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DIMENSIONS OF MATURITY
Ines A. de Guzman, PhD
of interestDeepening 1.
Extension of the self
Child and the family
Peer groups
School activities,
Youth organizations
Opposite sex
Vocational, moral, and civic responsibilities.
During early adolescence, the individual was in the midst of an identity crisis, a struggle that reached its peak during adolescence.
Early adulthood: mature psychosocial development is measured by the successful resolution of the stage as intimacy versus isolation
The young adult is ready for intimacy, which means not only committing the self to personal relationships but also nurturing the motivation to maintain them.
The Individual may develop strong bonds of intimacy in friendships that offer, among other features, mutuality, empathy, and reciprocity.
2. Relating warmly with others – capacity to be
intimate with and towards others
• Capacity to continue functioning even during time of stress – a very formidable goal
• spontaneity; one is• aware of one’s own
emotions, is not afraid of them, and has control over their expression.
• Acceptance as being part of the normal self
• Does not allow emotions to rule his/her life but• does not reject
• emotions as being• alien in nature either
• Full acceptance of self including imperfections
• Seek to fulfil• own potentials Self
acceptanceEmotional acceptance
Frustration toleranceConfidence in
self-expression
3. Emotional Security
4. Realistic PerceptionAbility to keep in touch with
reality, without
distorting the environment
for self-serving purposes
Ability to perceive the
surround-ings
accurately
Avoid mis-use of defense
mechanisms
5. Possession of skills and
competence
strives to develop skils he/she possesses
driven by a need to express his/her
competence through some type
of activity. identifies with her work and displays pride in the skills
needed to produce the finished
product
Possesses self insight
Knows what he/she can do, cannot do, ought to do
Modifies behavior to fulfil his/her roles as worker, marriage partner, and parents as source of stability and ego identity that are developed
in the performance of these roles.
6. Knowledge of the Self (Objectification)
copes with failure if these goals are
not met.
develops an intelligent theory of life and
work toward implementing it.
embodies the concept of guiding
purpose, ideals, needs, goals, and
values
7. Establishing a
unifying philosophy of
life
Group Activity
• Pictionary• Points (2 pts. each art work)• 2 groups–Each group assigns an artist
Kohlberg’s Stages of
Moral Development
Level 1
Pre- Conventional Morality
Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience
Whatever leads to punishment is wrong
Stage 2: Rewards
The right way to behave is the way that is rewarded
At this stage, the individual:• Avoids pain and seeks pleasure• Has no sense of obligation to anyone else• Self-absorbed (unaware of anyone’s needs other
than those that are self-serving)• Does what he/she wants to do• Amoral (unethical)• Egocentric in assuming that the world revolves
around his/her needs and desires• No sense of cause-effect• Typically between the ages of 0-7
Stage 0
At this stage, the individual:• Obey rules to avoid punishment• Sense of right and wrong is determined by what
is punished and what is not punished• Obeys superior authority and allows him to make
the rules - authority has the power to inflict pain• Is responsive to rules that will affect his/her
physical well-being• Is usually over the age of 7
Stage 1
At this stage, the individual:• Motivated by vengeance or has “an eye for an eye”
philosophy• Self-absorbed while assuming that he/she is
generous• Thinks that everyone gets the same, regardless of
need (equal sharing)• The end justifies the means• Will do a favor only to get a favor• Expects a reward for every non-selfish deed he/she
does• Is usually over the age of 10
Stage 2
Level II
Conventional Morality
Stage 3
Good intentions
Behaving that conforms to good behavior
Stage 4
Obedience to authority
At this stage, the individual:• Gives importance to peer approval • Moral decisions are based on what will please a limited
group and make the person feel included• Considers “majority” as the behavior of the “in crowd” or
peer group• Thinks that intensions are as important as deeds - expects
others to accept intentions or promises in place of deeds• Begins to put himself/herself in another’s shoes and think
from another perspective• May continue to be in this stage until he/she has reached
the age of 20
Stage 3
At this stage, the individual:Maintenance of law and order is of supreme
importantDuty-bound - believes in rigid rules that should not
be changedRespects authority and obeys it without questionSupports the rights of the majority or majority rule
without concern for those in the minorityIs part of about 80% of the population that does not
progress past stage 4
Stage 4
Level III
Post-Conventional Morality
Stage 5
Difference between legal and moral right
Stage 6
Individual principles of conscience
At this stage, the individual:• Believes in the greatest amount of good for the
greatest number of people (Utilitarianism)• Believes in contracts in which both parties compromise
and yet both receive benefits (SCT)• Believes in consensus (everyone agrees), rather than in
majority rule• Respects the rights of the minority especially the rights
of the individual• Believes that change in the law is possible but only
through the system• Has reached the same stage as the official morality of
the nation
Stage 5
At this stage, the individual:Does not compromise high principles, thus, may forfeit
his/her life in order to uphold themBelieves that there are higher moral principles than those
represented by social rules and customsObeys these self-chosen high moral principles Is willing to accept the consequences for disobedience of the
social rule he/she has rejected Uses only passive resistance and has no use for violence in
any formBelieves in granting justice and dignity to all human beings as
inalienable human rightsRespects justice for its moral and legal natureBelieves that the dignity of humanity is sacred and that all
humans have value
Stage 6
Stage 7At this stage, the individual:• Is a “seeker of justice in an unjust world”• Has a cosmic perspective of life• Neglects any consideration for self• Focuses on the whole, a view of self as part of the infinite
whole and not as an individual part that is significant• Feels desperate and sees a problematic world he/she is
incapable of repairing• Possesses an altruism that is difficult for the world to
understand• Has the ability to forgive and compassionate that often
runs in conflict with the world’s sense of justice (i.e. moral level)
Kohlberg observed that some had apparently undergone moral stage regression
Could be resolved either by allowing for moral regression or by extending the theory.
Kohlberg chose the latter, postulating the existence of sub-stages in which the emerging stage has not yet been fully integrated into the personality.
Kohlberg noted a stage 4½ or 4+, a transition from stage four to stage five that shared characteristics of both.
In this stage the individual is disaffected with the arbitrary nature of law and order reasoning; responsibility is frequently turned from being defined by society to viewing society itself as responsible.
This was often observed in students entering college.
SUMMARY• Outward manifestation of your self – from the
limits of your family to making yourself a responsible member of the bigger world.DIMENSIONS OF
MATURITY
• Inner developments that would lead to a very important aspect of human living, knowing what is right and wrong, and fighting for what is right because now you know the significance of your action in the bigger world.
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
References
• Turner, Jeffrey and Helms, Donald. 1989. Contemporary Adulthood. Rolt Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
• Bee, Helen. 1992. The Journey of Adulthood. Macmillan Pub. Co.
• Internet materials • From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia• Becca Pangborn, Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral
Development PowerPoint. presentation