maulita khazini_optimization of water resources

8/16/2019 Maulita Khazini_Optimization of Water Resources

1/17

MAULITA KHAZINI1132003043

Paper 1

Optimasi Pola Operasi Waduk Pelaparado

Di Kabupaten Bima, Propinsi NTB

Paper 2

Optimasi Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Air Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai

AN!KOK

Paper 3

"etode "emperkirakan Debit Air yang "asuk ke Waduk

dengan "etode Stokastik #hain "arko$

%#ontoh Kasus& Pengoperasian Waduk Air Saguling'

Teknik Indutsri

Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu KmputerUni!ersitas "akrie


2/17

I# Intrdu$e

The need for (ater resour)es )ontinuously in)reased both intended for

irrigation, publi) utilities and residential, industrial de$elopment, po(er

generation, *sheries, transportation, tourism and other purposes+

Due to the )hangeunlike the gro(ing number of (ater a day, many

)ities )onsider it ne)essary to hold a reser$oir in the (ater supply system+

#onstru)tion of reser$oirs being targeted re)all is an urgent need to maintain

the a$ailability of ra( (ater as (ell as a (ater reser$oir during the rainy

season %to pre$ent -ooding'+ Apart from that reser$oir has the fun)tion of

irrigation (ater supply ri)e and a.ua)ulture in the lo)al en$ironment+ A

reser$oir may also be used to hold e/)ess (ater during periods of high -o(

for use during periods of drought+

Positi$e and negati$e impa)ts )aused is appropriate to the fun)tion of

the reser$oir, (hile the negati$e impa)t and the problems of the most

prominent is the resettlement of the population from the area -ooded,

pro$ision of employment, loss of land, forests, plantations, and other

resour)es, in)luding -ora, fauna and the impa)t Other ad$erse e)ologi)al (ill

only be felt in the long term+

Based on this, it is ne)essary to ha$e a study to address issues

regarding the management of (ater resour)es in an optimal and integrated

reser$oir, to support an e0e)ti$e management program to ensure optimum

utili1ation and sustainable (ithout limiting the in)rease in the (elfare of the

surrounding )ommunity+

2arious methods are used to impro$e the utili1ation of (ater, one of

(hi)h is the optimi1ation te)hni.ues+ Optimi1ation te)hni.ue is a method to

pro$ide the best desired results is based on a mathemati)al fun)tion (ith

)ertain limitations so many optimi1ation te)hni.ues pro$ide menfaat in

making de)isions and )an be applied in $arious *elds of s)ien)e+

Pelaparado reser$oir lo)ated in the $illage of Pela, Distri)t "onta, Bima,

West Nusa Tenggara Pro$in)e, lo)ated about 34 km South dire)tion Bima #ity+

Pelaparado reser$oir has a )at)hment e0e)ti$ely 56+6 million m7 (ith a

height of 85+6 m+ 9n general, the physi)al )ondition of the reser$oir


3/17

Pelaparado relati$ely good and (ell maintained, but (ith the $olume of the

storage reser$oirs are e0e)ti$ely limited that 56+6 million m7 (hi)h is

e/pe)ted to be su:)ient for an area of 7,453 ha of irrigation (ater+ 9n addition

to irrigate the irrigation area, today reser$oir Pelaparado also be used topro$ide )lean (ater to the Distri)t "onta, WO;A and Belo permissible

)apa)ity of 6< liters = se)+ Therefore it is ne)essary for the operation of the

reser$oir Pelaparado pattern so that the e/penditure of (ater for irrigation

)an be ad>usted optimally+

udging from the identi*)ation of the symptoms of the problem, the

resear)h (ill apply dynami) programming method to sol$e the problems+

A))ording ?+;ilier and @ieberman %53' dynami) programming is a

mathemati)al te)hni.ue that is used for de)ision making that )onsists of many stages %multistage'+ 9n other (ords, initially dynami) program di$ides

the original problem into subproblems and then determine the optimal

solution to the original problem sol$ing re)ursi$e subsubproblems+

This is in a))ordan)e (ith the optimi1ation problem be)ause the dam

reser$oir operation pattern depends on the time that it needs )ompletion in

stages+ /)ess Dynami) programming method )ompared (ith other methods

of optimi1ation is to ha$e more than one series of de)isions+ @imitations using

Operations Cesear)h is if an organi1ation has a goal to the )ontrary (ouldresult in suboptimum %)onditions that are not able to help the organi1ation

a)hie$e the best simultaneously' and nonlinear relationships are lineari1ed to

be ad>usted by the linear program )an disrupt the suggested solutions+

II# %is$ussin

nderstanding optimi1ation is )losely related to the ma/imi1ation, but

(ith restri)tions %)onstraints'+ Optimi1e synonymous (ith ma/imi1ing the

limited resour)es+ Optimi1ation problems in the management of (aterresour)es more often nonlinear+ One method to sol$e it is to use Dynami)

