maxillary nerve
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MAXILLARY NERVE &
PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION
D.R VINAITHA M.scTutor -Dept Anatomy
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Distribution of 5th Cranial Nerve
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v 2nd division of Trigeminal
nerve
v Purely sensory
v Sensations from the maxillary
teeth, the skin between
the palpebral fissure and
the mouth, and from the nasal
cavity and sinuses
v Intermediate between
Opthalmic and Mandibular
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COURSE OF MAXILLARY NERVE
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COURSE
Middle of trigeminal ganglion as plexiform band
Lateral aspect of Cavernous sinus
Foramen Rotundum
Cross Pterygopalatine fossa
Enters orbit thru Inferior orbital fissure
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BRANCHES
In the middle cranial Fossa: meningeal br.
In pterygopalatine Fossa:
Ganglionic
Zygomatic br
Posterior superior alveolar br
In infra-orbital canal:
Middle superior alveolar br
Anterior superior alveolar br
On the face:palpebral br
Nasal br
Superior labial br
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A. Zygoticaticotemporal
B. Zygomaticofacial
C. Post. Sup. Alveolar Brs
D. Nasopalatine
E. Greater Palatine
F. Lesser Palatine
G. Mid. & Ant. Alveolar Brs
H. Infraorbital
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Trigeminalnerve distribution in face
Maxillary nerve
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PTERYGOPALATINE GANGLION
(Sphenopalatine Ganglion, Ganglion of Meckel)
v Triangular
v Reddish grey
v Below maxillary nerve
v Pterygopalatine fossa
v Largest peripheral parasympathetic ganglion
v Receives a sensory, a motor, and a sympathetic root
v sensory root - derived from two sphenopalatine branches of the
maxillary nerve
v motor root - derived from the nervus intermedius through the
greater superficial petrosal nerve
v sympathetic root - derived from the carotid plexus through the
deep petrosal nerve - join to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal
before their entrance into the ganglion
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Connections
Preganglionic fibers:
Lacrimatory nucleus in the lower pons
Facial nerve
Nervous intermedius
Greater petrosal nerve
Nerve of pterygoid canal
Pterygopalatine ganglion
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Postganglionic fibers
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Maxillary nerve
Zygomatic nerve Greater palatine nerve
Lacrimal nerve Nasal, palatine gland
Lacrimal gland
Pharyngeal glands
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Sympathetic: deep petrosal nerve + greater petrosal
nerve nerve of pterygoid canal sensory to
mucous membrane of nose, palate, nasopharynx
Sensory: through maxillary nerve orbital, nasal, palataland pharyngeal branches
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APPLIED ANATOMY
Pterygopalatine ganglion ganglion of hay fever
The parasympathetic supply to the nose is from
the lacrimal nucleus with the fibers leaving the brain stem
in the nervus intermedius. They relay in the pterygopalatine
ganglion before entering the nasal cavity. An increase in
parasympathetic tone causes swelling and increased
secretion from the nasal mucosa. The pterygopalatine
ganglion is sometimes called the hay fever ganglion
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THANK Q
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