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Page 1: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

SOLUTIONS

Page 2: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Matter

MixturePure Substance

YES NO

YES NO

Homogeneous Mixture

Heterogeneous Mixture

NO

Element Compounds or Molecules

Are the particles one kind of atom?

Are all the particles alike?

Are the particles well-mixed and mixed evenly?

YES

Page 3: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

For something to dissolve in water, the water molecules need to break the bonds between the solute molecules

Page 4: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

very small particles evenly distributedoften difficult to separateexamples: metal alloys, milk, salt water,

Kool Aid®

Solutions (homogeneous mixture)

Page 5: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 6: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

the substance that is dissolved is called the solutethe substance that does the dissolving is the

solventa substance that dissolves in another substance is

soluble; if it can’t, it is insolublesolubility describes the amount of solute that can

be dissolved in a volume of solvent○ an unsaturated solution will dissolve more sulute○ can not dissolve any more solute in a saturated solution○ a supersaturated solution forces more solute to dissolve

by changing temperature

Dissolving

Page 7: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 8: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 9: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Acids

Propertiesa substance that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in

solution○ the more H+ dissolved in water, the stronger the acid

can taste sourcorrosive (“eat away” metals)dehydrating agents (remove water from materials-

skin!)

Acids and Bases

Page 10: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Common acidssulfuric acid: most widely used

chemical in the world, car batteries, production of fertilizers

phosphoric acid: make fertilizers and detergents

nitric acid: fertilizers and explosives

hydrochloric acid: stomach acid and to pickle (clean) metals

Page 11: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Bases (also called alkaline)

Properties“opposite” of an acida substance that produce hydroxide ions

(OH-) in solution○ the more OH- dissolved in water, the

stronger the basefeel slippery (soap)may taste bitter

Page 12: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Common basesammonium hydroxide:

most common, household cleaning agent, and in fertilizers

magnesium hydroxide: laxative, antacid

sodium hydroxide: drain and oven cleaner

Page 13: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 14: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Measuring Acid/Base Strength pH scale

each increase or decrease is 10X change in concentration

indicators are chemicals that change color in an acid or base

Page 15: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 16: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 17: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 18: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 19: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?
Page 20: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

Neutralization

the chemical reaction between and acid and base that produces “a salt” and water

acid + alkali → metal salt + water HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

acid + metal → metal salt + hydrogen 2 HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2

acid + metal oxide → metal salt + water 2 HCO2H + MgO → Mg(HCO2)2 + H2O

Page 21: Matter MixturePure Substance YESNO YESNO Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture NO ElementCompounds or Molecules Are the particles one kind of atom?

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