Program %Dynami) Programming'+ The elements of the model is a dynami)

program %@imantara, @", and Soetopo, W+ E


4/17

7+ State $ariable %Sn'

3+ Stage return %rn'

6+ Stage transformation or state transition %tn'

While the operational )hara)teristi)s of dynami) program )an bedes)ribed as follo(s %@imantara, @", and Soetopo, W+ E


5/17

N?C G %T J Pd J P L 9' Ce0 +++ %5'

Where&

N?C G irrigation (ater re.uirement %mm = day'

T G (ater re.uirements for )rops %mm = day'Pd G (ater re.uirements for land preparation %mm = day'

PL9 G deep per)olation and in*ltration %mm = day'

Ce0 G e0e)ti$e pre)ipitation %mm = day

'ater needs (r Plants

#rop (ater re.uirement is formulated as follo(s %Suhard>ono, 53& 57'&

#u G )+ to +++ %E'

#u G )onsumpti$e use %)onsumpti$e use' or )an also be e/pressed (ith T

%e$apotranspiration' %mm = day'# G )oe:)ient of plants

to G potential e$apotranspiration %mm = day'

)!aptranspirasi ptensial

mpiri)al e.uations in the )al)ulation of modi*ed Penman potential

e$aporation method is as follo(s&

in this )ase,

T< G potential e$aporation %mm = day'

# G An ad>ustment fa)tor of day and night )onditions %*gure )orre)tion'+

W G fa)tor depending on the mean temperature %temperature' and

altitude %ele$ation'+

Cn G Amount of net radiation %mm = day'

G


6/17

n G a$erage duration of the sun is a)tually %mm = day'

N G the length of sunlight possible ma/imum %mm = day'

Cn5 G net long(a$e radiation %mm = day'

G f%t' + f%ed' + f%n=N'f%t' G un)tion of the temperature of the table the relationship bet(een

temperature %T' (ith a $alue of f %t'

f%ed' G fun)tion of the $apor pressure

G

f%n=N' G fun)tion of the brightness of the sun

Gf%u' G fun)tion of a$erage (ind speed during the day at a height of E

meters %m = se)'

G


7/17

o G e$aporation of open (ater %5+5 / to' during the pro)ess of land

preparation %mm =day'

P G Per)olation

T G period of land preparation %days'S G The need for (ater, for (ater saturation )oupled (ith a layer of 6<

mm

G Numbers e/ponent %e G E+547'

Leadin& %e*it Anal+sis

Debit mainstay %dependable -o(' is dis)harge planning that is e/pe)ted to be

a$ailable for spe)i*) purposes %irrigation, drinking (ater, et)+' throughout the

year (ith the risk of failure that has been taken into a))ount, so (hen setodds reliability of 4


8/17

?rom the data n and d rain stations around the pro>e)t (ill be obtained

by the follo(ing e.uation&

d G a n J b %4'Where a and b are )onstants due to the relationship n %the number of

days of rain' and d %the amount of dry surfa)e'+ Substitution of

e.uation %8' and %', is obtained&r=p G m=7< + %a+n J b' %'

b+ Water balan)e in the surfa)e soil

Soil (ater balan)e is a0e)ted by the amount of (ater that goes into the

ground and soil )onditions itself+ The data re.uired are& P t, is the )hange of the (ater going into the ground+ Soil storage, is the )hange in the $olume of (ater retained by the

soil that depends on %PT', soil storage the pre$ious month+ Soil "oisture, is the $olume of (ater to moisten the soil (hi)h

depends %Pt', soil storage, and soil moisture pre)eding month+ The )apa)ity of soil moisture, is the $olume of (ater re.uired to

rea)h the soil moisture )apa)ity+ Water Surplus, is the $olume of (ater that (ill enter the soil surfa)e,

the (ater surplus G %Pt' soil storage, and < if %Pt' Qsoil storage+)+ !round Water Storage

The $alue of run o0 and ground (ater amount depends on the balan)e of

(ater and soil )onditions+ The data re.uired are& #oe:)ient of in*ltration G 9 ?a)tors re)ession ground(ater -o( G k 9nitial storage, the $olume of ground (ater is a$ailable at the

beginning of the )al)ulation+ The e.uation used as follo(s&

9n G Water Surplus / 9 %5


9/17

d+ Ci$er -o(

The fa)tors that determine the amount of -o( of the ri$er is& 9nter-o( G 9n*ltration The $olume of ground(ater %mm' Dire)t Cun O0 G Water Surplus 9n*ltration %mm'

Base ?lo( G -o( of the ri$er is al(ays there throughout the year%m7 = s'

Cun O0 G 9nter-o( J Dire)t Cun O0 J Base ?lo( %m7 = s'

