matthias becker chemical engineering - fh-muenster · 2019. 9. 6. · 1820s: fresnel lens invented...

Matthias Becker

Chemical Engineering

06.06.2013Matthias Becker, B.Sc. 2

First signal equipment used 280 B.C.: Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos) Romans built network of lighthouses around

the Mediterranean Sea◦ app. 100 A.D.: „Torre de Hércules“ in Spain ◦ the oldest still used lighthouse

12th century: Europeans built newlight houses◦ reincreasing sea trade (Hanse)

All were lighted by burning wood or coal


1782: the physicist Aimé Argand invented the Argand burner.

Until 1850s: candle bulbs or „Feuerblüsen“ in Germany


1820s: Fresnel Lens◦ invented in by Augustin Jean Fresnel◦ bunching of light beams increases outreach◦ special geometry saves material


1920s: Use of incandescent bulbs Today: ◦ metal halide high pressure lamps◦ incandescent bulbs


Operating Voltage in Lighthouse◦ 230V / 400W◦ 400V / 2000W

Filling:◦ Xe (starting gas)◦ Hg (operating voltage)◦ Me-Halides (Me = Na, In, Tl, Sc…)

(light emission)


1868: First traffic lights installed in London◦ worked with gas light◦ exploded on 2nd January 1869

1912: Development of electric traffic light 1914: First electrical traffic light installed in

Cleveland (US) 1922: First traffic light in Europe (Paris and

Hamburg)


Traditionally◦ incandescent bulbs (230 V / 40 V)◦ halogen bulbs (10 V)low efficiency of light outputsingle point of failure (filament burn out)

Retrofitting with LED arrays◦ less energy consumption◦ increased light output◦ longer life time



spider web lens wide angle lens spider web lenslens pattern centre

commonest better phantom higher outreachreduction

E27 (Al or PC)

BA20 s/d

PKS 22 s (halogen lamp)


E 27 Ba20 s PKX 22 s


Up to 90 % less energy consumption

Luminous intensity: >200cd / >400cd Colors (EN 12368)◦ red: 613.5 – 631nm◦ amber: 585 – 597 nm◦ green: 498.5 – 508 nm◦ white: 5000-7000 K

Operating voltage: 12V DC; 24V AC/DC Power consumption: 4W (12V); 12W (24V)


Replaced traffic lights 54 (of 101)Energy consumption 2002 415.508 kWh/ aEnergy consumption 2005 161.584 kWh/ aSaved CO2 246 t/ aCost reduction 26.297 € / aCost of investment 656.000€ (for the first 49 signals)

Stadt Norderstedt


Rotating lights

Strobe lights

LED lighting


simplest form stationary halogen bulb attached to a

spinning mirror or Fresnel lens◦ spinning parabolic mirror causes modulation of

light covered by a plastic dome for protection


quite modern invention xenon flash lamps◦ produce a very brief but bright flash isonized Xe discharges a high current through the

filling gas◦ bluish emission spectrum

minor wear better recognisable at daylight often attached with Fresnel lens


Very popular◦ small◦ long-lasting◦ power-saving◦ can easily be seen - even in sun light◦ programmable flash pattern◦ thin construction possible (wind resistance)

Constructed as light bar or single beacon◦ also as flip up under the sun visor



Clemens Vokmann: „Leuchtfeuer und Technik“, ProfilarbeitProf. Dr. T. Jüstel: „Inkohärente Lichtquellen“, Vorlesungsskripthttp://www.rotersand.com/Collage_P.Graf_gr.jpghttp://ralflampe.de/030686/LEUCHTF/Leuchtt.htmwww.planet-wissen.de http://regiossm.stoffstrom.org/index.php?id=748en.wikpedia.orgde.wikipedia.orghttp://www.jaehnig.dehttp://www.swarco.com/futurit

matthias becker chemical engineering - fh-muenster · 2019. 9. 6. · 1820s: fresnel lens invented...

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