matter energy life

8/11/2019 Matter Energy Life

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To understand the environment, we need to

know how energy and matter behave in the

envi ronment and in l iv ing th ings


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nything that takes up space and

has mass

Atoms are the

smallest particles

that are

characteristic of

an Element

Matter is made

up of different

elements

a carbon atom

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Elementsaresubstances that cannot be broken

down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical

reactions

The Periodic Table of Elements shows all known

elements organized by their properties

Most matter can exist in three interchangeable

states:

solids, liquids, and gases

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Periodic Table of Elements

The table is

organized by

similarity in atomic

structure and

characteristics4


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SODIUM

A charged atom

is an ion.

Na

+

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Platinum

6


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NEON

8


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UR NIUM

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Conservation of Matter

Under ordinary circumstances,

matter is neither created nor destroyed.

It is recycled endlessly.

Where did the elements come from?

The phrase were all stardust is true

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Just four elements

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,and nitrogen-

make up over 96% of the mass of most

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Chemical reactions, the breaking and forming of

molecular bonds, create the simple and complexcompounds and substances on which life depends.

Elements are joined by chemical bonds to form

molecules

or

compounds; molecules also react

to form new compounds

Reactants Products


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Examples of

molecules

H

2

+ O

2

H

2

O

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Water is a unique compound

Water:

- is the medium in which all of lifes chemical reactions

occur- is a good electrical conductor (natural condition)

- has the highest surface tension of any common, natural

liquid

- is a liquid over a wide temperature range- expands when it crystallizes, unlike most substances

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The capacity to do work

heat, light, electricity, and chemicalenergy are all types of energy

Energy can be

Kinetic energy -- contained in moving objects

or

Potential energy

stored energy physical, chemical

or nuclear)

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Potential Energy

Kinetic Energy

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Food has chemical energy calories

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High-quality energy is concentrated

This is very useful for doing work

Examples: Hot fire, high voltage electricity, boiling water

Low-quality energy is diffused or dispersed

This is not very useful for doing work

A lake contains a lot of heat energy even if its cold, but that heat

energy is not very useful bec use its not concentr ted

Low quality energy sources must be transformed

to high quality sources to be very useful

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Two Fundamental Principles of Energy

Energy is conserved

it is neither created nor

destroyed but may be transferred or transformed

First law of thermodynamics)

However, with each successive transfer or

transformation of energy, there is less energy

available to do work because it is dissipated and

disorder is increased

(Entropy increases (tendency of all natural

systems to move towards a state of increasing

disorder) -Second law of thermodynamics).

matter energy life

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