 2013

•  Clarification of lab director’s role

•  Preferred air supply diffuser locations

•  Responsibility matrix: fume hood purchase, installation, and testing

•  Smoke visualization test with modified fog generator and diffuser

•  Peripheral scan tracer gas test

•  More detailed test procedures

•  Digital collection of data 41

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Is MD 15128 more stringent than ASHRAE 110?

•  ASHRAE 110 Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory Fume Hoods provides testing procedures only. •  MD 15128 provides performance criteria for each procedure.

•  The two documents complement each other.

•  E.g., Face Velocity Test: •  ASHRAE 110 specifies how to do the test. •  MD 15128 specifies the acceptable performance at 0.5 m/s at

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Do departments other than PWGSC have to follow MD 15128?

No. “TB encouraged individual departments to establish their own performance criteria and testing procedures.”

PWGSC highly recommends OGDs to adopt MD 15128: •  It is the only document of its kind in the Government of Canada. •  It is widely recognized in the fume hood industry. •  PWGSC has extensive expertise in this area.

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Can a fume hood tester declare that a fume hood fails and is not to be used ?

No.

•  Only the laboratory director has the authority to declare that a fume hood fails and is not to be used.

•  The fume hood tester should only provide test results, stating the MD 15128 criteria that were not met.

•  Reason: Only the lab director understands the risks of the contaminants.

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Clarification of the Intent of MD 15128 “MD 15128 criteria will increase our costs, not only in testing, but also in fixing laboratory HVAC systems, and we cannot afford it.” It is related to the health and safety of lab workers health. MD 15128 provides the tools for the lab director to ensure compliance with CLC Part II.

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Comparing MD 15128 & ASHRAE 110

TESTS MD 15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995

Conditions •  As Manufactured •  As Installed •  As Used (project specific)

•  As Manufactured •  As Installed •  As Used (project specific)

Cross Drafts •  Detailed test method •  Performance criteria

•  Notes only •  No test method •  No performance criteria

The following tables compare the information given in the two documents for the different types of tests:

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TESTS MD15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995

Local Smoke Visualization

•  No longer applicable •  Detailed test method •  Performance criteria

Large Volume Smoke Visualization

•  Smoke generator only •  Controlled smoke released •  Smoke diffuser apparatus •  Detailed test method •  Detailed performance criteria

•  Smoke candle or dry Ice or smoke generator •  General test method •  No performance criteria

Smoke Visualization Tests

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TESTS MD15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995 Face Velocity •  ref ASHRAE 110 method

•  Detailed performance criteria •  Detailed test method •  No performance criteria

Bypass Effectiveness

•  General test procedure •  Detailed performance criteria

•  No test procedure •  No performance criteria

VAV Flow Response

•  ref ASHRAE 110 method •  Detailed performance criteria

•  Detailed test method •  No performance criteria

VAV Flow Stability



Velocity and Flow Tests

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TESTS MD15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995 Face Velocity •  ref ASHRAE 110 method

•  Detailed performance criteria •  Detailed test method •  No performance criteria

Bypass Effectiveness

•  General test procedure •  Detailed performance criteria

•  No test procedure •  No performance criteria

VAV Flow Response



VAV Flow Stability



Velocity and Flow Tests

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TESTS MD15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995

Tracer Gas •  ref ASHRAE 110 method •  Detailed performance criteria


Sash Movement Effect



Containment Tests

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TESTS MD 15128 – 2013 ASHRAE 110 – 1995 Simulated Apparatus

•  Detailed test method •  Performance criteria

•  Notes only •  No test method •  No performance criteria

Minimum Flow •  Test method •  Performance criteria

•  No test method •  No performance criteria

Fume Hood Alarm

•  Accuracy, enunciation, and responses •  Performance criteria

•  No test method •  No performance criteria

Additional Tests

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Other Relevant Fume Hood Testing Standards

ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 – 2012 American National Standard for Laboratory Ventilation

NFPA 45 – 2011 Standard on Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals

CSA Z316.5 – 04 Fume Hoods and Associated Exhaust Systems

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Conclusions

•  MD 15128 was developed by considering all other relevant testing requirements.

•  PWGSC believes that MD 15128 is more comprehensive than many other standards, while not necessarily imposing higher performance criteria.

•  MD 15128 helps to accomplish two important objectives:

1.  Offers better protection to Government of Canada employees in terms of health and safety.

2.  Sets the standard for the ever-changing fume hood technology to meet clearly defined performance criteria. 53

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Thank You Questions ?

[email protected]

(819) 956-0465

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md 15128 and its impact on lab facilities

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