On)e )omplete dis)harge data series, then the )al)ulation to determine

the dis)harge mainstay+ 9n this study, the )al)ulation (as )ondu)ted

using debit mainstay de)isi$e year %basi) year'+ The base year used in

this study is that the debit has a reliability of 4


10/17

%5,E


11/17

Plant Net Bene*ts

Net pro*t 9rrigation Water

Produ)tion pro*ts on )hanges 9rrigation Water Pro$ision


12/17

@imit Pro$ision of 9rrigation Water

9n this study the optimi1ation pro)ess is di$ided into 7 stages, at ea)h

stage (ill be allo)ated a )ertain amount of (ater $olume+ 2ariables that

)onne)ts the stage (ith another one is the )hange in the storage reser$oir

before and after a stage (ith a grid of 5


13/17

path (ill be obtained in the form of allo)ation of the storage reser$oir )auses

the ma/imum bene*t agri)ultural produ)tion+tili1ation of Water Ceser$oir Optimi1ation Cesults

The o$erall results of the dynami) program, if )arried through (ill get a

tra)king optimal path of ea)h gro(ing season+ The resulting optimal path is

the $olume of (ater reser$oirs at the beginning and end of the planting

should be full in the amount of 56,6


14/17

reser$oirs Cesour)es 9n

The Watershed

management

of a reser$oir

and utili1ing

e/)essdis)harge

7+ Approa)h%es'=algorithm

a

Dynami)

Programming

Program @inear Stokastik

#hain "arko$3+ Assumptions the pattern

of reser$oir

operation

depends on

the time so

need a

gradual

settlement

Optimi1ation is

done taking

into a))ount

the prin)iple of

balan)e and

fairness

need to be

made a

model to

estimate the

in-o(

dis)harge

6+ Cesults = *ndings The o$erall

results of the

dynami)

program, if

Tra)king is

done behind

(ill get on

line

optimal at

ea)h planting

season+

Distribution of

irrigation (ater

demand is

proportional to

the $ast

potential

irrigation areas

on ea)h

(eir+

Operating

Saguling (ith

Dynami)

optimi1ation

model

Bellman

The safest is

the use of

the route

Optimal

reser$oir

$olumes in

e/treme dry

)onditions

be)ause by

using this

route )an

o$er)oming


15/17

the )ondition

of reser$oirs

in )riti)al

)ondition+8+ ad$antages ha$e more

than one set

of results

"any $ariables

that )an use a

$ariety of

possibilities for

obtaining

optimal

resour)e

utili1ation )an

be a)hie$ed+

?le/ible

ob>e)ti$e

fun)tion )an

be in

a))ordan)e

(ith the

purpose of

resear)h or

based on

a$ailable data+

"arko$

models are

relati$ely

easy to

deri$e %or

infer' from

su))essional

data+

+ disad$antages (ill result in

)ost and time

ine:)ien)ies

does not

ha$e a form

of

mathemati)a

l formulation

!ood to be

This method

)an only be

used for the

purposes for

e/ample, only

for pro*t

ma/imi1ation

or )ost

minimi1ation

Departure

from the

simple

assumptions

of stationary,

*rstorder

"arko$

)hains (hile,

)on)eptually

possible,


16/17

used

)onsistently,

so that

)al)ulationsfor

produ)e

optimal

de)isions are

limited to

)onditions

)ertain

makes for

disproportion

ate degrees

of di:)ulty inanalysis and

)omputation+

/# -n$lusins and re$mmendatinsSo the )on)lusion from $arious test results using the method of

dynami) programming, linear programming, and sto)hasti) "arko$ )hain

obtained a )on)lusion that in order to optimi1e the use of (ater resour)es is

to use dynami) program %Dynami) Program'+ Dynami) program )an mimi) the

beha$ior of the system and )an be used to make a de)ision on a series of

related de)isions+ This is $ery appropriate be)ause the pattern of the

operation depends on the time that it needs )ompletion in stages+

/I# "i*li&rap+Budianto, "uh+ Bagus Setia(an ,Agung Suroso, Agus+ Optimasi Pemanfaatan

Sumber Daya Air ______ Pada Daerah Aliran Sungai Jangko. "ataram&

ni$ersitas "ataram+


17/17

;ilmi,"oh "asre$aniah Aniek Soetopo ,Widandi+ Optimasi Pola Operasi

Waduk Pelaparado ______ Di Kabupaten Bima Propinsi !"B+ "alang&

ni$ersitas Bra(i>aya+Nuraeni, eni + #etode #emperkirakan Debit Air yang #asuk ke Waduk

dengan #etode ______ Stokastik $hain #arko% &$ontoh Kasus' Pengoperasian

Waduk Air Saguling. akarta UUUUUU Selatan& ni$ersitas Paramadinahttps&==id+(ikipedia+org=(iki=Waduk diakses pada E3 No$ember E

maulita khazini_optimization of water resources

Documents