May 7, 2020Learning Target: I can identify the three types of rocks.

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ROCKS

▪ There are 3 large classifications of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary.

▪ Each type of rock is formed differently and can change from one type to another over time.

▪ The way rocks are formed determines how we classify them.

Igneous Rock

▪ Forms when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and hardens.

▪ If cooling takes place slowly beneath Earth's surface, the igneous rock is called intrusive.

▪ If the cooling takes place rapidly on Earth's surface, the igneous rock is called extrusive

obsidian

Types of Igneous Rocks

▪ The two main categories of igneous rocks are extrusive and intrusive.

▪ Extrusive rocks are formed on the surface of the Earth from lava, which is magma that has emerged from underground.

▪ Intrusive rocks are formed from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust of the planet.

Sedimentary Rocks

▪ Forms from the compaction and/or cementation of rock pieces, mineral grains, or shell fragments called sediments.

▪ Sediments are formed through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth's surface.

▪ Sedimentary rocks can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water.

Types of Sedimentary Rocks

▪ There are three different types of sedimentary rocks: clastic, organic (biological), and chemical.

▪ Clastic sedimentary rocks, like sandstone, form from clasts, or pieces of other rock.

▪ Organic sedimentary rocks, like coal, form from hard, biological materials like plants, shells, and bones that are compressed into rock.

▪ Chemical sedimentary rocks, like limestone, halite, and flint, form from chemical precipitation.

Metamorphic

▪ Forms when rocks are changed into different kinds of rocks by great heat and/or pressure - they are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids and/or tectonic forces.

▪ When heat and pressure reach the rock's melting point, it melts into magma.

gneiss

Types of Metamorphic Rock

▪ Metamorphic rocks have two classes: foliated and nonfoliated.

▪ When a rock with flat or elongated minerals is put under immense pressure, the minerals line up in layers, creating foliation.

▪ Nonfoliated rocks are formed the same way, but they do not contain the minerals that tend to line up under pressure and thus do not have the layered appearance of foliated rocks.

The Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is an illustration that is used to explain how the three rock types are related to each other and how Earth processes change a rock from one type to another through geologic time.

The Rock Cycle

Questions

The model represents the processes involved in the formation of differenttypes of rocks. Some of these processes are labeled A through H.

1. Complete the table below by writing the letter of the process from the rock cycle diagram thatis being described by each statement in the table.

2. Based on the rock cycle diagram, identify one process involvedin the formation of metamorphic rock.

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