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Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic particles have a basic property called electric charge. protons - positive charge neutrons - neutral, no charge electrons - negative charge Electric Charge and Static Electricity

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Page 1: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Sub-atomic particles have a basic property called electric charge.protons - positive chargeneutrons - neutral, no chargeelectrons - negative charge

 

Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Page 2: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Protons and Electrons determine chargeAtoms have equal numbers of protons (positive)

and electrons (negative) therefore, atoms are neutral, with no charge.

An atom that loses electrons will have more protons than electrons = positive charge.

An atom that gains electrons will have more electrons than protons = negative charge.

  

Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Page 3: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic
Page 4: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electric Charge and Static ElectricityStatic electricity - the build up of electric charge due to the electrons transferring from one object to another. Electrons do not flow. Remain at rest = “static”.

Methods of Charging an ObjectI. Friction - when an object is rubbed, it will gain or lose electrons and will gain a positive or negative chargeglass rod rubbed with silk =glass rod loses electronsplastic rod rubbed with fur = plastic rod gains electrons

Balloon on a person’s hair???  

SILK

Glass Rod-

+++++--- -

Page 5: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Static electricity - the build up of electric charge due to the electrons transferring from one object to another. Electrons do not flow. Remain at rest = “static”.

Methods of Charging an ObjectII. Conduction - electrons transferred by direct contactelectrons move from one object to another.conductor—a material that allows the flow of electrons. silver, copper, aluminum, mercuryinsulator—a material that resists the flow of electrons. rubber, glass, wood  

Page 6: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electric Charge and Static ElectricityStatic electricity - the build up of electric charge due to the electrons transferring from one object to another. Electrons do not flow. Remain at rest = “static”.

Methods of Charging an ObjectIII. Induction - rearrangement of electrons caused by charged object placed next to neutral object. charge is “induced” when electrons move away, or attract.No contact. 

Page 7: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

ELECTRIC CHARGE

• van de graaff

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/travoltage

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/balloons
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/travoltage
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/travoltage
Page 8: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electric Charge and Static ElectricityLaw of Charges- like charges repel, opposite charges attract

Symbol for charge is “q”Charge is measured in COULOMB’s 1 proton = 1.602 x 10-19 C1 electron = -1.602 x 10-19C

 

Page 9: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electric Charge and Static Electricity

Coulomb’s Law – describes the electric force between any two charges, separated by a distance “r”The force of electrical attraction between two charges is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

k = 8.9875 x 109 Nm2

C2

Many charges are expressed in micro-coulombs (C);1 x 106 C = 1 C. Easiest solution, whenever you see C, just add x 10-6 C to the number.

Ex. 5 C = 5 x 10-6 C; 28 C = 28 x 10-6 C 

Page 10: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Coulomb’s Law Example• Two electrostatic point charges of 60 C and 50 C exert a

repulsive force on each other of 175 N. What is the distance between the two charges?

• Q1 = 60 x 10-6 C; Q2 = 50 x 10-6 C.

m0.3925d

N175

C10x50C10x60C

mN10x8.9875

d

F

QQkd

F

QQkd

QQkdFd

QQkF

662

29

21212

212

221

Page 11: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Electrical current is the flow of electrons. Unlike static electricity, charges are in motion.

Two types of CurrentI. Direct current (DC) - flow of electrons in one direction.car battery, flashlight batteries, photovoltaic (solar) cell

II. Alternating current (AC) - flow of electrons back and forth along a path.electric generator   

Electric Current

Page 12: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

CURRENT (I) – flow of electrons along a conductorunit: ampere (amp)1 ampere = 1 coulomb/1sec

RESISTANCE ( R ) – opposition to the flow of electrons. Electrons do work and lose energy in the form of heat.unit: ohm (Jsec/coulomb2

 VOLTAGE ( V ) Potential Difference - energy available to move electrons from objects of high potential to objects of low potential energy. measures amount of work electrons can do if they move between two points. unit: volt (V) 1 volt = 1Joule/1 coulomb High voltage greater potential to do work.Low voltage less potential to do work.  

Electric Current

High potential energycharged

e'e'e'

Low potential energyuncharged

Page 13: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

OHM‘S LAW - current is dependent on voltage and resistance. It is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.  current = voltage resistance    I = V R units: amps = volts ohms  The greater the voltage, the greater the currentThe lower the voltage, the lower the currentThe lower the resistance, the greater the currentThe greater the resistance, the lower the current

  

Electric Current

Page 14: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Circuit – path, or loop, formed by a conductor that allows electrons to flow.

SERIES CIRCUIT - circuit where current travels through only one loop 

PARALLEL CIRCUIT - circuit consisting of several smaller circuits connected together          

 

Electric Circuits

Page 15: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

Circuit – path, or loop, formed by a conductor for electrons to flow.

SYMBOLS -           

 

Fuse - metal in a circuit which melts when current is too highCircuit breaker - metal in a circuit which bends when current is too high

 

Electric Circuits

conductorswitch (open)

switch (closed)power source (battery)

light bulb

resistor

flow

Page 16: Matter is made up of small particles called atoms. Atoms are made up of smaller, sub-atomic particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Sub-atomic

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