may 11, 2015 1 the role of electric mobility in future energy systems dr. ir. zofia lukszo with...
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April 21, 2023 1
The role of electric mobility in future Energy Systems
Dr. ir. Zofia Lukszo
With collaboration with dr. Remco Verzijlbergh
Section Energy and IndustryTechnology, Policy and Management@: [email protected]
Content
• Why electric mobility?• Responsive demand
• Are the goals of many actors involved the same?• What about the environment?• Why EVs can be compared to cold storage
warehouses?• What can we learn from looking at different price
scenario’s?• Future work
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Future energy systems
Oldschedule generation
to meet demand
New schedule demand
to meet generation
e.g. electric
mobility
Electric mobility
How can electric mobility contribute to a more sustainable transportation & electrical power system and on the same time align the interests
of its relevant actors?
See: Remco Verzijlbergh, The Power of Electric Vehicles, PhD Thesis TU Delft, 2013, http://repository.tudelft.nl/
Why electric mobility - CO2 emission air quality, noise polluttion
Energy usage households +/- 10 kWh
Power sectorcomplex socio-technical system
Standard Household Profile
Estimation of the expected energy usage of EVsData from Mobility Research Netherlands
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, “Mobiliteitsonderzoek Nederland (in Dutch)” Available: www.mobiliteitsonderzoeknederland.nl
Average: ~34 km~ 90% < 100km
Charging scenario's and network loadBased on real life data
Network load:100 houses and 50 EVs
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Price control
Load Control
Imbalance Control
Separate EV demand profiles
Electric mobility in a city– city of Utrecht
Load flow analysis shows:
• 10% electric mobility
24% overloaded
• Reference case (merely
organic growth)
19% overloaded
See E.J. Kleiwegt, Electric Mobility: on the Road to Energy Transition: A technical and actor assessment of social costs of electric mobility, Master Thesis, TU Delft, 2011http://repository.tudelft.nl/
Example – city of Utrecht
Use calculations for critical component map
Green/Yellow/Redlocations for installing charging stations
Merit order vs emission – two cases
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D A
CO2 emissions of EV charging as a function of CO2 price
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A
D
Dispatch profiles for different vehicles scenarios
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Charging strategy based on predicted price
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Negative price?
Conventional, wind and solar power and spot prices for the German system on June 16th2013.
Responsive demand – cold storage
Oldschedule generation
to meet demand
New schedule demand
to meet generation
e.g. with a cold
storage warehous
e
Matching renewable energy and demand response through price
System model:•Cold store has PV generation on site•PV production known in advance•Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t)
•Temperature upper bound Tmax
Goal: Investigate relations between demand response strategy of a cold store and electricity prices & Evaluate different pricing regimes on optimal energy use
Physical model of cold store
Heat balance
Incoming heat
Outgoing heat
Discretized in time
Resulting equation for T dynamics
System model
• Cold store has PV generation on site
• PV production known in advance
• Pays price Cin(t) for energy, receives Cout(t)
• Temperature upper bound Tmax
Optimization formulation
constraints
Objective function
Compare cold store with EV optimization problem
Optimization problem
State dynamics
Price scenarios
A: flat tariff
B: flat double tariff
C: day-night tariff
D: APX based real time tariff
E: APX based real time tariff, high solar penetration
• Optimal cooling trajectory depends strongly on tariff structure.
• Local use of PV energy depends on tariffs
• Most 'value' of control in case with high solar penetration.
• The effective use of demand response requires the right tariff structure
Comparison
New plans
NWO URSES - CaPP Project
• Design, Management and Control Systems for
multi-modal, detachable decentral sustainable
energy systems
• Car as Power Plant as a multi-modal system (power,
transport, gas/hydrogen, heat)
• ICT and business models for CaPP
• Detachable decentral = fuel cell cars
NWO URSES – CaPP Project
• design, assess and analyse the fuel cell car as power plant (CaPP) in integrated transport and energy systems
• investigate and design robust control systems of CaPP-based smart energy systems
• explore effective incentive and organizational structures for the emergence of CaPP integrated energy and transport systems
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PhD wanted!
CaPP
Most urgent question
• How to reduce uncertainty for actors in the energy chain by developing the science and tools that are needed for smart energy systems?
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